Jet engine: na ime (nkenke). Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke a ugboelu engine ugbo elu

N'okpuru reactive ịghọta ije na nke ahu na-iche na ụfọdụ ọsọ nke onye nke ya akụkụ. Dapụtara si dị otú ahụ a usoro bụ ike na-eme na ya. Ndị ọzọ okwu, ọ bụ ọbụna nwetụrụ kọntaktị na mpụga na ozu.

Jet propulsion na ọdịdị

N'oge okpomọkụ ezumike n'ebe ndịda nke fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị, na-egwu mmiri nke oké osimiri, zutere na azundika jelii. Ma ole na ole nke anyị mara na ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a na-akpali nnọọ ka a ugboelu engine. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe na uwa nke a igwe nwere ike hụrụ site na-akpụ akpụ ụfọdụ ụdị nke mmiri plankton na larvae nke dragonflies. Ọzọkwa, arụmọrụ nke ndị a invertebrates bụ mgbe elu karịa ngwaike.

Olee ndị ọzọ ga-egosi otú a ugboelu engine arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ? Skwid, octopus na cuttlefish. A yiri ije na-aga, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na akịrịkọ. Were, dị ka ihe atụ, cuttlefish. Ọ na-amịkọrọ mmiri dị na ha mesho oghere na ike na-achụpụ ya site na a foneelu nke na-eduzi azụ ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ. Na nke a, na klaam bụ ike ime ka mmegharị na ziri ezi.

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke a ugboelu engine pụrụ hụrụ mgbe na-akpụ akpụ salsa. Nke a na mmiri anụmanụ na-enweta mmiri n'ime a dum oghere. Mgbe ahụ, na-aru-ya uru nkwekọrịta, ịkwa mmiri mmiri site oghere dị na ahụ n'azụ. Mmeghachi omume nke dapụtara ugboelu enye mmanu abuba na-enwe ọganihu.

oké osimiri agha

Ma nke ukwuu okè na a reactive navigation ruru ma skwid. Ọbụna ọdịdị nke agha na-egosi na-depụtaghachiri kpọmkwem na a mmiri. Mgbe na-akpụ akpụ na a ala ọsọ skwid oge ehuda ya diamond nku azu. Ma n'ihi na a ngwa ngwa otutu o nwere iji ya "ugboelu engine". The na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ ya nile uru na aru n'otu oge ọ dị mma ịtụle na ihe zuru ezu.

Anyị nwere ụdị skwid ákwà mgbokwasị. Nke a muscle anụ ahụ na gburugburu ya ahu si n'akụkụ niile. N'oge ije nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-aracha ya aracha n'ime ákwà a nnukwu olu nke mmiri, n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama na-atụba a iyi site a pụrụ iche warara nozulu. Ihe omume ndị a na-ekwe ka skwid aga agabiga azụ na gbapụrụ ọsọ ruo iri asaa kilomita kwa awa. N'oge ije nke ụmụ anụmanụ-ezukọ na a ùkwù niile ya iri tentacles nke na-enye ahụ a streamlined udi. The nozulu nwere a pụrụ iche valvụ. The anụmanụ amama ya iji muscle contractions. Nke a na-enye ohere mmiri ka mgbanwe direction. The ọrụ nke n'iru wheel n'oge a skwid ije play na tentacles. Ọ na-eduzi ha ka ha na-ekpe ma ọ bụ aka nri, elu ma ọ bụ ala na-adị mfe evading nkukota na mgbochi.

E nwere ụdị nke skwid (stenotevtis), bụ nke nwe aha nke kacha mma pilot n'etiti mollusks. Kọwaa ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke a ugboelu engine - na ị ga-aghọta ihe mere, na-achụ azụ, na ụmụ anụmanụ na mgbe ụfọdụ jumps mmiri nke mmiri, na-ọbụna na redio ụgbọ mmiri na-aga gafee oké osimiri. Olee otú nke a si mee? Kalmar pilot mgbe ke mmiri mmewere, amalite kacha torque mmeghachi omume ogwe aka ya. Nke a na-enye ohere ya ofufe n'elu mmiri na ebili mmiri na a anya nke iri ise mita.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle a ugboelu engine, ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke anụmanụ nwere ike kwuru ma? Nke a, na mbụ ilekiri, nnukwu tarawuza octopus. Na-egwu mmiri na-adịghị dị ka ngwa ngwa dị ka ndị skwid, ma bụrụ na nke ize ndụ nke ha ọsọ ike anyaụfụ ọbụna ndị kasị mma sprinters. Ọkà na-amụ Mbugharị octopus, chọpụtara na ha kwaga dị ka onye nke nwere a ugboelu engine edumbet.

