Oxidative nchegbu: ọrụ nke usoro, nke na-egosi

Nchegbu na-atụle ga-abụghị kpọmkwem omume niile nke ahụ ihe nke esịtidem ma ọ bụ mpụga ihe. Nke a definition ẹkenam n'ime omume nke H. Selye (Canadian physiologist). Ọ bụla ihe ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ pụrụ ịkpasu nchegbu. Otú ọ dị, otu onye nwere ike ịmata ihe dị iche na otu n'ime na-akpọ ya isi na-akpata mmeghachi omume ahụ.

atụmatụ

Mgbe ị na-atụle mmeghachi omume dị adịghị mkpa ma ọnọdụ (ụtọ ma ọ bụ wetara ya) dị ke idem. Of mmasị bụ osisi ike nke mmegharị mkpa ma ọ bụ mmegharị n'okpuru ọnọdụ. The ahụ bụ isi na-emetụta mgbakasi gị n'ụlọnga na-emegide ya ike ikwu flexibly na imeghari ka ọnọdụ. N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ise na-esonụ ọgwụgwụ. Nchegbu bụ ihe mgbagwoju agbanwe Ibọrọ nyere site ahụ bụrụ na nke mmetụta na-akpata. Nke a na onu a na-akpọ na sayensị n'ozuzu mmegharị syndrome.

ogbo

Mmegharị syndrome n'akparamagwa nkebi. Ụzọ bịa ogbo nke nchegbu. The ahụ na a ogbo egosipụta a kpọmkwem mmeghachi omume mmetụta. Agba nke abụọ - Nguzogide. Mgbe a na ogbo ahu na-na-emegharị ka jirichaa ọnọdụ. Ikpeazụ ogbo nke gwụrụ emee. Ruo gara aga nkebi nke organism eji ya mee. Ntem, ikpeazụ ogbo ha na-budata depleted. N'ihi ya, n'ime ahụ na-amalite bughi rearrangements. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ mgbe ọ bụ ezughị na-adị ndụ. Ntem, irreparable ike na-echekwa na-depleted, ahụ na-akwụsị imeghari.

oxidative nchegbu

и прооксиданты при тех или иных условиях приходят в неустойчивое состояние. Antioxidant usoro na pro-oxidants n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ abịa n'ime ihe ejighị n'aka ala. The mejupụtara nke ikpeazụ ọcha gụnyere ihe nile na na-arụsi ọrụ na-ewusi ike guzobe free radicals ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ reactive umu dị ka oxygen. могут быть представлены разными агентами. Primary usoro nke jọgburu mmetụta nke oxidative nchegbu nwere ike na-anọchite anya dị iche iche mmadụ. Ndị a nwere ike cellular ihe: ntụpọ na mitochondrial respiration, kpọmkwem enzymes. могут быть и внешними. The usoro nke oxidative nchegbu pụrụ ịbụ mpụga. Ndị a, akpan akpan, na-agụnye ise siga, ọgwụ, ikuku ndu na na.

free radicals

Ha na-mgbe niile na-kpụrụ n'ime ahụ mmadụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-kpatara random chemical n'ibu. Dị ka ihe atụ, e nwere hydroxyl radicals (OH). Ha dị jikọtara a mgbe nile n'ebe ionizing radieshon na ala etoju nke superoxide ntọhapụ ruru elektrọn leakage na ha iga yinye. N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, omume nke radicals ruru ka ebighị nke phagocytes na mmepụta nke nitric oxide site endothelial mkpụrụ ndụ.

The usoro nke oxidative nchegbu

Filiks omume nke free buu na okwu organism omume dị ziri ezi. Na nke a, ọ bụ nnọọ mfe ịkwaga ikwu itule na ihu ọma nke radicals. . Dị ka a n'ihi nke akwusila cell n'ihi mmiri ọgwụ na oxidative nchegbu emee. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọcha na a ọnọdụ anabata a agafeghị oke ogo ahaghị nhata. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ na reparative owuwu. Ha mata na wepu mebiri emebi ụmụ irighiri. Ikpeazụ ebe ọhụrụ ihe na-abata. . Ke adianade do, mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ikike welie nchedo, na nzaghachi oxidative nchegbu. Dị ka ihe atụ, òké na-enịm ke ọnọdụ na-agwaghị agwa oxygen, anwụ mgbe a ụbọchị ole na ole. Ọ bụ kwuru na na nkịtị ikuku nwere banyere 21% O _2. Ọ bụrụ na mmetụta na ụmụ anụmanụ nke nta nke nta na-amụba doses nke oxygen, ha ka ha chebe ga-sikwuo ike. N'ihi nwere ike nweta na oke ma nwee ike nyefee 100% O ₂ ịta. способен вызвать серьезные разрушения или гибель клеток. O sina dị, a ike oxidative nchegbu nwere ike ime ka oké njọ mmebi ma ọ bụ cell ọnwụ.

