Phenol formaldehyde resin. Nkwado na ngwa. Njirimara

Phenol-formaldehyde resin bụ resin mmezigharị nwere ihe ndị dị na thermosets ma ọ bụ thermosets. Ụdị resin bụ oligomeric ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri nke a na-enweta site na polycondensation nke formaldehyde na phenol na acidic ma ọ bụ alkaline ọkara (nkuzi, novolac resins ma ọ bụ bakelites). Nke a na-emetụta ihe onwunwe nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.

Njirimara nke phenol-formaldehyde resins

Phenol-formaldehyde resin (usoro ahụ bụ (-C6H3 (OH) -CH2-] n) nwere nnukwu ụlọ ọkụ eletrik, ezigbo ntụpọ na nkwụsị ngwaọrụ. Zuru nke ọma soluble na aromatic na aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones na chlorinated solvents. Ọ na-agbakasịkwa na ngwọta pola na ọgwụ ngwọta nke alkalis. Mgbe a gwọsịrị, phenol-formaldehyde resins na-agbanwe ghọọ ndị polymers jikọtara cross-cross nke microheterogeneous amorphous atumatu.

Ebee ka a na-eji phenol-formaldehyde resin mee ihe?

- na mmepụta plastik: a na-akpọ resins obi tara mmiri dị ka resins, kwụsie ike n'ihu acid sulfonic nke mmanụ ala - site na carbolites, n'ihu ọnụ lactic acid - site neoleucrinates;

- na mmepụta nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe, ihe ndị e ji ebu ígwè, bọmbụ breeze, bọl bita;

- site na carbolite (obi tara mmiri phenol-formaldehyde resin), a na-etinye ikpe nke multimers nke ụfọdụ ụdị Soviet;

- kwa umi-eji dị ka a nragide n'ihi na mmepụta nke ejupụta ịkpụzi ikwọ dị iche iche na fillers (osisi ntụ ọka, iko eriri, cellulose), chipboard na fibreboard, agbapụtara na impregnating ikwọ (maka jupụtara eriri na kpara ihe maka plywood) Adhesives.

Phenol-formaldehyde resin: nkwadebe na nkà mmụta ụlọ

Ma formaldehyde na phenol, ndị e ji mee ihe na phenol-formaldehyde resin, bụ nsị na nke ọkụ ọkụ. Phenol-formaldehyde resin na-emetụta ahụ mmadụ: na-akpata eczema na dermatitis. Ọzọkwa, formaldehyde nwekwara mmetụta nke carcinogenic.  

Bakelite bụ ngwaahịa nke ịmepụta nke phenol-formaldehyde resin n'ihu ọnụ. Ihe a dị oké mkpa n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche nke ndụ mmadụ. Bakelite na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ, ma na-egosipụta ezigbo nguzogide mgbochi mberede: ujo, ujo, esemokwu, ma ọ bụ nrụgide. Enwere ike ịmịnye ya na ụda pụrụ iche. Ọ bụ ezigbo insulator. Alkaline, acids na mmiri anaghị agbaghara ya, ma e wezụga maka sulfuric concentrated ma ọ bụ nitric asịd. Na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị ogo + 300, ebe okpomọkụ dị elu anaghị eme.

E kere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-anọchite anya shellac - nke a pụrụ iche, nke na-eme ka ikpuru na-egbuke egbuke na-ekpo ọkụ.

Phenoplasts. Ngwa

Phenoplasts bụ plastik nke a na-enweta site na hardening formaldehyde resins na elu dị elu ya na ihe ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe a abụghị ihe onwunwe ya. Site n'iji phenolists emepụta:

- ihe echere maka imepụta mbadamba sekit dị iche iche - getinaks;

- ihe abuo maka ịmepụta ihe ederede - textolite;

- ihe na-efughi ego maka egwuregwu ikuku - nyocha, dominoes, chess;

- ụfọdụ ọcha nke kichin ngwa: ejiri maka gas stoves, kettles na mma, ite na pans;

- gluu bakelito-phenolic;

- eletriki ngwaahịa - n'oghere ya, plọg, electric mita, switches, relays, electric moto housings, nkwụsị igbe, magnetik actuators, etc.;

- akụkụ maka injinia engine, dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro maka nchịkọta, ndụmọdụ dị iche iche na ịṅụ;

- ejiji ejiji, ihe ncheta, ụlọ ọrụ, nkọwa ụfọdụ nke nche.