Russian steppe idobere: ndepụta

Na ụwa nke oge a, anyị na-emekarị ichefu banyere gburugburu uwa, na-achọ ihe na ọzọ nke ya kwa afọ. Na-eto eto obodo, ọhụrụ motorways na-wuru, displacing ndụ anyị eke na mara mma Okirikiri ala. The ọrụ nke ichebe eke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nwere na-eme pụrụ iche n'ókèala - mee. Na mba anyị, anyị kere ihe karịrị otu narị na-echebe ebe, agwa mee na n'elu Russia ogide otu ihe dị mkpa ebe a na usoro.

Gịnị bụ a idobere?

Reserve ẹkekerede a ụfọdụ òkè dị nso (ma ọ bụ mmiri), n'ime nke a na-echekwara niile eke mgbagwoju zuru na eke ụdị.

Historians kweere na mgbalị mbụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi-echebe ndidi azụ ke III na narị afọ BC, na Sri Lanka. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ e bipụtara nke mbụ n'ụwa nke iwu na nchedo nke anụ ọhịa. The mbụ na mpaghara na-na nchekwa umu ọnọdụ pụtara na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ na Ifriqiya, mgbe usoro ndị eze Hafsid ban na achụ nta na gburugburu otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri.

Si n'ọnọdụ nke dịkọrọ ndụ Russian iwu, Russian obodo eke mee - ndị pụrụ iche na nkà mmụta sayensị oru guzobere iji chebe ma na-amụ sitere n'okike na ebe obibi na usoro.

Mgbaru ọsọ na nzube

All Russian echebe ọdịdị mee onwe ha otu ebumnobi:

1. Ichebe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ọdọ mmiri nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.
2. Ichebe eke ecosystems ike n'ezi ihe.
3. Ịnọgide na-enwe di iche iche nke osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ obodo.
4. Mmejuputa iwu nke nnyocha na vivo.

All n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba na Russia, na ọ bụghị nanị na Russia, wuru na otu ụkpụrụ. Na ha mebere atumatu nwere ike kere atọ isi zones:

• Chebe isi;
• echekwa (SF) mpaghara;
• echebe mpaghara (ntughari n'etiti n'ezie idobere na n'akụkụ unprotected ebe).

Na nnukwu mee nke Russia na obere nwere ndị dị otú a Ọdịdị. Atọ ndị a zones bụ ihe e ji mara nke owuwu nke dị iche iche n'ọkwá na size.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian agwa mee

Fọrọ nke nta niile Russian mee, nke bụ aha ị ga-ahụ n'isiokwu a, otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ, nwere a ogologo oge nke ya si malite.

The mbụ dị otú ahụ nkebi ke Russia e hiwere na 1917. Ọ Barguzinsky idobere na Buryatia. E mesịa, ndị ndepụta nke mba na-echebe ebe a ka na-replenished. Ndị dị otú ahụ nnukwu mee nke Russia ka Astrakhan, Caucasus na Ilmensky nwekwara ike ekewet ndị kasị ochie. All nke ha pụtara na 20s nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. Ma nke-ntà nwere ike-atụle idobere "Utrish", nke e hiwere na 2010. Ke adianade do, na oge elu 2020 na ọ na-zubere ike a n'ihu 11 ọhụrụ na-echebe ebe Russia.

Mee nke Russia: ndepụta steppe mee

Dị ka nke 2014 na Russian Federation e nwere 103 agwa mee. Ha niile ogide a ngụkọta nke ebe 340.000 square kilomita. Nke a bụ nnukwu ebe na a pụrụ iji tụnyere ndị nke ebe European na-ekwu, dị ka Finland.

Nke nọmba a, 11 agwa mee nwere ike ekewet steppe. Anyị depụta ndị a mee nke Russia. List of gbara akwụkwọ n'okpuru:

• Astrakhan,
• "Belogorye"
• Voroninsky,
• Voronezh,
• White-naped,
• East-Ural,
• "Galichya Mountain"
• Orenburg,
• Rostov,
• "Volga steppe"
• "Black Earth".

All Russian mee, aha nke na-depụtara, e kenyere ndị Ministry of Natural Resources na Environment. Abụọ n'ime ha - na East-Urals na "Nwata nwaanyị Mountain" - n'okpuru ndị ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ.

