Olee wuoro airship? Gịnị bụ airship? Anyị mkpa ha na ụwa nke oge a?

Airship (si French diriger - «akara») - a onwe-propelled efe efe igwe, Mkpa ọkụ ka ikuku. Ya akụkọ na ụzọ ụlọ nke a ugbo elu, anyị ga-akọwa mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu a.

Structural ọcha

E nwere atọ isi ụdị nke airships: soft, ọkara isiike na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ha niile iso nke anọ bụ isi akụkụ:

• sịga shei ma ọ bụ balloon jupụtara gas nke njupụta dị obere karịa njupụta nke ikuku;
• kokpiiti ma ọ bụ gondola kwụsịtụrụ n'okpuru shei, nke a na-eji ibufe arụ ọrụ na njem;
• Motors ụgbọala propellers;
• kwụ na vetikal amara aka iduzi airship.

Gịnị bụ blimp? Nke a balloon tagzi mmasị thereto via ụdọ. Ọ bụrụ na ndị gas ufụn, shei ga-atụfu ya udi.

Ọkara isiike airship (foto ọ na-e nyere na isiokwu) bu kwa dabere na nrụgide, nke na-ekwusi ya odidi, ma ọ ka nwere ihe a metal bughi keel nke gbatịrị longitudinally tinyere isi nke balloon na-akwado ndị tagzi.

Isiike airships na-mere nke fechaa etiti mere nke aluminum alloy, kpuchie na ákwà. Ha na-agaghị anọkwasị. Inside a Ọdịdị bụ ọtụtụ balloons, onye ọ bụla nke nwere ike iche iche ga-ejupụta gas. Ụgbọ elu nke ụdị na-ejigide ya udi irrespective nke ogo ozuzu nke cylinders.

Nke gas na-eji?

A na-eji airships maka eweli hydrogen na helium. Hydrogen bụ lightest mara gas na, si otú ahụ, o nwere nnukwu ike. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ukwuu flammable, nke bụ na-akpata ọtụtụ egbu mkpọka. Helium bụghị otú mfe, ma ọ bụ ukwuu odi mfe n'ihi na ha adịghị ọkụ.

Gas containment n'oge airship cylinders mere owu ákwà impregnated na roba, bụ nke e mesịrị dochie anya ya site sịntetik akwa dị ka polyester na neoprene.

History nke e kere eke

The mbụ ọma airship e wuru na 1852 na France site Henri Giffard. O kere a 160-paụnd uzuoku engine ike ịzụlite a 3-liter ike. p., nke bụ iji ụgbọala na nnukwu propela na 110 revolutions kwa nkeji. Iji ebuli arọ nke ike osisi, ọ jupụtara n'ime 44 mita na a hydrogen balloon, malite na Paris ịgba ọsọ ama na a na-agba nke 10 km / h, n'inyawa anya nke banyere 30 km.

Na 1872, a German engineer Paul Haenlyayn mbụ arụnyere na na na-eji na airship esịtidem combustion engine, nke na-eje ozi maka mmanụ gas si cylinder.

Na 1883, ndị French Albert na Gaston Tissandier mbụ ọma na-achịkwa ndị balloon, nke a na-chụpụrụ site na otu electric moto.

The mbụ isiike airship na aluminum mpempe akwụkwọ ụlọ e wuru na Germany na 1897.

Alberto Santos-Dumont, a nwaafo nke Brazil bụ onye bi na Paris, eguzobewo a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndekọ ke nsonso wuru ya si 1898 na 1905 14 na-abụghị isiike airship kwadoro site na esịtidem combustion engines.

Gụọ von Zeppelin

Ihe ịga nke ọma ọrụ isiike balloon na engine bụ German Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin, onye wuru na 1900, ya mbụ airship. Gịnị bụ LZ-1? Luftschiff Zeppelin, ma ọ bụ ụgbọelu na-Zeppelin - bụ nyochawa siri ship na a ogologo 128 m na a dayameta nke 11.6 m, nke e mere nke ihe aluminum etiti esịnede longitudinal ibé 24 ejikọrọ na transverse yiri mgbaaka 16 na-chụpụrụ site abụọ Motors, ike 16 l. a.

The ụgbọelu nwere ike iru gbapụrụ ọsọ ruo 32 km / h. Earl nọgidere na-amụtakwu imewe n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, mgbe ọtụtụ n'ime ya airships (akpọ zeppelins) e ji akọ ọtụtụ akụkọ Paris na London. Ụgbọ elu nke ụdị na-eji na ha na-arụkọ n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, tumadi maka mgbochi okpuru mmiri patrols.

Na 20s na 30s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, na Europe na United States nọgidere na-na-ewu nke airships. Na July 1919, British ugbo elu R-34 ugboro abụọ mere a transatlantic ụgbọ elu.

Mmeri nke North osisi

Na 1926, Italian ọkara isiike airship (foto nyere ke ibuotikọ) "Norway" e ọma mee Roaldom Amundsenom, Lincoln Ellsworth na Umberto Nobile General na-amụ North osisi. The ọzọ njem ọzọ airship, edu Umberto Nobile.

