Palmitic acid. Properties, mmepụta, ngwa

Palmitic acid (aha ọzọ - hexadecanoic) - a jupụta monocarboxylic (ọdụdụ) acid. The kasị ke uwa. N'ihi na oge mbụ a umi na-achọta na nkwụ na mmanụ. Esters na salts nke a acid a na-akpọ palmitate. Ọtụtụ nke esters nke crystallinity na yiri wax. Ọ nwere ndị na-esonụ chemical usoro: CH3 (CH2) 14COOH. Na ya ahụrụ anya usoro bụ: C16H32O2.

Ịchọta palmitic acid na ọdịdị

A ihe onwunwe bụ, dị ka a akụkụ nke ọtụtụ ndị glycerides nke mmanụ nke akwukwo nri si na anụmanụ abụba. Ka ihe atụ, ọ na-agụnye soybean mmanụ 6.5%, palm mmanụ - 38-47%, mmanu - 30%. Ke adianade do, hexadecanoic acid bụ onye so ụfọdụ waxes: na spermaceti nwere 90% spam whale hexadecanoic acid cetyl Ester, na mgbá aṅụ banyere 30% na myristyl ether. Na anụmanụ ntule palmitic acid bụ ọgwụgwụ ngwaahịa nke ọdụdụ acid njikọ si acetyl-CoA.

N'ụdị hexadecanoic acid glyceride na mejupụtara nwere a palm mmanụ, a akwukwo nri abụba Chinese na North American mkpụrụ osisi na Croton sebiferum Stillinga sebifera, mkpụrụ Rhus succedanea (a wax), a wax mirikonovom beri Myrica cerifera, na lanolin. Na a free ala palmitic acid a hụrụ na mkpụrụ nke paprika na esemokwu Lycopodium na cadaveric wax (isi akụkụ).

Physical Njirimara nke palmitic acid:

1. ọnọdụ (n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ ọnọdụ) - colorless kristal.

2. ezengwenri uka bụ 256, 43 g / mol.

3. The njupụta dị 0,841 g / cm³.

Kwes Njirimara nke palmitic acid:

1. The agbaze okpomọkụ bụ 62,9 Celsius C.

2. The esi ebe hà 105 ° C (na 0.01 mmHg. V.) Ndien 167 ° C (na 1 mm HG. V.).

3. Flash mgbe hà 192 Celsius C.

4. The ezengwenri okpomọkụ ike (na nkịtị ọnọdụ) bụ 460 J / (mol · K).

Gịnị bụ chemical Njirimara nke hexadecanoic acid?

1. Solubility na mmiri bụ hà 0.0007 (na 20 ° C).

2. Solubility na ethanol bụ 2600 (na 7,2 ° C).

3. Palmitic acid bụ moderately soluble na benzene na acetone.

Optical Njirimara nke palmitic acid:

1. The Refractive index bụ 1,4219.

Nkwadebe nke palmitic acid

Nke a na umi nwere ike nwetara na ọtụtụ ụzọ:

1. Site fractional crystallization ma ọ bụ retifikatsii si mixtures nke ọdụdụ asịd nke a kwadebere site saponification nke abụba ma ọ bụ paraffins ọxịdashọn.

2. Mgbe cetyl mmanya site kpo oku na lime na sodium na 270 ° C (Dumas na Stas).

C16H33OH (cetyl mmanya) + O2 (oxygen) = C15H31COOH + H2 O (mmiri)

3. N'elu agbaze elaidic (oleic acid) na sodium hydroxide:

CH3 (CH2) 7CH (oleic acid) = Kra (CH2) 7SOON + H2O (mmiri) + O = C15H31COOH (palmitic acid usoro) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

4. Ọ bụrụ na ndị nitric acid ọxịdashọn nke 2-oktodekanonom:

CH3 (CH2) 15-CO-CH3 + 3o (oxygen) = C15H31COOH (hexadecanoic acid) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

5. na ihe a nwere ike synthesized site na usoro nke cyanide yodyura pentadecylic mmanya:

C15H31J + KCN (cyano compound) = King James Version + C15H31-CN;

C15H31-CN (cyano compound) + 2H2O (mmiri) = C15H31COOH (ewepụtara umi) + NH3

Ebe eji palmitic acid?

1. Weere kọntaktị ihe onwunwe na-eji na rụpụta napalm stearin (a pụrụ iche ngwakọta na stearic acid), opaque ịchọ mma dị iche iche detergents, plasticizers na lubricants. Usoro nke a acid a na-eji maka imewe nke kandụl.

2. Calcium palmitate eji dị ka akụrụngwa nke ikwọ maka nchebe megide mmiri na mmiri (mmiri-repellency) nke anụ ahụ, dị iche iche na akwa, na nke osisi, na-abụghị uzo ntecha na etemeete.

3. Ọzọkwa, sodium palmitate na-eji dị ka akụrụngwa (a thickener) nke ụlọ mposi na ezinụlọ ncha emulsifier esịnede ịchọ mma preparations.

4. The mkpa methyl palmitate palmitic acid na ụfọdụ nke ya emepụta, hexadecanol. Ọzọkwa, a umi na-eji dị ka ekpomeekpo ihe oriri.

5. mbụ edu nnu hexadecanoic acid-eji maka mmepụta nke na-emepụta ọgwụ patches.