Ókè-ala nke Norway na Russia: History na modernity

Ala na-agbasa ha mgbe nile a na-akpata ya agha. Site n'oge Kievan rus, ya mma agbata obi mmekọahụ mba ndị ọzọ na-isi na-asọpụrụ dị ka rusichi onwe ha na ndị ọzọ.

Ọ na-adịghị mgbe i nwere ike izute a ogologo na sie ike mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ, ma ọ na-ndị dị otú ahụ jikọrọ Russia na Norway. The mbọhọ abụọ ndị a na-ekwu, na-adịkarịghị na-akarị a friendly ikwere. Gosiri na nke a bụ ókè nke Norway na Russia, na 190 afọ ncheta nke na-eme ememe na May 2016.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmekọahụ n'etiti Norway na Russia

Vikings akpọ Kievan rus Norwegians, Danes na Swedes. Malite site na 10th na narị afọ, ha bụ akụkụ nke "ọbịa" nke na-eto eto ala, dị ka ọ na-emekarị kwubiri dynastic di na nwunye eze n'ọzọ. Ka ihe atụ, Yaroslav Mudry nyere nwa-ya nwayi Elizabeth maka Norwegian King Harald, popularly kwuru na dị ka "egwu". Ọ lụrụ nwa nwaanyị nke Swedish King Olaf.

Norman squads bu ndi-isi nke Kiev na agha na ha megide Pechenegs, na ọbụna gara Byzantium. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha mgbe nọrọ na Novgorod, Kiev, Chernigov na ala ndị ọzọ, na webatara na ndị obodo. Ya mere mbụk, ghọrọ usoro ọtụtụ narị afọ enyi n'etiti Norway na Russia.

Mgbanwe Norwegian ókè Kievan rus

N'oge ahụ, mba ala mgbe gbanwere ha n'ókè-ala, na njikọ na ihe ịga nke ọma ma ọ bụ na agha mkpọsa, ha "kpaliri" dị ka a agbamakwụkwọ onyinye. Ka ihe atụ, ruo na-etiti narị afọ nke 11 na ókè-ala n'etiti Russia na Norway wee ebe on Lyngen Fjord, 50 km ọzọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke oge a na obodo nke Tromsø. Otu Yaroslav Mudry dị ka a ego ka nwa-ya, nye ha niile gbara ya gburugburu ala na Alta Fjord (ugbu a n'ógbè Finnmark).

Yiri agbamakwụkwọ àjà e kwetara na niile European eze n'ọzọ, nke mere na-abawanye na ókèala ndị agbata obi na obodo na-efu nke ha onwe ha ala bụ a quirk nke Grand Duke.

Nke a ókè-ala nke Norway na Russia nọgidere ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke 13, mgbe Alexander Nevsky, onye n'oge dị iche iche, we buru eze Novgorod, na Kiev, mgbe ahụ, na Vladimir, ọ bụghị "kewapụrụ" akụkụ ọzọ nke ókèala na ihu ọma nke ugwu onye agbata obi. Otu dị na akara, ọ gbasaa Tanaforda.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1397 Norway ghọrọ akụkụ nke Kalmar Union, nke bụ n'okpuru onye ọchịchị nke Danish eze, na ókè-ala dị ka ọ na e guzobere n'agbata Russia na Unia. Ọ bụghị ruo mgbe 1523, mgbe otu adịghị akpaghasịwo n'ihi enweghị afọ ojuju na Sweden.

Russian-Norwegian ókè-ala si 17 na 19 na narị afọ

Na 1603, mgbanwe ime na ókè-ala n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ, dị ka ọ na-kwetara n'etiti Boris Godunov na Christian 4, King of Denmark na Norway (1577-1648 afọ). Dị ka ya, a ọhụrụ akara a ga-enwe Kola egbugbere ọnụ na Tanafordom na Varanger Fjord (Bay nke Barents Sea, bụ nke kewara ndị dịịrị banye na mmiri nke na-akụ azụ na Norwegian Varanger Peninsula).

Ma dị ka ụbọchị na Russia ndị na-edochaghị anya, na eze anya, e gburu, na nkwekọrịta na a bịanyere aka. Iji ya naanị laghachi 1684, ma okwu nke nkewa nke ókè-ala-ya na e dochie na ọhụrụ. Dị ka ya, Russia na Norway nwere nha anya ikike na ndị Kola Peninsula na ndị ọzọ nke ụka ala.

N'ihi ya, mba abụọ nwere ekesịpde a ókèala na-anakọtara ụtụ isi ebe ahụ, ma ọ dịghị nke ha na-achọghị ịzụlite ha kpọrọ ihe. Wee dị ukwuu dị ka afọ 130, mgbe Norway adịghị arahụ nke osisi nke Danish na bịara n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Sweden.

Site 1814 na 1826 ọ nọgidewokwa na-ejighị n'aka na ala ndị a, dị ka ukara ókè-ala nke Norway na Russia bụghị e guzobere.

nkwekọrịta 1826

Nke a na nkwekọrịta bụ n'ihi oké ọrụ mere site nnọchiteanya nke mba abụọ. Dị ka ya, ala ahu nke dịwo anya na nkịtị ojiji, wee kwalie Norway. Ike bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi ụkpụrụ, n'ihi na ndị a n'ókèala omenala mmadụ bi dara, na Skolt Sami.

