PODZOLIC ala na-enwe mmetụta podsolic usoro. Ya kacha ikpughe gosiri na coniferous ọhịa.

Ọ bụ ebe a nwere niile dị mkpa ọnọdụ ya Itie: mmiri iwepụ mode, mmeghachi omume - anụ-acidic, corrosive organic asịd.

-Awụba n'oké osimiri na-anọchi anya tumadi eriri, tannins na lignin, ya mmeghachi omume - acidic, ma calcium oxide na e dere ezughi oke. Ọ akadiahade tumadi dịkwa ka usoro ha, na ọ na-akwalite guzobe corrosive fulvic asịd. Ke adianade do, na elu n'ígwé nke ala gụrụ ike saa si soluble ogige ma ukwuu mbibi nke ala mineral. N'oge ndị a Filiks igbari ngwaahịa mbibi na, ya na ihe acid na mmiri na-omitted n'okpuru.

N'ihi - guzo iche podzolic ma ọ bụ eluvial mmiri, nke na-ala ike mmewere maka osisi, sesqui oxides nke níle Önwa na ígwè, ájá ahụ, ma a otutu crystalline quartz (SiO2) na amorphous silica (SiO2 • H2 O) na nke a mmiri na ẹsiode ya ìhè isi awọ na agba, yiri agba nke ash.

Ụfọdụ ndị bekee na e saa si podsolic mmiri na-awụba n'oké osimiri, na ofu n'okpuru eluvial oyi akwa na-etolite a mmiri washout - illuvial oyi akwa. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ ihe ụrọ colloidal ahụ ígwè oxides na aluminum, site ogige ma ụfọdụ nke humus. The agba nke a mmiri na-abụkarị ọbara ọbara-agba aja aja.

A ụfọdụ ego nke bekee nke e saa si elu esịmde nke subsoil mmiri na-efu na ala profaịlụ. Ya mere, ọdịdị zuru oke nke podzolic usoro egosipụta onwe ya mbibi nke minerals n'elu nke ala n'okpuru nduzi nke ihe acid mmeghachi omume na ụdi redistribution nke ngwaahịa nke mbibi ha na dum profaịlụ. Ọ na-kweere na nke a nwere ike ime na Nchikota na lessivage (mwepụ nke elu ala n'ígwé nke ụrọ ahụ na-enweghị na-ebibi ha mebere atumatu).

Podzolic ala profaịlụ nwere ndị na-esonụ Ọdịdị: A 2 O + A + B + C

A O - a-awụba n'oké osimiri, a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 3 - 5 sentimita, nke ndị mejupụtara obere akadiahade na undecomposed residues akpaetu, lichen, ndudu, iberibe n'ụgbụgbọ na dị ka.

A 2 - bụ eluvial ma ọ bụ podzolic oyi akwa bụ whitish ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha-agba ntụ, na-enwe a na-emebi emebi stratified-platy Ọdịdị ma ọ bụ kpam kpam structureless, ọkpụrụkpụ nke ọ bụla karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke otu mita.

B - bụ illuvial red-aja aja ma ọ bụ aja aja oyi akwa oké, na-enwe a prismatic ma ọ bụ blocky Ọdịdị, a ọkpụrụkpụ nke otu mita, ọ nwere ike kere n'ime subhorizons - B 1, B 2, na na.

C - bụ nne na nna rock na-anọchi anya na-akasị carbonate-free ụrọ ma ọ bụ loam. Na ókè-ala nke-awụba n'oké osimiri na podsolic mmiri nwere ike igbunye oyi akwa A 0 A 1, a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 2 - 3 cm, esịnede a ọma na ala nke-awụba n'oké osimiri akadiahade ma ọ bụ acha bekee humus elu oyi akwa ịnweta profaịlụ A 1 A 2.

Podzolic ala na Njirimara ọjọọ ịkọ na ya. The humus mmiri e nwere ihe fọrọ ọ dịghị ihe merenụ - ike acidic (onye Onyenwe anyị + = 4.0-4.5), ya absorption ikike - si 3 15 mg • Eq / 100 grams nke ala, nke bụ nnọọ obere. Ke adianade do, podzolic obere jupụta na bases - si 30 40%.

Nri ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka site, potassium, nitrogen na ndị ọzọ bụkwa obere. Podsolic ala structureless, igwu mmiri mgbe mmiri ozuzo na ụdị a zuru ezu oké achicha mgbe ihicha. All nke a nwere a na-adịghị mma utịp ke osisi.

N'ihi na cultivation nke ndị dị otú ahụ ala, ha ga-limed, ka elu ụkpụrụ nke ma organic na ịnweta nri. Ubi podzolic Ona mkpa a omimi nke 24 sentimita ma hụ na ọgwụgwọ ha dị ka iwu si.