Animal na onye ọ bụla ugboelu nke mmiri ejected si na ndagwurugwu ahụ, na-eme a itunanya na abụọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna abụọ na ọkara mita. Na nke a, sere n'elu octopus peculiar - azu azu.

Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke Jet Propulsion

Nwere ya Tammy na osisi na ụwa. Ụkpụrụ nke a ugboelu engine pụrụ hụrụ mgbe ọbụna na nnọọ ìhè aka "squirting kukumba" elu ọsọ bounces kwụsịrị stalk, n'otu oge jụrụ nnyapade mmiri mmiri na osisi. N'ihi ya onwe ya mkpụrụ ijiji n'elu a bukwanu anya (ruo 12 m) na-abụghị uzo.

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke a ugboelu engine nwekwara ike ịdị na-eme mgbe na ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri si na ya na a ụfọdụ direction itu arọ nkume, ọ ga-akpali ndị na-abụghị direction. The otu nwere agha ugboelu edumbet. Naanị n'ebe nkume mee, haruru. Ha na-akpata a mmeghachi omume ike inye ije na ikuku na atara ohere.

mma njem

About ohere ụgbọ elu ụmụ mmadụ rọrọ maka a ogologo oge. Nke a na-ìhè site ọrụ nke sayensị akụkọ ifo dere, bụ ndị n'ihi nzube a na-enye a dịgasị iche iche nke ngwaọrụ. Ka ihe atụ, dike nke akụkọ nke French dere Hercule Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac ruru ọnwa na ụgbọ okporo ígwè e ji ebu ihe, na nke mgbe nile na-achụpụ a ike magnet. Tupu a otu planet wee ama Munchausen. Mee a njem o nyeere ibu agwa stalk.

Jet propulsion e ji mee na China na puku afọ mbụ BC. Naani akụ ụta maka fun otú ozi achara akpa, nke na-jupụtara na ntụ ntụ. Na mberede, ndị gbara nke mbụ ụgbọ ala na mbara ala, guzobere Newton, bụ nakwa na a ugboelu engine.

History nke Rd

Naanị na narị afọ nke 19. nrọ nke ndi mmadu nke cosmos malitere nweta kpọmkwem atụmatụ. Ọ bụ na narị afọ a Russian revolutionary N. I. Kibalchichem ngo mbụ na ụwa e kere site ụgbọelu ugboelu engine. All akwụkwọ Narodnaya Volya haziri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ebe ọ bụ mgbe ogbugbu nke Alexander. Ma, n'ụzọ dị mwute, 04/03/1881 Kibalchich na e gburu ya, na echiche bụ uru n'onwe.

Ná mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20. echiche nke iji Tammy maka ohere ọzọ chọrọ Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị K. E. Tsiolkovsky. First ọrụ ya nkọwa gụnyere ahụ ngagharị agbanwe uka n'ụdị mgbakọ na mwepụ arụmarụ, e bipụtara na 1903 Na n'ihu mepere emepe atụmatụ onwe ya ọkà mmụta sayensị ugboelu engine maka propulsion na mmiri mmiri na mmanụ ụgbọala.

Tsiolkovsky na-mepụtakwara multistage rọketi na chọrọ echiche nke na-eke a ala-Earth orbit ohere nke obodo a. Tsiolkovsky gosipụtara n'ụzọ na nanị ụzọ maka ohere ọzọ bụ a rọketi. Ntụgharị unit onwem ugboelu, refillable mmanụ a na oxidizer. Naanị ndị dị otú ahụ a agha bụ nwee ike imeri ike nke ike ndọda na-efe gafee nke Ụwa ikuku.

ohere Exploration

Nkeji edemede Tsiolkovsky bipụtara na ruo n'oge "Scientific Review", mma maka ọkà mmụta sayensị aha ọrọ. Arụmụka ya na ọ dịghị onye kpọrọ.