Na ngụkọta, ọ na-zubere ime ka 5 flights, ma airship, wuru na 1924, jiri na 1928. The ọrụ iweghachi pola na-eme nnyocha were ihe karịrị 49 ụbọchị, n'oge nke gburu 9 rescuers, tinyere Amundsen.

Dị ka airship ọ na-akpọ 1924? Fourth Air Transport Series N, mere site factory na Umberto Nobile na Rome, a na-akpọ "Italy".

na heyday

Na 1928, German balloonist Hugo Eckener wuru airship "Graf Zeppelin". Tupu decommissioning, afọ itoolu ka e mesịrị, o mere 590 flights, tinyere 144 transoceanic amaokwu. Na 1936, Germany ulo oru mgbe transatlantic njem na "Hindenburg".

N'agbanyeghị ndị a rụzuru, na njedebe nke 1930s airships ụwa fọrọ kwụsịrị na-emepụta ruru ha elu na-eri, ala ọsọ, nakwa dị ka vulnerability nke oké ihu igwe. Ke adianade do, a na mberede, ka ndị kasị ama nke - jupụtara hydrogen mgbawa "Hindenburg" na 1937, tinyere ọganihu ugbo elu ke 30 na 40. mere ụdị nke iga na-commercially gharazie ịba uru.

technology ọganihu

Gas cylinders nke ọtụtụ n'oge airships mere nke na-akpọ "akpụkpọ zolotoboytsa": ehi ikike idi agha azụ, na mgbe ahụ na-agbatị. Ihe e kere eke nke onye nke ugbo elu chọrọ abụọ na narị abụọ na iri ise na puku ehi.

N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, Germany na ya jikọrọ aka kwụsịrị mmepụta nke sausages, na e nwere zuru ezu ihe maka mmepụta nke airships na nke rụrụ bombu of England. Ọganihu na ákwà technology, gụnyere, ekele mepụtara na 1839 nke vulcanized roba site Charles Goodyear American ahia, mere ka otu ihe gbawara nke ọhụrụ na airship. Ná mmalite zitere, na US Navy wuru abụọ "na-efe efe ụgbọelu ụgbọelu", "Akron" na "Macon", onye ahu ihe meghere, na-atọhapụ fighter ugbo elu nsoro F9C Sparrowhawk. Ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri e tiwara mgbe a kụrụ a oké mmiri ozuzo, na ọ bụghị inwe iji gosi na ha ọgụ ike.

ụwa ndekọ maka oge nke ụgbọ elu e guzobere na 1937, a fụrụ afụ "USSR-B6 Osoaviakhim". Ụgbọelu ẹkenịmde ke ikuku 130 h 27 min. Ọnọdụ letara n'oge airship ụgbọ elu - Nizhny Novgorod, Belozersk, Rostov, Kursk, Voronezh, Penza, Dolgoprudny na Novgorod.

anyanwụ dara balloon

Mgbe ahụ airships pụrụ. Ya mere, May 6, 1937 "Hindenburg" gbawara n'elu Lakehurst na New Jersey - na a obi ụtọ nke ọkụ gburu 36 nọ na-arụ ọrụ ndị òtù. The ọdachi e filmed na film, na ụwa hụrụ German airship gbawara.

Gịnị bụ hydrogen, na otú ize ndụ ọ na-doro anya na onye ọ bụla, na echiche ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịkpali comfortably n'okpuru ike nke a gas n'otu ntabi ghọrọ adịghị anakwere. Na oge a na ugbo elu nke ụdị na-eji naanị helium, nke bụ ndị na-abụghị flammable. Esiwanye-ewu ewu na ghọrọ echekwa ugbo elu dị ka elu-ọsọ "na-efe efe na ụgbọ mmiri" nke Pan American Airways.

Modern injinia aka imewe nke ugbo elu nke ụdị, nwere kwara arịrị eziokwu na ruo mgbe 1999, mgbe e bipụtara a collection isiokwu banyere otú iwu ihe airship akpọ "airship technology", nanị dị n'akwụkwọ bụ akwụkwọ "Aircraft Design" Charles Burgess , bipụtara na 1927

oge a na nmepe

Na njedebe, airship emepụta na hapụrụ echiche nke njem na ibu iga nwere lekwasịrị anya, nke bụ zuru ezu iji ihe n'ụzọ dị irè mejuputa okporo ígwè, okporo ụzọ na oké osimiri na iga, na nke iru ọtụtụ ebe.

Inweta Ihu Ọma ọkụ mbụ ole na ole ndị dị otú ahụ oru ngo. Na seventies, William Miller, a mbụ fighter pilot Naval Fleet na New Jersey enwetela ship ifufe deltoid udi akpọ Aereon 26 Ma n'aka Miller biri mgbe mbụ ule ụgbọ elu. Ịmepụta a prototype ibu ugbo elu na-achọ nnukwu ego, na ikike na-azụ ahịa bụ ezughị.

