Russian omenala mbubreyo 19 - narị afọ nke 20. Akụkụ nke Russian omenala

Iji ọma ịghọta peculiarities nke Russian omenala na uzo nke XIX-XX ọtụtụ narị afọ., Ị mkpa nwere echiche banyere ọdịdị nke anụ ụlọ iwu, akụnụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke oge ahụ. Nke a bụ isi. The ọrụ nke Russian omenala nwere nnọọ njikọ. Ekele Pita mgbanwe dị Alaeze Ukwu ike onye zuru ọchịchị ndị eze, nakwa dị ka legislating ndioru govanmenti. Nke a na-karịsịa ekere ke "ọlaedo afọ" nke Catherine II.

Ihe na-amalite nke XIX na narị afọ

Century akara eje mgbanwe nke Alexander I. Na omume, ọ na-rụrụ iji wusie ndị feudal-absolutist iji. N'otu oge, ọ dị mkpa ka a tụlee mmetụta nke ọhụrụ "mmụọ nke ugboro." Mbụ niile, kwuru, na ngosipụta nke French mgbanwe ofụri Russian omenala. The ịhụnanya nke nnwere onwe dị otu onye nke archetypes. Ọ na-eme ememe nile na Russian uri si Pushkin Tsvetaeva na finishing. Mgbe Ministry e guzobere, e nwere ihe ọzọ bureaucratization nke akara. Ke adianade do, mma Central ngwa nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. The oruru nke State Council - ihe dị oké mkpa mmewere nke Europeanization na modernization nke dum usoro. Ya isi ọrụ bụ: iji hụ anọgidesi nke iwu norms na centralization nke omebe iwu omume.

Golden Age

Russian omenala mbubreyo 19 - narị afọ nke 20 na ọ mepụtara nnọọ intensively. A ike mmetụta na usoro a na-merela agadi Western echiche na ụwa revolutionary ọganihu. Ọzọkwa kwuru a mmekọrịta chiri ọzọ Russian omenala. Nke a bụ oge mgbe French mepụtara utopian socialism na German oge gboo nkà ihe ọmụma. Ndị a echiche na-ewu ewu na steeti. Russian omenala mmalite narị afọ nke 19 na-ike-enwe mmetụta nketa hapụrụ site ọgbọ ndị gara aga. New Ome nke creativity na akwụkwọ rigo ekele ya. Nke a na-emetụta ubi nke omenala, na nkà na uri. Ọrụ nke Fyodor Dostoevsky, P. Melnikov-Pechersky, Leskov na Gogol imbued na omenala okpukpe nke oge ochie omenala. Ọzọkwa ọ ga-kwuru na-arụ ọrụ nke ndị ọzọ edemede oke amamihe, onye àgwà ndị Orthodox okwukwo ndị ọzọ controversial. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere Blok, L. Tolstoy, Alexander Pushkin, na na. Na ha creativity deere agaghị echefu stampụ na-egosi na ha Orthodox mgbọrọgwụ. Ị nwekwara ike ghara ichefu obi abụọ Ivan Turgenev. N'ọrụ ya "The bi ike" na-anọchite anya onyinyo nke ndị mmadụ nsọ. Ọzọkwa nke oké mmasị bụ Russian nka omenala oge. Nke a bụ a na foto nke K. Petrov-Vodkin, Vrubel, M. Nesterov. The malite nke creativity ụgha na Orthodox icon-sere. Oge ochie ụka na-abụ abụ bụ a pụtara ìhè onu nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwú omenala. Ọ na-ike-atụle mgbe e mesịrị nwere site Rachmaninov, Tchaikovsky na Dmitry Bortniansky.

