Ọrịa nke iris. Irises: Care n'ọhịa

Ndị a mara mma okooko osisi dị ka irises, hụrụ n'anya na ọtụtụ ebe akọ growers na Gardeners dị iche iche eke na onodu ubochi zones nke mbara ala anyị. Osisi dị iche iche na-emegharị ka a dịgasị iche iche nke ọnọdụ ka, na dabeere na ndị a breeders kere a na-atọ ụtọ dịgasị iche iche. Dị iche iche nke okooko osisi, karịsịa ndị na-elekọta ma ozuzu, nakwa dị ka ihe pests na ọrịa irises na-hụrụ, isiokwu a ga-agwa.

Ònye nyere ya aha?

Famous Gris oge ochie bụ ọkà ihe ọmụma na dibịa Hippocrates kọwara ifuru maka di iche iche nke ya na agba na nsọpụrụ nke chi nwaanyị Iris. Ọ bụ na ọ dị nnọọ ka a egwurugwu, nke ejikọ eluigwe na ụwa, na-akpọsa uche nke ndị bụ chi. Ke adianade do, na Gris oge ochie asụsụ "iris" pụtara, n'elu ihe nile, eke na egwurugwu, mgbe ahụ, aha nke ifuru. Na XVIII n'okike nke narị afọ Karl Linney, kee otu usoro nke nhazi ọkwa na aha nke osisi, iris nọgidere ya oge ochie aha. Tupu anyị na-ekwu banyere ihe nwere ike imetụta iris ọrịa na pests, na nkenke atụle ndu e ji mara nke a osisi.

botanical nkọwa

Okooko osisi ndị a dị ka Iris, mma mara dị ka Gardeners Pivnik ma ọ bụ iris, bụ otu ezinụlọ nke iris. Dị ka a na-achị bụ a perennial rhizomatous, ma e nwere klubnelukovichnye osisi. Anyị gbalaga bụ kasị nnọchiteanya nke rhizomatous iris, ezi-adịghị okomoko na-elekọta ma na ufat mmiri-achọ oké ihe. Iris ubi Nleta a oké rhizome na-anọdụ miri n'okpuru uwa na mgbe bulging si na ya, na ọtụtụ ezi threadlike mgbọrọgwụ. Ewepụghị epupụta nke a ifuru bụ oké na dịtụ ikwesi, kpuchie na a whitish waxy oge ntoju xiphoides ụdị. Ọtụtụ ụdị nke irises ha na-eto na a na-akwado ekara ibé. Okooko osisi irises, akuku na na-elekọta nke mụụrụ dabere na peculiarities nke osisi, oge ntoju si mbubreyo mmiri ka ufọt ufọt June.

atụmatụ okooko osisi

All iche iche nke iris okooko osisi na-mere ndokwa na a siri ike na ike peduncle. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, otu okooko osisi, ma na-na-hụrụ na obere inflorescences. Agba? Pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ iche iche - si dị ọcha na-acha ọcha na nke nta nwa. Taa, e nwere iche, okooko nke nke na-ese na abụọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ihe na agba. Gụnyere a ifuru iris nke isii, na mgbe ụfọdụ atọ petals, n'ime na elu nkeputa nke nke dị iche na udi, size na agba. Mgbe okooko, osisi na-amị mkpụrụ - ribbed zita elongated igbe nke e nwere banyere 20 nnukwu brownish osisi.

Olee ụdị?

Foreign breeders na growers na-ekewa iris niile osisi toro na ubi, na 13 isi dị iche iche, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị kweere na e nwere ihe 17. mba anyị, ọ bụ omenala na subdivide n'ogige iche nke iris (iris) na-esonụ 10 isi iche iche:

• bearded;
• Siberia;
• Japanese;
• remontant;
• arilbredy na aryl;
• ịkpali;
• Louisiana;
• Evans;
• Osisi nke Pacific n'ụsọ oké osimiri;
• obere mara.

Nke a nhazi ọkwa dị mkpa n'ezie, ma na nkịtị ndụ mere ihe dị mfe ma doo anya na nkewa nke rhizomatous irises abụọ dị iche iche: ndị bearded na neborodatye. Kasị juru ebe niile ubi bụ nnukwu, elegantly-ese ndị nnọchiteanya nke bearded irises. A na-agụnye ọtụtụ iche a na-akpọ German ogologo bearded irises.

N'ụzọ dị iche na bearded irises, na ala petals nke bụ "na ajị agba" nke iche acha villi, neborodatye dị otú ahụ decorations na-adịghị. Nke a na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke irises:

- Siberian (I. sibirica);

- Apiti (I. pseudacorus), na-akpọ lozhnoairovym;

- Japanese (I. japonica);

- Louisiana (I. Louisiana);

- SPUR (I. spuria);

- California (I. Californian).