Na Germany Cargolifter AG wee na-ewu nke ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa freestanding ewu karịa 300 m n'ogologo, nke ụlọ ọrụ atụmatụ iwuru a helium ọkara isiike airship ibu. Gịnị bụ ịbụ ọsụ ụzọ na ubi nke Aeronautics, ọ bịara doo anya na 2002, bụ mgbe ụlọ ọrụ na-eche oru ihe isi ike na mmachi ego, gbara akwụkwọ maka odida nchebe. Hanga na-emi odude nso Berlin, e mesịrị ghọọ ndị kasị ibu ime ụlọ mmiri park na Europe "okpomọkụ agwaetiti."

Na-achụ nke egwuregwu

A ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke imewe engineer, ụfọdụ nke na-kụziri site na ịrịba ọchịchị na onwe ego, anyị kwenyesiri ike na, nyere na e ọhụrụ teknụzụ na ọhụrụ ihe, na ụlọ ọrụ ga-enwe ike irite uru na ndị na-ewu airships. Na March afọ gara aga, ndị US House of Representatives haziri nzukọ raara nye ụdị ikuku iga, na ebumnuche nke nke bụ iji mee ngwangwa usoro nke ha na mmepe.

Na-adịbeghị anya, mmepe nke airships aku aerospace heavyweights Boeing na Northrop Grumman. Russia, Brazil na China wuru ma ọ bụ na-emepe emepe ha onwe ha prototypes. Canada eguzobewo a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ugbo elu oru ngo, gụnyere "Solar Ụgbọ mmiri", nke anya dị ka a keokuko stealth bombu na anyanwụ ogwe enịm gafee n'elu nke nku jupụtara helium. All na-aka ke mbuba ka ndị mbụ na ekwu nanị ahịa nke ibu ụgbọ njem, nke nwere ike tụrụ na ọtụtụ ijeri dollar. Ugbu a, anya na-adọta atọ oru:

• English Airlander 10, ngwakọ Air Vehicles Company - ugbu a kasị airship na ụwa;
• LMH-1, ụlọ ọrụ "Lockheed Martin";
• Aeroscraft, Worldwide Eros Corp ụlọ ọrụ ike kwagara si Ukraine Igor Pasternak.

RC balloon na aka-ha

Na-amata nsogbu na-ewu ụgbọ elu nke ụdị, ọ bụ omume na-ewu ihe airship ụmụ. Ya size dị obere karịa nke ọ bụla nlereanya, nke nwere ike zụrụ, na ya nwere mma Nchikota kwụsie ike na maneuverability.

Ka ịmepụta a miniature airship ga-achọ ihe:

• Atọ miniature moto erikpu 2.5 g ma ọ bụ obere.
• Pico arọ nke 2 g (e.g., DelTang Rx33, nke, ya na ndị ọzọ akụkụ, nwere ike zụrụ na pụrụ iche ụlọ ahịa online, dị ka Micron Radio Control, Aether Sciences RC ma ọ bụ Plantraco), kwadoro site na a otu lithium-polima cell. Ọ dị mkpa iji hụ ndakọrịta nke engine njikọ na-erite, ma ọ bụ na-achọ mkpa soldering.
• Transmitter dakọtara na atọ ma ọ bụ karịa ọwa.
• LiPo-mAh batrị ike nke 70-140 na a kwesịrị ekwesị chaja. Na ngụkọta ibu adịghị gafere 10 g, batrị ga-mkpa ruo 2.5, ihe batrị ike ga-enye ukwuu ụgbọ elu oge: na 125 mAh nwere ike ịbụ mfe enweta ya oge ka 30 nkeji.
• The wires na njikọ batrị-erite.
• Atọ obere propellers.
• The carbon mkpanaka (1 mm) na a n'ogologo 30 cm.
• Deprona mpempe 10 x 10 cm.
• Cellophane teepu, superglue na mkpa.

Ị chọrọ ịzụta a balloon mere nke latex, jupụta helium. Adabara ọkọlọtọ ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ibu nke bụ na ala 10 D. N'ihi ọbọ chọrọ ibu na-agbakwunyere na ụgbọ dị arọ, nke a na-ewepụ dị ka helium ehi ehi.

Mmiri na-mmasị ka aro na nrapado teepu. The n'ihu moto na-eji ịga n'ihu, na n'azụ ka perpendicular. Nke atọ moto emi odude nso n'etiti ike ndọda na-eduzi ala. The propela bụ mmasị na ya na-abụghị akụkụ, nke na ọ pụrụ inupụ elu airship. Motors ga-glued na superglue.

Attaching ọdụ stabilizer, ike budata melite na-atụ ije, dị ka na-eweli propela mmasị obere rotational ije, na ọdụ rotor bụ kwa ike. Ọ nwere ike na-eme ka ha deprona na itinye na teepu.

Forward ije ga-ahụ ụgwọ atụrụ site nta ịrị elu.

Ke adianade do, airship nwere ike igosi ihe dị ọnụ igwefoto, ihe atụ, na-eji na a isi fob.