isi onyinye

Russian omenala mbubreyo 19 - narị afọ nke 20, etinye obi gị dum na-kacha mma rụzuru nke ndị ọzọ na mba. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-efunahụ ha bụ. Ke adianade do, o nwere a ịrịba mmetụta na mmepe nke ọzọ kụrụ akụ. Ma ihe ndị mere eme nke European iche iche, ọ hapụrụ a bukwanu akara. Mbụ niile, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere Russian okpukpe echiche. Ọ e guzobere n'okpuru nduzi nke West. N'aka nke ya, na Western European omenala e mmetụta nkà mmụta okpukpe na nkà ihe ọmụma. Nke a bụ ìhè karịsịa ke akpa ọkara nke XX narị afọ. Ịrịba Ama onyinye mmepe nke Russian omenala mere ọrụ nke M. Bakunin, Berdyaev, Florensky, S. Bulgakov, Vladimir Solovyov, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Anyị ekwesịghị ichefu banyere "oké ifufe iri na abụọ afọ". Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere a ike kwalite mmepe nke Russian omenala. World War II na-nwere njikọ chiri ka uto nke mba nsụhọ na guzobe "Decembrists". Ọ na-emetụta ndị Russian omenala omenala. Belinsky dere na afọ fegharịrị mba ahụ dum, mgbe kpaliri mpako n'ihi mba na nsụhọ.

Atụmatụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro

Ya ijeụkwụ e otú ahụ accelerated. Nke a bụ n'ihi na n'elu ihe. Full siwing iche nke dị iche iche ubi nke omenala eme. Nke a bụ ìhè karịsịa na sayensị. Ọ na-mgbagwoju anya site na omenala usoro onwe ya. Ọ kwuru a ukwuu mmekọrịta n'etiti dị iche iche na ngalaba. Karịsịa, a na-emetụta music, akwụkwọ, na nkà ihe ọmụma na na. Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na Noa Filiks nke mmekọrịta n'etiti constituent ọcha nke mba omenala. Ọ bụ ihe ukara akụkụ nke ya, nke na-elekọta nke ala, na mpaghara nke pụta (ie ndiife guzobere). Nke ikpeazụ na-abịa site ngiri-afọ nke East Slavic agbụrụ ịlụ. Nke a oyi akwa e guzobere oge ochie rus. Ọ n'ụzọ zuru ezu adị na mba akụkọ ihe mere eme. Banyere subsoil eze-ala omenala, e nwere ike deere ọnụnọ nke "gụrụ akwụkwọ" stratum. Ọ na-eje ozi na-achị achị. Nke a bụ isi ihe na-ezo aka n'obí na oké ozu. Nke a oyi akwa a nnọọ na-anabata ndị mba ọzọ na ọhụrụ. Na nke a, ọ bụ ihe amamihe banyere ihunanya sere Ivanov, K. Bryullov, V. Tropinin, A. Kiprensky na ndị ọzọ mara nka nke XIX narị afọ.

Mmetụta nke XVIII narị afọ

Ke akpa ọkara ya pụtara ụbụrụ na-aghọ ndị nkịtị. Site na njedebe nke narị afọ, ọ gbapụrụ a akpan akpan na-elekọta mmadụ otu. Ọ bụ Land nke intelligentsia. E nwere ndị na-ede uri, egwú, architects na-ese ihe. Ọ bụrụ na mmalite nke narị afọ na-eduga ọrụ so oké ozu intelligentsia, n'ikpeazụ - commoner. The mejupụtara nke a oyi akwa malitere igba si nkịtị. Nke a na-karịsịa mgbe ọ na-ekpochapụ serfdom. Site commoner nwere ike ibū gụrụ akwụkwọ nnọchiteanya nke onye kwuo uche na-emesapụ bourgeoisie. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-ekwu na ha bụ na ama. Kama, ha na-egosi ịbụ nkịtị, ndị ahịa, na-abachaghị bourgeoisie na ndioru govanmenti. Na ndị a na-akwado site na ndị dị mkpa dị na atụmatụ nke Russian omenala, dị ka mmalite nke ya ochichi onye kwuo uche dabeere. Ha mkpa bụ na ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ isi na-abụghị nanị ndị òtù nke ùgwù klaasị. O sina dị, ndị na-eduga ọrụ ka na-nwe ha. Ịba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị,-arọ, nka, na-ede uri na ndị dere nke-atụ n'ọnụ. Karịsịa, ọ na-akọ na serfs, na ọkacha mma mbio nkịtị.