Na onu nke Russian steppe

Russian steppe - ọ bụ pụrụ iche na pụrụ iche eke onu. Russian steppe mee, na ha ọhịa grasses na tangled ọlaọcha na nku ahịhịa, yiri a ịnyịnya aji.

Na-akpali mmasị, echiche nke na-eke ndị dị otú ahụ na-echebe ebe sitere na ọ na steppe. Pụtara ìhè ala ọkà mmụta sayensị na agronomist Vasily Dokuchaev kwuru banyere mkpa a a narị afọ gara aga. O sina dị, ọ dịghị idobere adịghị adị na Russia na steppe mpaghara nke ruo 90-ies. Nke mbụ bụ na Orenburg steppe idobere, nke a haziri na ụzọ nke Alexander Alexandrovich Chibilova na 1989.

Steppe idobere "Orenburg"

Pụtara na May 1989, taa ya na-ekpuchi ebe nke n'elu 21 puku hectare.

Steppe idobere "Orenburgsky" na-agụnye anọ iche iche ebe:

• Talovskaya steppe
• Burtinskaya steppe
• Aytuarskaya steppe
• Aschisayskaya steppe (kasị ala ebe nke 7.200 hectare).

N'ime nke a ebe ị pụrụ ịhụ bụghị naanị na-akpatụbeghị aka steppe. E nwekwara ọtụtụ ndị mgbe ochie ncheta VII-III na narị afọ BC. Nke a Mounds Sarmatian omenala.

The idụhe - akọrọ na continental. Nkezi afọ okpomọkụ bụ 2.5 degrees centigrade, na nkezi kwa afọ oké mmiri ozuzo dị negligibly obere - si 250 na 350 mm. Site ogo wetting n'ógbè nwere ike n'enweghị ekewet ọkara desert.

Nke idobere osisi bụ iche iche: e nwere 14 na umu nke dịkwa ka usoro ha, 150 ụdị lichen, 8 ụdị akpaetu na 1.350 ụdị vaskụla osisi. Ọ dịghị obere ọgaranya na fauna nke ebe: 48 umu mammals, 193 ụdị nnụnụ, 6 umu azu, 526 ụdị ébé na 184 ụdị spiders. Ókèala a na-arụ na-akasị-ahịhịa sod steppe, na mkpọda ugwu nta na-kpụrụ nkume steppe na na saline ala - desert okụre na obodo.

Na idobere e nwere ihe abụọ iri na abuo osisi e depụtara na Red Book of Russia. Ọtụtụ ụmụ anụmanụ na Russian idobere "Orenburg" nwekwara ndị Red Book. Otu n'ime ha steppe anu, nnụnụ nkume curlew, Balaban, ọlaedo ugo, steppe ugo, bustard na stilt na European Beaver.

"Belogorye"

Russian steppe mee - na ọ bụ a nnọọ oké ọnụ ahịa nke mba anyị. Otu bụ Nature Reserve "Belogorye" na Belgorod region, nke ụbọchị laghachi 1924. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-akpọ "Forest nke Vorskla River," na na 1999 e reorganized n'ime ọhụrụ nchedo nke ókèala n'okpuru ya ugbu aha.

Nke a na-echebe ebe dị a na nkà mmụta sayensị na gburugburu ebe obibi akwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti etiti uru. Nzube ya - iji chebe ma zuru ezu ọmụmụ nke eke Filiks na phenomena n'ime oké ọhịa-steppe mpaghara, nakwa dị ka nche-kwa nke onye na umu na obodo nke osisi, fauna na pụrụ iche ecosystems n'ebe ndịda nke Central Russian Upland.

Ókèala ndị Nature Reserve "Belogorye" na-agụnye ise dị iche ngalaba, nke na-dị na atọ na distrikti nke obodo. Ọ akpa nkata:

• Forest na Vorskla,
• Izgorya mgbidi,
• Nkwọcha Hills,
• Yamskaya Steppe,
• Ostrasevy ndagwurugwu.

Ngụkọta nke ebe "Belogoriya" bụ 2131 hectare.

N'ime idobere, ọkà mmụta sayensị E nwere 149 iche iche ụdị nnụnụ, nakwa dị ka ihe 370 ụdị vaskụla osisi. Fauna na-anọchi anya 50 iche iche nke mammals, 15 na umu nke azụ, na umu nke nākpu akpu, 6 na nke 9 iche nke amphibious ụmụ anụmanụ.

