Silage nri: na nkà mmụta sayensị ndabere na uru

Silage technology na-enye ọtụtụ uru anụmanụ. The usoro na-enye ohere na-enye ihe n'ahụ anụ ụlọ oriri isi mgbe ọ bụla nke afọ. Ọ bụrụ na omenala hay na-enye maka njigide nke 70% nke ịnweta ọcha, silage enwekwu a ọnụ ọgụgụ site 20%. Na ọtụtụ ụzọ a na-enweta site n'ịnọgide na-enwe gburugburu ebe na-egbochi ndị na-ezighị ezi usoro nke ire ere nke ọcha, otu nke protein. Ọtụtụ ihe, na silage pụrụ ime ndokwa ọbụna ọnọdụ nke ugbo nta. N'ezie, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere obere mpịakọta na na a kacha nta nke oru n'aka na-echebekwa ndị na nzukọ, ma n'ihi na a na-ahụkarị onwe ala nwere ike ịbụ irè usoro.

General na nkà mmụta sayensị ntọala nke silage

The usoro nke na-nri na-na-iji na huu kacha lekwasịrị oru na mkpa nri. Ya mere, dabeere na ensiling nri ụgha mgbagwoju Biochemical Jeremaya mere na nke dịtụ ichekwa ọhụrụ, ma na ok na mma osisi uka. Technologists ewepu ikuku mbanye n'ọdịnihu eri nri n'oge ichebe, n'ihi na ìgwè organic asịd. Karịsịa, ọ na-arụpụta lactic acid, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa na pụtara nke huu ichebe mmetụta. Ọzọkwa kpụrụ ke akpa nkebi nke nchekwa na-ajụ-egbochi Biochemical arọ nke spoilage na decomposition.

E nwere ike ịbụ a ajụjụ nke ebe bụ otú dị mkpa maka ichebe mma ihe onwunwe ọnọdụ. Ọ bụkwa n'ebe a otu n'ime ndị isi uru nke technology. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na silage na-fọrọ nke nta na-ewebata pụrụ iche modifiers na mmadụ. All nke Filiks aa na N'ezie nke ichebe, eke na dabeere na-arụ ọrụ nke obodo osisi enzymes bara uru microorganisms na-esi n'ime nri ahịhịa ndụ.

Nke na-emetụta àgwà nke silage?

Qualitative e ji mara nke silage uka adabere abụọ ihe - ya fineness na iru mmiri. Ezigbo lactic mmeghachi omume usoro kpebisiri ike site a ziri ezi ịta nke sugars na ndị ọzọ mmiri na ahihia ihe ọṅụṅụ. Mgbe nnukwu iru mmiri enwekwu ihe ize ndụ nke diluting na sugar isi, nke bụ ụzọ kasị mma na-emetụta ndị Njirimara nke okokụre ndepụta. N'aka nke ọzọ, oké nkụ, dị ka a na-achị, na-abanye a uka nke ọzọ na ikuku, nke na-ebelata ịdị irè nke na nchekwa umu onwe ya. Nke ezigbo ọnụego akuku ihe onwunwe mmiri ọdịnaya bụ banyere 70%. Banyere egweri, a na-akpata bụ yiri ka gara aga otu. Ọ bụrụ na ensiling nri na-emepụta na a iru mmiri nke 60%, na ọnwụ a rụrụ n'ime increments nke 2-3 cm. Mgbe 70% indentation n'etiti Mpekere kwesịrị 4-5 cm. Ọ bụrụ na iru mmiri egosi ụba 80%, na-egweri enye gaps 9 -10 cm. a melkotravyanistuyu ahihia nwere ike ịchekwa ke akpasarade ụdị ma e wezụga trudnouplotnyaemyh osisi na calloused.

Control nke microbiological Filiks

Anyị na-ama kwuru na uka nke silage na okwu nke nchekwa bụ onwe-zuru ezu. Ma, nke a nwere ike nweta ma ọ bụrụ na kwesịrị ekwesị ụkpụrụ nke Biochemical Filiks na a ga-mepụtara Isi nọ n'ọrụ mmewere - lactic acid. Isi ngwá maka ijikwa ya ọgbọ nwere ike na-akpọ nke gbochiri ohere oxygen. Ofụri Esịt-akàrà ohere ibe edokọbara enye elu-edu silage. Ebu na-abịa ikpe nke mebiri a na-achị, na imetụta àgwà nke uka. Karịsịa, aerobic fungi Mucor na Aspergillus ezinụlọ egosi na ikuku na-amalite irekasị bụghị naanị lactic acid ma protein mmiri na carbohydrates. Ọ bụrụ na e nweghị obi ike na ntụkwasị obi nke owuwu si ele ihe anya nke akara, ọ bụ ike ka ihe ndị ọzọ ihe eji egbochi mmebi iji oriri Mmeju n'ụdị molasses molasses ụdị, formic acid, ma ọ bụ nke eke Sourdough omenala nwere lactic acid bacteria.