Mkpụrụ nke XIX na narị afọ

Art nke Russian omenala aga n'ihu na-ịzụlite. Literature na-aghọ nna ukwu nke ya domain. Mbụ, ebe a na-enwe mmetụta na-aga n'ihu ntọhapụ echiche ndị Nazi. N'eziokwu, ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ na oge na-jupụtara na revolutionary ọgụ oku, nakwa dị ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akwụkwọ nta. Bipụta isi uru nke Russian omenala. Ọ na-nnọọ mmụọ nsọ site elu-eto eto. Ọ chere ọchịchị nke mmụọ nke na-alụ na mmegide. Ọ penetrated ọrụ nke na-aga n'ihu dere. N'ihi ya, akwụkwọ na-otu n'ime ihe kasị ike na-agha nke ọha mmadụ. Ị nwere ike na-atụ, ndị ọgaranya ụwa ochie na-eme ka a tụnyere nke Russian omenala. Ọbụna na ya ndabere akwụkwọ nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ọ na-anọchi ahụkebe onu. Tolstovsky Pushkinian uri na prose nwere ike na-akpọ ọrụ ebube. Yasnaya Polyana bụ ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi obodo nke mberede.

onyinye Pushkin

Ọ bụ ike ikwu ihe ga-abụ omenala nke Russia na-enweghị ya. Pushkin - nchoputa nke Russian nsiridi. Ịpụta ihe ọ na-echeta, "Evgeniya Onegina". Nke a akwụkwọ na amaokwu na aha ya bụ a ma ama nkatọ nke akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma nke Russian ndụ. Ọ bụ ndị kasị elu ngosipụta nke nsiridi na ọrụ nke amamihe. E nwekwara otu ihe atụ pụtara ìhè nke a na-emekarị nwere ike ekewet akwụkwọ nchụàjà "Dubrovsky", "The Captain Ada," ihe nkiri bụ "Boris Godunov." Banyere zuru ụwa ọnụ pụtara Pushkin, ọ na-nwere njikọ chiri na nghọta nke omenala nke eluigwe na ala uru na e kere site ya. Ọ meghere ụzọ maka edemede Chekhov, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Gogol, Lermontov. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-fledged eziokwu nke Russian omenala. Ke adianade do, nke a ụzọ bụ ihe kasị mkpa oge n'ụzọ ime mmụọ nke mmadụ.

Lermontov onyinye

Ọ nwere ike na-akpọ ndị nọchiri na tọrọ dịkọrọ ndụ Pushkin. Nke mbụ bụ ka a mata "dike nke Oge Anyị." Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka ọ ghara iburu ya dabara n'usoro dịka nchụàjà "Eugene Onegin". Ka ọ dịgodị, "dike nke Oge Anyị" - n'elu Lermontov si nsiridi. Ọrụ ya na-anọchi anya kasị elu mgbe evolushọn poslepushkinskogo oge uri. N'ihi nke a na ọhụrụ emeghe ụzọ maka mmepe nke Russian prose meghere. Byron Creativity - isi aesthetic ịrịba ama. Russian ihunanya ihe masịrị onye na-egosi ịdị adị nke a òtù nzuzo nke Titanic agụụ mmekọahụ. Ọzọkwa ebe a nwere ike ekewet in-a me okwu na oké ike, nke na-achọkwa na nkà ihe ọmụma ntule. N'ihi ya, ọ na-aghọ doro anya gravitation Lermontov uri uri, romance na ballad. A pụrụ iche ebe ha bụ ịhụnanya. Ọzọkwa, anaghị echefu banyere "dialectics nke mmetụta" - Lermontov usoro nke psychological analysis, nke so kpata ụdi akwụkwọ.