Reserve "Voroninsky"

Large mee Russia adọta nnukwu ọtụtụ ndị njem na n'okike. Otu onye dị otú Voroninsky idobere dị na ọhịa mpaghara Tambov mpaghara. Ọ na e kere 1994 iji chebe oké ọhịa steppe usoro Central Russia. Ngụkọta nke ebe - ihe karịrị 10,000 hectare, ọdịdị idobere na-emi odude n'ime 40 kilomita nke okwukwa Valley River.

Structure Voroninsky idobere na-agụnye abụọ nnukwu ụyọkọ - oké ọhịa "Inzhavinskaya" na "Kirsanovsky" na iri ọzọ delineated nta ebe.

The echiche nke na-eke ebe a na nchekwa umu ebe ekesịpde ọzọ VP Semenov Tian-Shanskii mara Russian ọdịdị ala. Ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, ọ na-achụ na-ahazi ebe a na-akpọ "uromny Park" (uremia - a pụrụ iche iju mmiri-larịị oké ọhịa). Ọ bụ ọmụmụ ihe na mweghachi nke a ọhịa bụ ndị isi ọrụ nke oge a idobere.

Otú ọ dị, ndị ezigbo uru ọrụ na mmepe nke idobere echiche malitere naanị ke mbubreyo 80-ies nke XX narị afọ. A oké onyinye nzukọ nke idobere nwere Voroninsky ọkachamara Regional Museum na Tambov pedagogical Institute.

Ka ụbọchị, na idobere azụlitewo atọ njem nleta pụrụ isiwo: "Inzhavino-Barska Mountain", "echekwara Lake" na "echekwara ụzọ."

Onye nke kasị mma na-adọrọ mmasị Voroninsky idobere bụ ndị na-akpọ Nkwọcha Mountain - ihe ọ bụla dị ka a na mberede na Volga Uplands. Gore nwere a ikwu elu nke banyere 50 mita. Na ọbụna taa ugwu kpuchie wuru ọhịa n'ugbo, tupu ọ bụ n'ezie "nkwọcha", ya mere nọgidere aha ya. Site n'ụzọ, na ugwu a bụ ihe nnọchianya nke Inzhavino obodo.

Ọzọ mma nke idobere - a pụrụ iche willow n'ọdọ nso obodo Semenovka. Ya afọ - karịrị 150 afọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị nanị na nke a ma ama willow Grove, n'ihi na ọ na-adọrọ mmasị ozugbo a ma ama artist Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. Ma ugbu a, picture na-echekwara na Museum nke London. Dị mwute ikwu na, taa naanị remnants nke a Willow Grove - ọtụtụ osisi e bibiri n'oge agha, na dị ka a n'ihi nke obi-eme na 90s.

"Rostov"

Itu n'anya na-akpali mmasị na ya mara mma steppe mee nke Russia! N'afọ 1995, na Rostov n'ógbè Rostov Reserve e guzobere, ọ bụ ezie na preconditions n'ihi na ya na nzukọ bụ ná ngwụsị XIX narị afọ. The echiche ike ebe a a steppe idobere mgbe owụt ọkà mmụta sayensị Vasily Dokuchaev, bụ onye jere a ọtụtụ oge na mgbalị amụ steppe Okirikiri.

Rostov Reserve nwere gọọmenti etiti ọnọdụ na ya ochichi. Ọ anọ mejupụtara iche iche ebe, ngụkọta nke ebe nke ihe karịrị 9 hectare.

N'ime idobere, ọkà mmụta sayensị gua 410 ụdị vaskụla osisi - ukwuu n'ime ọka, legumes, Asteraceae na kloovu. Ebe i nwere ike ịchọta 4 iche iche nke peas, ọtụtụ ụdị nku ahịhịa, camel ogwu. Too na idobere na umu depụtara na Red Book: na tulip Schrenk, Dwarf iris, nku ahịhịa na ọzọ di iche iche.

"Black Earth"

Nnukwu mee kụrụ Russia na ya ọnụ ọgụgụ na unspoilt n'ala na-amaghị nwoke Okirikiri. Otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu na mba ahụ bụ a Biosphere Reserve na pụrụ iche aha "Black Earth", nke na-echekwara ndị pụrụ iche ebe nke Kalmyk steppe.