Tsiolkovsky echiche emejuputa atumatu oru site Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị. Edu Sergeem Pavlovichem Korolevym, ha na ulo oru mbụ wuru Earth satellite. October 4, 1957, a unit enyefe orbit a rọketi na a ugboelu engine. Ọrụ Rd dabeere na ntughari nke chemical ike, nke na-ebugharị a iyi nke manu gas, mbịne n'ime kinetic ike. Na nke a na-agha bụ na-efegharị na-agbara direction.

Jet engine, ụkpụrụ nke nke e ji mee ihe ruo ọtụtụ afọ, okụt ya ngwa ọ bụghị nanị na ohere kamakwa ụgbọelu. Ma mgbe ọ na-eji na ẹkedori Tammy. N'ihi na nání Rd bụ ike ịkwaga ngwaọrụ ke ohere, nke kọrọ ọ bụla ọkara.

Liquid ugboelu engine

Onye ọ bụla gbara si a égbè ma ọ bụ nanị na-ele usoro si n'èzí, maara na e nwere bụ ikike ga-adọpụ ogwe azụ. Ọzọkwa, mgbe ndị ọzọ na-alaghachi na-elekọta na-abawanye. Dị nnọọ na-arụ ọrụ na ugboelu engine. Ya na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ bụ yiri otú azụ ogwe repulsion emee n'okpuru ihe nke ugboelu nke na-ekpo ọkụ, haruru.

Na-akwanyere ndị agha, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-hazie, n'oge nke mgbanye nke ngwakọta emee, ọ bụ nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aga n'ihu. Nke a bụ ihe kasị dị mfe, siri ike-propellant moto. Ọ na-ọma nile maara nlereanya rọketi.

Na mmiri mmiri ugboelu engine (LRE) n'ịwa a na-arụ ọrụ na-ajụ ma ọ bụ na nzube nke ugboelu, a ngwakọta esịnede mmanụ a na oxidant. Nke ikpeazụ,-ekwu nitric acid ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri oxygen. The mmanụ ụgbọala na rọketi engine bụ kerosin.

The na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke a ugboelu engine na kemgbe na samples echekwara ruo ugbu oge. Naanị ugbu a, mmiri mmiri hydrogen na-eji nime ya. Na ọxịdashọn nke umi kpọmkwem na-akwadoghị akwado na-mụbaa, jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ expander ozugbo site 30%. Ọ bụ uru na-ekwu na echiche nke eji hydrogen e chọrọ site Tsiolkovsky. Otú ọ dị, ẹdude n'oge ahụ, ihe ịma aka nke na-arụ ọrụ na nke a ukwuu na-agbawa agbawa umi bụ nanị irresistible.

Gịnị bụ na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke a ugboelu engine? The mmanụ a na oxidant tinye na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na site iche iche tankị. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a akakabarede nke mmiri na ngwakọta. Ọ asakde, mgbe imesi ezigbo ego nke okpomọkụ nrụgide na iri puku kwuru iri atmospheres.

The mmiri nke na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na nke a ugboelu engine abịa dị iche iche. The oxidant na ẹkenam ebe a ozugbo. Ma mmanụ ụgbọala na-aga a ogologo ụzọ n'etiti ime-ulo na nozulu mgbidi. E nwere ya heats na, na-ama na-enwe a elu okpomọkụ, ọ na-atụba combustion mpaghara site ọtụtụ nozzles. Ọzọkwa, ugboelu kpụrụ akpụ site na nozulu atugharị na-ahụ ụgbọ elu na-anapụta ndị push ebe. Nke ahụ bụ otú ị nwere ike ịgwa nke bụ ụkpụrụ nke a ugboelu engine ọrụ (nkenke). Na nke a nkọwa ekwughị ọtụtụ n'ime mmiri, na-enweghị LRE ọrụ ahụ ga-ekwe omume. Otu n'ime ndị a compressors na-mkpa ka ịmepụta chọrọ mgbali maka ọgwụ valvụ, ọkọnọ nke tobaim na t. D.

oge a na ojiji

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na-arụ ọrụ nke a ugboelu engine achọ ihe mmanụ ụgbọala rọketi engine na-aga n'ihu na-eje ozi ndị taa. Ha na-eji dị ka a isi propulsion rọketi Motors, nakwa dị ka ihe dị iche iche shunting ugboelu na ohere ụgbọ. The ụgbọelu na-eji ndị ọzọ ụdị taxiways, nke bụ dịtụ iche arụmọrụ na imewe.