Gogol nnyocha e mere

Ya ọrụ mepụtara na ntụziaka nke ihunanya iche nke nsiridi. Gogol kere me a otutu mmepe nke Russian akwụkwọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, were "mgbede na a Farm nso Dikanka". Ebe a gụnyere echiche nke ndị Ukraine - a ụdị Slavic Ancient Rome. Ọ bụ dị ka a dum Afrika a map nke eluigwe na ala. Dikanka - mbụ ya center, na etiti nke mba aka na nke ime mmụọ bụ. Ke adianade do, Gogol tọrọ ntọala "eke akwụkwọ". Ọ bụ a dị oké egwu, nsiridi. Russian omenala narị afọ nke 20 ka ndị ji ụwa na ude nke Gogol. Site oge ọ malitere ọrụ ike ma na-eto eto nke ụwa edemede ọganihu. Ọrụ ya nwere a miri emi nkà ihe ọmụma nwere, nke a na-denoted nwayọọ nwayọọ.

Tolstoy onyinye

Ya amamiihe ọrụ kwesịrị nlebara anya pụrụ iche. Ọ bụ a ọhụrụ ogbo na mmepe nke ụwa na Russian nsiridi. Mbụ niile, ọ bụ inye ike na ọhụrụ nke Tolstoy na creativity. Ọ bụ nke ukwuu dabeere na onye kwuo uche mgbọrọgwụ nke ya ọrụ, omume ọchịchọ na ụwa-nsụhọ. Nsiridi Tolstoy ọdịiche pụrụ iche eziokwu. Ọzọkwa, ọ dị mkpa ka igbunye frankness na ezi obi nke ụda. Pụta bụ a nkọ na-elekọta mmadụ na-emegiderịta na nchọpụta juggernaut. "Agha na Udo" - a pụrụ iche onu na ụwa na Russian akwụkwọ. Nke a bụ a pụrụ iche onu nke art Tolstoy. Ọ bụ amamiihe Nchikota multi-kwubiri na The Epic "murals" na psychological akwụkwọ na a nnukwu ụzọ. Akụkụ mbụ nke ọrụ e bipụtara a ogologo oge gara aga. ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke na-agụ akwụkwọ maka oge a. Otú ọ dị, "Agha na Udo" na-anọgide na a Nde ngwaahịa maka afọ niile. YU Nagibin, a oge a so dee akpọwo a ọrụ ebighị ebi enyi nke mmadụ. Ọ na-raara nye ọdachi agha nke XIX narị afọ. Ọ rụrụ ụka omume echiche nke mmeri nke ndụ ọnwụ. Russian omenala narị afọ nke 20 rara nnukwu uru.

Dostoevsky nnyocha e mere

Ọ na-anọgide ka e tie ha Titanic okike. Dostoevsky bụ oké Russian dere. Omume ọma ya nyocha dị iche dịtụ si Tolstoy. Mbụ, a na-egosipụta na-anọghị nke analysis kpụ ọkụ ọnụ. Nke ahụ bụ nkọwa nke ihe na-eme n'ebe ahụ. Anyị nwere "na nzuzo". Dị nnọọ otú ị pụrụ ịhụ ihe na-n'ezie na-aga. N'ihi na nke a, e nwere ohere na-ele anya na anyị onwe anyị. Dostoevsky nwere ezigbo ike, nke bụ penetration n'ime ọdịdị zuru oke nke mkpụrụ obi mmadụ. N'ihi ya, e nyere ha a nkọwa nke dịkọrọ ndụ nihilism. Àgwà a nke uche a kọwara ha adịghị apụ apụ. Na-agụ Akwụkwọ ka fascinates-apụghị ịkọwa ziri ezi na omimi. Ma ihe ndị oge ochie nihilism, e nwere njikọ chiri na Epicureanism na skepticism. Ya ezigbo bụ a magburu onwe juu. Ọ na-ezo aka na ihe nweta nke udo nke uche na vicissitudes nke uba.