ịmụba ihe

Dị ka n'elu kwuru banyere, ahụ itule na-nọgidere na-enwe free radicals na nchebe. вызывается как минимум двумя причинами. Site na nke a anyị pụrụ ikwubi na oxidative nchegbu kpatara ihe abuo. Nke mbụ bụ iji belata nchedo ọrụ. Nke abụọ bụ na-amụba guzobe radicals ruo n'ókè na antioxidants na-enweghị ike neutralize ha.

Belata echebe omume

Ọ maara na ndị antioxidant usoro bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu dabere na kwesịrị ekwesị oriri na-edozi. Ntem, ọ nwere ike kwubiri na Mbelata ke nchedo nke ahụ bụ n'ihi ogbenye nri. O yiri ka ọtụtụ ụmụ mmadụ na ọrịa na-kpatara erughi nke antioxidant nri. Ka ihe atụ, neurodegeneration achọpụtara n'ihi erighị ihe na-na ọrịa onye apụghị ịgbari abụba vitamin E kwesịrị ekwesị. E nwekwara ihe àmà na-egosi na HIV nje na-ndị mmadụ, weghachiri ojoo lymphocytes glutathione na nnọọ ala kasịnụ.

ise siga

Ọ bụ otu n'ime isi ihe na-eme ka oxidative nchegbu na akpa ume na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ anụ ahụ nke ahụ. Anwụrụ ọkụ na resin ọgaranya radicals. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ike nke na-awakpo molekul na Lower ịta nke vitamin E na C. Anwụrụ ọkụ iwe ka akpa ume macrophages, si otú na-amị superoxide. Na ngụgụ nke na-ese siga e nwere ihe ọzọ neutrophils karịa ndị na-abụghị naghị ese anwụrụ. Ụtaba ọjọọ, ndị mmadụ na-eri-agụghị oké na-eri na-aba n'anya. Ntem, ha ebelatawo agbachitere. провоцирует тяжелые нарушения клеточного метаболизма. Adịghị ala ala oxidative nchegbu akpalite a oké mebiri nke cellular metabolism.

Mgbanwe ke idem

N'ihi na-achọpụta ọrịa na nzube, na-eji a dịgasị iche iche nke nrịbama nke oxidative nchegbu. Ndị a ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ mgbanwe ahụ na-egosi kpọmkwem saịtị ọgba aghara na ihe, ikpasu Ya. : Ke ọmụmụ ndị e guzobere free radicals na mmepe nke multiple sclerosis iji ndị dị otú ahụ na-egosi nke oxidative nchegbu:

1. Malondialdehyde. Ọ na-eme nke abụọ ngwaahịa nke free buu ọxịdashọn (CPO) lipids na nwere a jọgburu utịp ke Ọdịdị na ọrụ nke na akpụkpọ ahụ. Nke a na n'aka-eduga onye na-abawanye na ha permeability ka calcium ion. Ịba ịta nke malondialdehyde na N'ezie nke bụ isi na sekọndrị-aga n'ihu multiple sclerosis nzọụkwụ mbụ na-akwado oksislitelnogo nchegbu - ebighị nke free buu ọxịdashọn.
2. Schiff isi bụ ọgwụgwụ ngwaahịa nke sro-edozi na lipids. Ịba ịta nke Schiff bases-egosi àgwà nke na-adịghị ala ebighị nke free buu ọxịdashọn. Na ubara ịta nke malondialdehyde na mgbakwunye na nke ngwaahịa na nke isi na abụọ na-aga n'ihu sclerosis nwere akara mmalite nke na-ebibi ihe usoro. Ọ idu ke fragmentation na ụdi mbibi nke ndị na membranes. Elu etoju nke Schiff bases na-egosikwa akpa ogbo nke oxidative nchegbu.
3. Vitamin E. Ọ bụ a ndu antioxidant interacts na free radicals na lipid peroxides. ụgbọ dị arọ ngwaahịa guzobere mmeghachi omume. Vitamin E na-oxidized. Ọ na-atụle irè neutralizer nke singlet oxygen. Ẹsụhọde ọrụ nke vitamin E na ọbara-egosi ihe ahaghị nhata na-abụghị enzymatic njikọ AO3 usoro - nke abụọ ngọngọ nke oxidative nchegbu.