Anyị ga na-agbalị nkenke mara onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a umu.

iris barbata

Bearded Iris bụ ndị kasị ewu ewu nke ndị niile na iris. Iji ụbọchị, e nwere ihe 35,000 nke ya iche, na ọtụtụ ọhụrụ kwa afọ. The aha nke a ifuru bụ n'ihi ndị siri villi odude na ala petals. Ọtụtụ iche nke sere "barb" n'ụzọ dị iche na isi agba nke ifuru, esịnede isii petals. Elu bearded iris ekewa atọ dị iche iche:

1. High - karịa 0,7 mita;
2. Nkezi elu - si 0.4 ka 0,7 m;
3. Low, onye idi-elu-adịghị gafere 40 cm.

Agba nke okooko osisi bụ ma na-agbụ agbụ na jikọtara. The ìgwè nke bearded irises bụ na Iris germanica.

Siberia iris

N'adịghị ka gbasiri na undemanding na okwu nke umu nke Siberia iris, na iche ewepụtara dabeere na ya, na elu ina okpomọkụ na ìhè. Osisi nke otu a nwere ike na-eto eto ruo 1 mita n'ịdị elu. Akwụkwọ bụ narrower karịa bearded, na nwere mkpa na agba. Varietal nnọchiteanya na-abịa dị iche iche na agba na oge ntoju ke mbubreyo mmiri. Ị nwere ike bulie a ọkwa ka okooko ga-anọgide ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke July. Ọrịa nke akọ irises, ọ bụghị egwu nke elu-edu, na ajọ infestation ọ bụ nnọọ obere.

Lozhnoairovy (opitoropi) iris

Na-ekpughe ya ọlaedo-acha odo odo, na obere aja aja 'emetụ', okooko osisi ke mbubreyo May - mmalite June. Nke a na ụdị irises na-etolite nke ọma na-emighị emi, ruo 40 cm, ọdọ, na ha ókè. Ọ na-eto nke ọma na anyanwụ ma ọ bụ na ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ndo.

Ke n'etiti mpaghara nke ndị a na ụdị irises, dị ka California, Louisiana, Japanese na SPUR bụ obere, dị ka na-na-emegharị ka anyị na ọnọdụ obere iche, na ha bu, site n'onye ahụ nke ya ụkọ, bụ ọnụ ala.

Okooko osisi irises: akuku na na-elekọta

Ịzụ irises, ọ dị mkpa ka ezipụta ihe ụdị ị na-azụta, n'ihi na ọ na-emetụta na oke nke ọnọdụ maka akuku. Kacha n'oge a iche ma bearded na neborodatyh irises ahọrọ anwụ na-acha, na-ekpo ọkụ, ya ndò si ifufe. Otú ọ dị, ụdị dị ka mmiri na-adọ, ezigbo onye na bristly bụ osisi mmiri-ahụ n'anya. Ezigbo na ala opitoropi irises na iche mepụtara na ha ndabere, ọ na-atụ aro ala na-emighị emi wuru ponds na bristly - na idei mmiri n'ikperé mmiri, ma ọ bụ mmiri larịị.

Ndị ọzọ ụdị irises na-akụ n'etiti mpaghara na mmiri ma ọ bụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, na nke kacha mma oge ọgwụgwụ nke okpomọkụ - akpa izu nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ. Tupu akuku na rhizomes nke okooko osisi ndị a, ala ga-gwuru na a omimi nke 20 - 30 cm, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ime ka phosphorous-potash na nitrogen fatịlaịza na humus. Mgbe ịbụ kụrụ irises, na-ahapụ na-emeghe n'ala ha na-akpata bụ mgbe atọ na fertilizing, wepụ ata dị ka mkpa.

Seat, ndị a osisi kwesịrị ọ bụla atọ ka afọ ise, dị ka ndị iberibe rhizome ebuwanye amanye si ka elu. N'ihi nke a belatara ọkọnọ ebe, ha na-akwụsị oge ntoju. O nwekwara ike na-eduga mmepe nke ọrịa irises.

Olee otú ba uba?

Ndị a perennials nwere ike propagated site ma osisi na vegetatively. Mkpụrụ usoro eji na ozuzu ọrụ na natara a n'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ osisi oge ntoju na 2-3 afọ.

Mfe ọzọ oké ọnụ ụzọ ozuzu irises - vegetative, ebe úkwù nne osisi a na-ekewa na mgbe e mesịrị nwetara akpa nkata na-kụrụ n'ala. Repot ma kee a perennial kacha mma mgbe abụọ ma ọ bụ izu atọ mgbe okooko. Kụrụ akpa nkata elu ma ubé chọrọ - ya mere na n'ọnụ nke rhizome bụ n'elu ala. Oke miri akuku nwere ike kpasuo mmepe nke ọrịa iris okooko osisi na ọbụna ime ka ha ọnwụ. Nwetara n'ụzọ dị otú a osisi oge ntoju n'afọ mbụ mgbe kere.