Aleksandr Makedonsky ozugbo mmasị miri nihilism oge ochie India. Otu obi na-adị na gburugburu ya. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-echebara ndị nkà ihe ọmụma àgwà, ọ bụ dịtụ yiri ọnọdụ nke Pyrrho nke Elis. N'ihi bụ a adabaghi ntule. Ma Nagarjuna, mgbe ahụ, n'ihi na ya na-eso ụzọ ya nihilism bụ a fọrọ nke okpukpe.

Modern ole na ole dị iche iche site n'oge gara aga. Ya mere a ka ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi na nkwenye. Ọ bụghị a-agọzi nke equanimity ma ọ bụ nkà ihe ọmụma dispassion. Kama, ọ bụ enweghi ike ịzụlite na ịmụta. Nke a abụghị a nkà ihe ọmụma, ma a ime mmụọ ntụpọ.

Isi nkebi nke heyday nke egwú art

XIX narị afọ ọma kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mmepe nke akwụkwọ. Yana a gbaa akpamfia Russian musical omenala. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ anya na akwụkwọ ndị ahụ. N'ihi ya, Russian nka omenala mma intensively. Pụtara kpam kpam ọhụrụ oyiyi. The aesthetic ezigbo of Rimsky-Korsakov bụ ihe ndabere nke ya musical creativity. Zuru okè na nkà nke onye zuru uru maka ya. Ya usoro ihe nkiri na-jupụtara na oyiyi nke vysokopoeticheskogo ụwa. Nke a doro anya na-egosi na art nwere a sọrọ mmetụta. Ọ agbanwe na-emeri emeri nwoke. Rimsky-Korsakov, ọrụ a nke art e jikọtara ya na ya echiche nke a iji omume okè. Nke a na-nwere njikọ chiri na òtù nzuzo nke ihunanya n'ọnu-Man kere. Ọ na-agụnye a see na alienating ọchịchọ nke gara aga. Nke a music eken nile nke ụmụ mmadụ. Nzube ya - iji mee ka nzọpụta si "egwu ọnwụnwa" ahụ bụ pụta ụwa bourgeois na narị afọ. Nke a bụ ihe ọzọ na uru nke Russian omenala. Ekele ya uru ọha mmadụ na enwetara oké obodo lekwasịrị. Creativity Tchaikovsky mere oké onyinye ae nke mba musical omenala. O dere ọtụtụ ndị magburu onwe ọrụ. The opera "Eugene Onegin" bụ nke ibuo agwa. Ke adianade do, na-ede akwụkwọ na-akọwara ya dị ka "in-a me Mpaghara". Otutu ọdịdị nke opera bụ iji na-egosipụta a ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu akwụkwọ.

Russian omenala nke narị afọ nke 20

Ọ ga-kwuru na mgbe uzo nke XIX-XX ọtụtụ narị afọ. na mba na e nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe. Ọ bụ ekele ha na Russian omenala nke narị afọ nke 20, mma site a dịgasị iche iche nke ụdị na ntụziaka. Ọ hụrụ ọhụrụ na ọnọdụ, nke chọrọ nkọwa ịda na-elekọta mmadụ na omume nsogbu. Ọ ga-kwuru na ná mmalite nke XX narị afọ Russia bụ a na obodo na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke iti bi. The muta usoro ugbua atọ nkebi: mgbago, n'etiti, na mbụ. Development nke a mbubreyo mmalite n'ihi na ụzọ nke a otu nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ọha mmadụ. N'ihi ya, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ malitere iputa emelitere ụdị. Russian omenala mbubreyo 19 - narị afọ nke 20 nwere oké mmetụta na mmepe nke muta na-amụba mmuta. N'etiti agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na-arụ ọrụ ga-kwuru izi ọha mmadụ na ọmụmụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka nke ndị mmadụ. Russian omenala mbubreyo 19 - narị afọ nke 20 nwere mmetụta ọ bụghị nanị na ndụ n'ime obodo ma n'èzí ya.