The idobere e guzobere June 1990. The isi ọrụ - ịzọpụta steppe na ọkara desert Okirikiri, nakwa dị ka nchedo saiga bi. Ngụkọta nke ebe nke na-echebe ebe - karịrị 120 puku hectare. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na 1993 na "Black Land" natara ọnọdụ nke a Biosphere idobere site UNESCO.

The idobere nke osisi na-anọchi anya dị ka steppe na desert ụdị osisi. N'ihi ya, na aja ebe nwere ike izute camel ogwu, Lyme ahịhịa, ájá sagebrush. Na n'àgwàetiti ọdọ Manichev-Gudilo nwere steppes na nku Lessing. Too ebe a na obere ụdị osisi: cornflower Taliev na tulip Schrenk.

The fauna na-anọchi anya ya steppe na ọkara desert umu. Ebe a na-emebu ele, nnukwu-eared ebinta, obere gopher, jerboa. Dị na "nwa ala" bandaging na-egbuke egbuke polecat. Na-adịbeghị anya, na-amụba wolf bi na idobere.

Akwu na idobere a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke Waterfowl. Nke a ogbi ọbọgwụ mmiri, ọgazị, Dalmatian okwolo, ọhịa ọbọgwụ, isi awọ ọbọgwụ, pochard na ndị ọzọ. Echebe ebe a na-ahụkarị steppe umu nnụnụ: bustard, lark, obere bustard, steppe ugo na ugo na egbe.

"Volga steppe"

"Volga steppe" - a Nature Reserve na Penza mpaghara, nke na-agụnye 5 iche iche ebe:

• Poperechenskaya steppe
• Ostrovtsovskaya steppe
• Kuncherovskaya steppe
• Fir Forest na Kadadah,
• Verhnesursky ọhịa ebe.

Ọ na-emi odude ke steppe nkebi nke Middle Volga. The idobere e guzobere na 1989 iji chebe ugwu steppes na oké ọhịa. Ọ na-ekpuchi taa ebe 8326 hectare. "Volga steppe" - bụghị naanị a ọdịdị nchekwaba na mpaghara. The idobere na-ọma aku na nkà mmụta sayensị, nnyocha, agụmakwụkwọ na ntụrụndụ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ebumnobi bụ isi nke "na Volga steppe" bụ nchebe nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, nakwa dị ka ha n'otu n'otu na-anọchite anya na dum ecosystems.

Na "Volga steppe" E nwere ihe dị 860 ụdị vaskụla osisi ụbọchị (a, n'uzọ, 55% nke umu mejupụtara nke Penza region osisi). N'ime ndị a, 70 na umu nọ ná mkpa nke pụrụ iche nchedo, na ọbụna itoolu dị iche iche e depụtara na Red Book of Russia. Nke a anọ iche iche nke Stipa (nku ahịhịa, mara mma, opushennolistny na nku Zaleski), Fritillaria Russian, iris leafless, Cephalanthera rubra, epipogium leafless na neottianta cucullata. 58 umu nke osisi nke idobere na-gụnyere na Red Book nke ọhia.

Ihe na-akpali ihe bụ a pine ọhịa idobere na Kadadah, ma ọ bụ na-akpọ "Borok", na nso nso obodo nta nke Shatkino. Ibé ebe nke pine ọhịa na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke osimiri Kadadah - fọrọ nke nta 400 hectare. Boron bụ a mgbagwoju nke wuru pine n'ugbo na ọhịa osisi oak. Ọtụtụ n'ime ebe a na-arụ site ihe na alder swamps.

Isiokwu a na-akọwa ihe ndị kasị ama Russian mee. Photos of a ebube akụkụ nke mba anyị nwekwara ike ịchọta ebe a. Na mba anyị, anyị kere ihe karịrị otu narị na-echebe ebe, nke ịhụ iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi, nchedo nke eke Okirikiri, mweghachi na ichebe ụfọdụ anụmanụ na osisi. Ke adianade do, na-echebe ebe na-ebu ọzọ izi na izi ọrụ site akuku ndị Russia ịhụnanya maka okike. Kasị nke mee na-nwere oké ntụrụndụ na njem nleta nwere, na ụfọdụ n'ime ha ọbụna na-agbalị ime eme ya site na-emepe emepe pụrụ iche njem nleta ụzọ gasị na ebe obibi ụzọ ụkwụ.