Ọ chọrọ ka ala ókè-ala n'etiti Russia na Norway emewo n'ime akaụntụ na-ebute ọdịmma nke onye ọ bụla na mba:

• Lapps ọtụtụ narị afọ ndị ọkụ azụ;
• Sami, onye bi na ugwu, aku reindeer zụọ;
• Skolt achọghị ka ha hapụ chọọchị Ọtọdọks wuru ndị nna nna ha na 300 afọ gara aga.

Fọrọ nke nta a afọ gawara n'ime akaụntụ niile metụtara, na May 14, 1826 akwụkwọ isiokwu ya bụ "Convention on steeti ókè-ala n'etiti Russia na Norway na churchyards Lapland" e banyere St. Petersburg, Gụọ Nesselrode si Russia na Niels Palmstierna, Swedish-Norwegian ukọ.

Na-akwadebe akwụkwọ ọzọ ike bụ ókè nke Finland.

Ókè-ala si Finland

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrụ na nkewa nke Norwegian-Russian ókè nwere Valerian Galyamin onyeisi ndị agha nke ndị agha Russia, a so na Turkish agha, onye na-ese na director nke na Imperial poselin Factory.

Site na ọ dị mkpa ọ bụghị nanị na ya talent dị ka a na-ese isere a ọhụrụ Mezhuyev na map n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ, kamakwa diplomatic nkà nakwa dị ka akpa ókè ẹdude a ọdịmma nke ndị mba atọ.

Ókè-ala nke Russia, Norway, Finland, nke bụ akụkụ nke alaeze ukwu, e rụrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe. Na Russian n'akụkụ ya na-aga site n'ọnụ nke osimiri ka isi ya vorem na n'ihu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Church of Boris na Gleb, na mgbe ahụ n'ebe ndịda n'akụkụ osimiri ka Rayyakoski Paz.

Na Finland (akụkụ ebe ndịda nke ókè-ala) bụ ike iru ebe nke ọwa uzo site na ọtụtụ ugwu, osimiri na ọdọ mmiri ka ugwu Kolmizoyve-Madakiedsa-anọgide na-confluence Skaareiok inflow nke osimiri Tana.

Na ókè mgbe ọ dịla otu ebe ọbụna 1751 g scripting ókè-ala n'etiti Norway na Duke nke Finland. Behind ya na mbụ ekewaghi ala Lapland. N'ụdị a ókè-ala kere ruo narị afọ nke 20.

Mgbanwe narị afọ nke 20

Na narị afọ nke 20 na ókè-ala nke Norway na Russia ọtụtụ ugboro gbanwere ya odidi, na a na-ejikọta ya na ndị agha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe, nke a na-jupụta. Ọ nwere ike na-kwuru mgbanwe ókè nke oge ndị a oge:

• Site 1920 1944 ọ kpụrụ Norwegian-Finnish ókè-ala na njikọ na ndọrọ ego nke Finland si Russia biri n'afọ 1918 na ya annexation nke Petsamo district.
• ọhụrụ nkwekọrịta na mkpọrọgwụ Soviet-Norwegian ókè e banyere 1947 na 1949, karị.
• Ebe ọ bụ na 1991, Norway nwere a ala ókè na Russia, onye ọchịchị a na-ghọtara mgbe ndị Soviet ida.
• Nkwekọrịta on delimitation nke Barents Sea na Arctic Ocean n'etiti mba abụọ e banyere 1993 na 2011.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị ala a Russian-Norwegian ókè dị mfe, nkewa nke ala nke oké osimiri nke fọrọ nke nta afọ 80 kemgbe controversial.

Maritime ókè

The ụka oké osimiri ókè na Russia - Norway pụtara na 1926, mgbe Soviet Union kwuru akụkụ nke Barents Sea na Arctic Ocean ha unilaterally. Ọ dịghị onye a ókè-ala na-adịghị ghọtara, ma na-alụ ọgụ maka ya, oke, na-achọghị.

Ọ e weghaara 175.000 km ² Norwegian mmiri, na ya mere ka ọ mmekọahụ n'etiti mba abụọ imebi. N'afọ 1976, Norway kpebiri ghara lag n'azụ, na-na-unilaterally kwuru a n'ókèala ha.

Nanị ihe na-nwere ike ibelata ihe merenụ - bụ nkwekọrịta na nkwonkwo ojiji nke ụka ókèala dị azu ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ bụla geological ma ọ bụ mmanụ na-emepụta ọrụ n'ebe ndị a na-iwu.

Na 2010, a nkwekorita e banyere n'etiti Russia na Norway, n'okpuru nke ikpeazụ ga-azụ ha mmiri dị Barents Sea na Arctic Ocean.

ókè-ala taa

N'oge anyị a, ogologo nke Norwegian-Russian ókè bụ 195,8 na ala na osimiri na 23,3 km nke oké osimiri. Egbute 90s nke narị afọ nke 20 ngere n'etiti mba abụọ weghachiri ọzọ ke 2016 site na Norway.

Chebe onwe ngere kwesịrị a mgbochi iji banye Schengen mpaghara gbara ọsọ ndụ.