Mmepe nke ụgbọelu

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20, na oge nke ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị mmadụ nọ na-efe efe naanị propela ụgbọ elu. Ndị a na ngwaọrụ a na-onwem na esịtidem combustion engines. Otú ọ dị, na-enwe ọganihu na-adịghị ada ka. Na ya mmepe e nwere mkpa ka ike a ọzọ dị ike na kasị na ụgbọ elu. Otú ọ dị, ụgbọelu na-eche a yiri unsolvable nsogbu. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ọbụna a nta na-abawanye na engine ike na-budata ụba ugbo elu ibu. Otú ọ dị, a ụzọ chọtara ihe England Frank Will. O nwere a ọhụrụ engine, a na-akpọ reactive. Nke a mepụtara nyere a ike kwalite mmepe nke ụgbọelu.

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke a ugboelu engine ugbo elu yiri ihe omume nke a ọkụ sooks. Ya sooks nwere a mkpafa ọgwụgwụ. Asọ asọ site dị warara oghere, mmiri nke ukwu enwekwu ya ike ọsọ. Kere na ike nke azụ mgbali bụ ike nke na ọkụ siiri ya ike ijide n'aka na sooks. N'ihi ya na omume nke na mmiri nwere ike kọwara site n'eziokwu, ihe bụ ụkpụrụ nke ugboelu engine.

ramjet Rd

Nke a na ụdị ugboelu engine bụ mfe. Eweta ya nwere ike ịbụ na ụdị a anwụrụ na-emeghe nsọtụ, nke a na-n'ịnyịnya na-akpụ akpụ ụgbọelu. Ke n'ihu akụkụ nke ya cross-ngalaba kọwakwuru. Site na nke a Ọdịdị, ndị na-abata ikuku ebelata ya ọsọ, na ya mgbali na-abawanye. The widest akụkụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ a anwụrụ a combustion ụlọ. E pụtara na-agbanye mmanụ na ya ụdi combustion. Dị otú ahụ kpo oku usoro enyere kpụrụ gas na ike mgbasa. N'ihi ya, ọ a ugboelu engine nzube. Mkpụrụ ya na ihe niile nke otu gas, mgbe wetara na a ike outwards si warara njedebe nke tube. Ọ bụ nke a agụụ na-agụ na-eme ka ụgbọelu ada.

iji nsogbu

Ramjet engines nwere ụfọdụ drawbacks. Ha na-enwe ike na-arụ ọrụ na na na ụgbọelu, nke bụ na-efegharị. The ugbo elu, nke bụ na a ala nke fọduru, Na-Line Rd actuate ike. Iji ebuli n'ime ikuku a ụgbọelu mkpa ọ bụla ọzọ Starter moto.

agwa

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke a ugboelu engine turbojet ugbo elu ụdị, nke bụ nke na-enweghị ihe ọghọm Ram Rd, ekwe ka ụgbọelu ike kacha elu ugbo elu. Olee otú nke a mepụtara?

The isi mmewere dị na a turbojet engine, - a gas tobaim. Site n'enyemaka nke chụpụrụ ikuku Compressor, agafe nke abịakọrọ ikuku na-eduzi na a pụrụ iche ụlọ. Ihe combustion nke mmanụ ụgbọala (a a kerosin) ngwaahịa ada on tobaim pupụtara karịa ibi ya n'ime ihe. Ọzọ, elu-igwe-gas eruba na-aga n'ime nozulu, nke accelerates elu velocities na-emepụta ihe buru oke ibu reactive ike nke nzube.

ike na-abawanye

Mere traction ike dịkwuo budata na a obere oge. N'ihi nke a, ndị afterburning. Ọ bụ ihe na ịgbanye ọzọ mmanụ ụgbọala n'ime gas stream gbanahụrụ tobaim. The ejibeghi oxygen na tobaim eme ka combustion nke manu oku, nke enwekwu nzube nke engine. Na elu gbapụrụ ọsọ ọ enwekwu ya uru esịmde 70%, mgbe obere - 25-30%.