Mgbaàmà nke ọrịa na ha akara

Ọtụtụ osisi nke otu a ndị pụtara na-eguzogide ọgwụ ọrịa, ma ọjọọ ihu igwe na ọnọdụ dị iche iche na mmerụ rhizome irises esonụ ọrịa nwere ike ime:

1. Geterosporioz (septoria ntụpọ), nke na-egosipụta onwe n'ụdị odo tụrụ nke dị iche iche-sized, na-enweghị usoro na-ekesa ihe karịrị ofụri elu nke lamina. Na n'ihu mmepe nke ọrịa tụrụ atụgharị aja aja na-jikọrọ ọnụ n'otu n'ime. The osisi anya na-adịghị ike, agụghị oké oge ntoju na epupụta nkụ. Geterosporioz amalite na a erughi ke ala calcium na site. Ya mmepe nwere ike ime ka ogologo oge udu mmiri na ya so elu iru mmiri. Site ọrịa iris okooko osisi ná mmalite nkebi enyere sprayings 0.4% ngwọta nke colloidal sọlfọ , ma ọ bụ 0,3% nke ọla kọpa oxychloride.
2. Bacteriosis (mmiri ire ere) - kasị dị ize ndụ ọrịa, dị ka na-emepe emepe nnọọ ngwa ngwa. The mbụ "ihe ịrịba ama" nke ọrịa bụ yellowing na ihicha nke epupụta. Mgbe ahụ, dabere na "onye ofufe", na mgbe ahụ na-emetụta rhizome ire ere na a ji mara wetara ísì ụtọ. Kpatara bacteriosis nwere ike na-ekwesịghị ịdị ọdịda - oké penetration ma ọ bụ kwa ọchịchịrị na waterlogging ebe. Ihe àmà mbụ nke mmeri a na ọrịa na mkpa ka igwu elu osisi wepụ otụk akụkụ nke rhizome. Usoro ebe "arụmọrụ" potassium permanganate, na mgbe ọ bụla ibu stimulant. Mgbe nke a rhizome na-ọma a mịrị amị, na mgbe ahụ na disembark iche iche site na ike nke osisi na akọrọ ala, ịbụ akpachara anya ka ha lie.
3. Fusarium. Na nke a ọrịa, iris na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto na ọbụna oge ntoju, ma epupụta atụgharị odo na mbụ, na mgbe ahụ na-atụgharị aja aja. Iji gbochie mmepe nke ọrịa, tupu akuku rhizome akuru fundazol na 0,2% ngwọta maka ọkara otu awa. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-kụrụ a okooko osisi dị n'okpuru mmiri n'otu úkwù fundazol ngwọta.
4. Akwukwo spotting nwere ike ime n'ihi na ndị ogbenye ọnọdụ ihu igwe. The mbụ ihe ịrịba ama - tụrụ nke dị iche iche na agba na size nke epupụta. Mgbe ọ hụrụ otú ha ozugbo ịgba ndị ọrịa osisi 0.3% ngwọta nke ọla kọpa oxychloride ma ọ bụ 1% Bordeaux ọmụmụ mejupụtara.

okooko osisi pests

Nwere ike imetụta iris ọrịa na pests. N'etiti ụmụ ahụhụ na-:

• Nte, obi ụtọ na gnawing rhizomes. Iji merie ya, i nwere ike iji pụrụ iche azụ nsogbu dị iche iche, na-eli ha n'ala gburugburu akuku irises.
• Kasatikovaya (oyi) scoop. Caterpillars a ahụhụ oriri na rhizomes na ndị okenye atapịa isi nke ị ga. Otú ahụ onye agha-eme ka mmepe nke bacteriosis irises. Na oge nke nọ n'ọrụ ibu nke na agba na ọ dị mkpa ịgba ha wormwood wepụ: 10 lita nke esi mmiri iko dina osisi ash, onye ọ bụla tablespoon nke mmiri mmiri ncha na 300 g nke herbs. Akpa na ngwọta cover na-ahapụ ka inye maka 5-6 awa. Ozugbo na-eji maka spraying. I nwekwara ike iji a dịgasị iche iche nke ndu ngwaahịa na-ere ke ọpụrụiche na-echekwa.
• Iris ifuru girl, yiri ndị kasị nkịtị ada, ini etuep na ala, ma na spring ya crawls na-atọ ya àkwá na buds. O si otú na-emetụta ndị irises. Ọrịa nke buds na ọnwụ ha bụ n'ihi n'ime ifịk ifịk udia erùrù ahụ. Gburu site nwa osisi ire ere, na, n'ezie, ọ na-adịghị etisasịwo. Ọkachamara nwere ike ikwu iji jide n'aka na-emeso niile osisi na ọdịdị nke epupụta, nakwa dị ka ná mmalite nkebi nke budding pụrụ iche ụmụ ahụhụ. Emetụta buds kwesịrị ozugbo ịkwụsị na-ebibi.

Tụkwasị na nke a pests, irises nwere ike emetụta slugs, na May ebe, wireworms, dị iche iche na thrips umu na nematodes.