silage uka Bookmark

The usoro nke na-ebikwasị ga-rụrụ dị ka ngwa ngwa o kwere omume, n'ihi na uka a na-tọgbọrọ ụlọ heats na kọntaktị na dị oxygen na-eduga ná ọnwụ nke protein, na protein na-aghọ indigestible. A, mgbe na-eje ozi nnukwu multi-ton nchekwa usoro ọ na-ewe 5-7 ụbọchị. Yiri ọrụ ugbo nta ga-agwụ agwụ n'ime 2-3 ụbọchị mgbe ihe omume. Dị ka ngwa ngwa tọgbọrọ mbụ oyi akwa nke-egbochi ihe onwunwe, site na nke oriri silage nri ghara ifịk ifịk na-emepụta ma chebe ke ogologo okwu. Dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ a film ihe onwunwe mee ihe, kama ọ bụ naanị na nwee ume notches ka stiffen.

Facilities maka nche-kwa

Ugbu a ọ dị mkpa iji tụlee ihe ozugbo ndị na-ewu, na nke echichi nwere ike rụrụ. E nwere ihe abụọ variants nke nzukọ nke ensiling usoro - kwụ na vetikal. The mbụ nhọrọ agụnye iji ihe trenches na olulu, nke nwere osisi uka. Ndị dị otú ahụ ụzọ dị mma serviceability na-eri-irè. Ma ha na-eji onwe ezinụlọ, n'ihi na ha apụghị ịnabata nnukwu mpịakọta nke billet. Vetikal ụzọ silage oriri-atụ aro ndị aka nke-ewu ihe owuwu nke cylindrical udi. Ha na-akpọ silo, na, dabere na oru mmejuputa nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ 500 tọn osisi okwu.

Akara silage uka

Tamping bụkwa a dị mkpa usoro nzọụkwụ ke nkwadebe nke osisi uka na silage. Ọrụ nwere ike rụrụ site iche iche oru n'aka ruo mgbe improvised aku ihe. Overdoing akara nwere ike ịbụ - elu nke njupụta, mma, dị ka obere ikuku ga-anọgide na stacked n'ígwé. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-silage n'ụlọ enweghị igwe ngwaọrụ, uche pụrụ iche na a ga-akwụ ụgwọ ndị na nkuku na ebe ke n'akụkụ mgbidi. Na ebe ndị a na-akacha ọ ga-ikuku na-abanye na ala n'ígwé.

uru nke silage

Tụnyere ndị ọzọ iche nke fodder, a nhọrọ-enye gị ohere na-enweta ya bụ a eke ngwaahịa na a ala na-eri maka mmejuputa iwu na nkà na ụzụ nkebi. Ọbụna na nnukwu anụ ụlọ ugbo, nke na-etinye ego bukwanu ego na a pụrụ iche na Usoro na silo ụlọ ọrụ, ndepụta nkwadebe na-akwụ ya. The uru nke usoro na-akọ na nzukọ na accessibility nke mkpokọta usoro. Ọbụna a ezinụlọ na gburugburu ebe obibi, ị nwere ike na-edebe technology. Ya mere, ihe ndị bụ isi nke silage oriri dị ka isi ọnọdụ nke osisi okwu content azọrọ huu tightness. Ọ bụ nnọọ ekwe omume na-arụ iji omimi nke ékpè na a ole na ole redio nke film ihe onwunwe.

ọgwụgwụ

N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, nkwadebe nke silage bụ kpamkpam free nhọrọ maka inweta nri na-edozi. Ndị chọrọ nwalee usoro a na okwu nke ya na aku na uba na mbụ na-efu iji chọpụta nke herbs dị maka ọrụ a. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ na-atụ aro iji legumes na ọka. Ọzọkwa silage, dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmepụta na-achọ mgbe nile nlekota na-enyemaka nke pụrụ iche na ngwaọrụ. Ya mere, n'oge a na silos onwem na atụ ngwaọrụ chọpụta iru mmiri na okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ. Ma ọ bụla ikpe, ọbụna ndị ọzọ ego n'onye ezi omume site eziokwu na anu-ulo-akawanye n'ezie na-edozi na environmentally friendly nri, nke ike-eji ọbụna oyi, na nke kwesịrị ekwesị na nchekwa umu.