mmetụta

? Gịnị bụ ọrụ nke oxidative nchegbu? Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na exposures bụghị nanị na akpụkpọ ahụ lipids na-edozi ahụ, ma carbohydrates. Ke adianade do, mgbanwe na-amalite na mmiri ọgwụ na endocrine usoro. Active enzyme thymus lymphocytes Ọdịdị mbelata, enwekwu larịị nke neurotransmitters, homonụ na-amalite na-wepụtara. Mgbe nchegbu amalite oxidizing nucleic asịd, ndi na-edozi, hydrocarbons, enwekwu n'ozuzu ọdịnaya nke lipids na ọbara. Enwekwukwa ntọhapụ nke adrenocorticotropic hormone n'ihi kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ disintegration ATP na Camp omume. Ikpeazụ otú activates protein kinez. Ọ, n'aka nke ya, na-eme ka òkè nke ATP phosphorylation cholinesterase mgbanwo cholesterol esters na cholesterol free. Enhancement nke protein njikọ, RNA, DNA, mgbe n'out oge glycogen nchikota ndi mmadu di nke na-ebusa abụba, ọdụdụ anụ ahụ ire ere (elu) asịd na glucose na-akpata oxidative nchegbu. считается одним из наиболее серьезных последствий процесса. Ịka nká bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị njọ na-esi nke usoro. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a na-eto eto ihe nke thyroid homonụ. Ọ na-enye a na-agba ụkpụrụ BMR - uto na iche nke anụ ahụ, protein, lipid, carbohydrate metabolism. Ọrụ dị mkpa maka glucagon na insulin. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara, glucose omume dị ka a mgbaàmà maka ebighị nke adenylate cyclase, na tsMAF - n'ihi na mmepụta nke insulin. All a na-eduga onye intensification nke ire ere nke glycogen na muscle na imeju, selata biosynthesis nke carbohydrates na-edozi ahụ, ibelata glucose ọxịdashọn. Amalite a na-adịghị mma nitrogen itule, enwekwu ịta nke cholesterol na ndị ọzọ na lipids na ọbara. Glikagon akwalite guzobe glucose, na-egbochi ya decomposition na lactic acid. Na nke a, ọ jupụtara ná eduga ụba gluconeogenesis. Usoro a bụ njikọ nke na-abụghị carbohydrate ngwaahịa na glucose. Dị ka ndị mbụ eme pyruvic acid na lactic acid, glycerol, nakwa dị ka ọ bụla ogige nke a pụrụ ịgbanwe na catabolism nke pyruvate na ma otu n'ime n'etiti ọcha trikarbonovokislotnogo okirikiri. Isi substrates na-amino asịd na lactate. A isi ọrụ na mgbanwe nke carbohydrates bụ glucose-6-phosphate. Nke a compound n'ike n'ike slows fosfoliriticheskogo glycogen mmebi. Glucose 6-phosphate rụọ ọrụ enzyme glucose iga na uridindifosfoglyukozy synthesized glycogen. The compound nwekwara-eme dị ka a mkpụrụ maka ụdi mgbanwe glycolytic. Ọnụ na nke a bụ a na-eto eto njikọ nke gluconeogenic enzymes. Karịsịa, ọ na-ahụkarị nke phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Ọ na-ekpebi na-agba nke usoro na akụrụ na imeju. The ruru nke gluconeogenesis na glycolysis akọwa nri. The glucocorticoids eme ihe dị ka inducers nke enzyme njikọ.

ketone ozu

Ha na-eme ka a ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala suppliers maka akụrụ, mọzụlụ. Mgbe oxidative nchegbu ego nke ketone ozu na-ụba. Ha na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a regulator iji gbochie oké nchikota ndi mmadu di nke ọdụdụ asịd si ebusa. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ anụ ahụ na-amalite ike ụkọ n'ihi na eziokwu na glucose ruru ka insulin erughi bụghị ike banye n'ime n'ime cell. Na elu kasịnụ nke ọdụdụ asịd na plasma enwekwu ha absorption na ọxịdashọn nke imeju, na-enwekwu ike nke triglyceride njikọ. All a na-eduga onye na-abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ketone ozu.

Ọzọkwa

Science maara na a onu ka "oxidative nchegbu osisi." Ọ bụ kwuru na ajụjụ nke omenala specificity imeghari ka a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe na-anọgide na controversial taa. Ụfọdụ dere kwere na n'ọnọdụ ọjọọ mgbagwoju Jeremaya mere, nke a eluigwe na ala uwa. Ọrụ bụ na ọ bụghị ọdịdị nke ihe na-akpata. Ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ na-arụ ụka na nkwụsi ike nke ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpebisi ike site kpọmkwem Ibọrọ. Bu, na mmeghachi omume bụ ezigbo ihe na-akpata. Ka ọ dịgodị, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekweta na na na-abụghị kpọmkwem na kpọmkwem Ibọrọ ime. Na nke a, na n'oge gara aga bụ mgbe niile kwere omume ịchọpụta megide ndabere nke ọtụtụ eluigwe na ala Jeremaya mere.