Shotcrete: The technology na-arụ ọrụ na atụmatụ

Kemgbe 100 afọ nke spraying ihe technology ọhụrụ ọ na-a kpochapụwo na na-eji na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi iche iche mmepụta nsogbu. Ọzọkwa, na-adịbeghị anya n'ihi na-abawanye nke na mpịakọta nke idozi na-ewu ụlọ na-arụ ọrụ mmasị usoro a na ụba dị ịrịba ama. Spraying bụ a ịdọ nke plaster ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta site nnukwu nsogbu site nke na mmekọrịta nke ahụ a na-nyere na a kwadebere elu nke ngwọta. Ẹdude cracks na obere pores jupụtara n'oge ọrụ.

ya site na iji a region

Ngwa nke sprayed ihe taa bụ nnọọ nkịtị. Nke a na Usoro a na-eji itinye nkume na ala ọrụ na Ngwuputa na tunneling. Nwere ike ime na-enweghị a technology na mmezi nke ihe na mesikwuru ihe owuwu. A na-agụnye ike na nnọchi nke maliteworo ire ure. Shotcrete na-eji mgbe arụ akara, dị ka a refractory ihe onwunwe. Ọ hụrụ ya zuru ebe nile na-abụghị ferrous, ferrous, chemical, ciment na iko ọrụ, ọ bụla nke a na-ejikọta ya na elu-okpomọkụ Filiks. Ọ na-etinyere na-enye a na-echebe wear na-eguzogide mkpuchi. Ọtụtụ mgbe, usoro a na-eji ike akpọkwa nka nzube. Usoro na-eji maka arịọnụ na ala ewu n'ala. Nke a na-emetụta nchekwa ngwaọrụ na olulu, nakwa dị ka ike na mkpọda n'oge na-ewu nke ụzọ junctions na àkwà mmiri.

Main atụmatụ nke technology

Mgbe etinyere shotcrete, technology e ji ụfọdụ njirimara, n'etiti ha - ekwe omume nke itinye ihe ndị mejupụtara na mkpumkpu elu ma a isi, dị na niile ụgbọ elu. Nke a bụ n'ihi na elu nyagide Njirimara ngwakọta na ya na-akwado onwe ike. Nabryzg emepụta na elu nsogbu na ọsọ, nke na-enye ohere maka ndị magburu onwe adhesion nke ihe. Mgbe edebe film abịakọrọ onwe ha. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke elu nwere ike inwe ihe ọ bụla, nke ga-adabere na kpọmkwem ọnọdụ na nsogbu. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị na-arụ ọrụ esonyere mkwado, metụtara na ojiji nke omenala mkwado ma ọ bụ pụrụ iche emep uta eri. The technology-enye gị ohere ngwa ngwa iru na-akwado owuwu-enweghị aka nke formwork na-eliminates ogologo nchere oge.

Iche shotcrete technology

Shotcrete nwere ike n'ọrụ na ụzọ dị iche iche: a mmiri ma ọ bụ ọkọchị. Ke akpa idaha, na ịgba nozulu nri n'ụdị a njikere mix ihe. Nke a na-ekwe site a pụrụ iche tube. The mejupụtara bụ n'ụdị a na-aga n'ihu iyi. Ọ na-eji na mkpa ikuku , na ihe. Dị ka ihe na uru nke a na Usoro bụ ekwe omume nke iji a edo mejupụtara, a nta na-ehicha, ileda rebound ihe onwunwe na ikike rụchaa grout ngwakọta mgbe ngwa. Ihe njuputa ike ga-eji n'ihi na ndị ọzọ na-ewu na-arụ ọrụ. The mmiri usoro nke itinye ihe agbasara ihe ike-emepụta na-anọzi oghere.

Ọghọm nke mmiri deposition

Shotcrete nwere ike n'ọrụ site a mmiri usoro, ma o nwere ihe ụfọdụ ndọghachi azụ, kwupụtara na ala ngwọta eruba ọnụego nke na-adịghị ekwe ka nke kacha imewe njupụta. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke etinyere oyi akwa bụ mmachi na anaghị gafere 3 sentimita kwa otu obibia. Maka mmezi shotcrete igwe mgbe ọ na-eji na mmiri usoro, mụbara chọrọ. Ọzọkwa, nna ya ukwu na-agbụ na ihe mmepụta ebe, na-eji ogologo aka uwe bụ ekwe omume. Nke a egbochi ndị maneuverability.

Atụmatụ akọrọ shotcrete

Ime ihe agbasara ihe ike-emepụta site a akọrọ technology, na nke na-enye maka udia ngwakọta na fillers maka iche iche mmiri si sooks. Mgbe a Ịgwakọta na-ewe ebe na-na nebulizer. Ịtụle uru, bụ inye-ekwe omume n'ihi ndị mejupụtara nke anya dị ka nke ọma dị ka onye na-abawanye na eruba ọnụego nke ngwa agha. Interlayer adhesion na adhesion na elu nke mbụ oyi akwa na-abawanye, na ọ nwere ike kwuru banyere arụmọrụ, ma etinyere oyi akwa nwere ike a ọkpụrụkpụ ruo 60 millimeters. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji nke a Usoro, ndị isi ga na-adịghị mkpa ọzọ primer, akụrụngwa adịghị egboro mkpa asa ihe. Ọ ga-ezuru ịfụ ya abịakọrọ ikuku.

Ụkọ ihe ụfọdụ nke akọrọ usoro

Na saịtị nke ngwa usoro eji akọrọ shotcreting ga-akara ụba mmetọ na ájá. Ọrụ kwesịrị inwe ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iru eru. The ruru nke mmiri na akọrọ ngwakọta ga-gbanwee na inyocha n'oge mkpuchi usoro.

The mejupụtara nke ihe

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahọrọ iji shotcrete, ngwakọta na-atụ aro inyocha. Iji kwadebe ojiji nke ciment na ájá na ruru 1: 3 ma ọ bụ 1: 4, ihe niile ga-adabere na arụmọrụ chọrọ maka imewe. Ke akpa idaha, n'elu ga-enwe nnọọ ịnagide n'ibu na nke abụọ - na ihu igwe. Ọ dị mkpa iji kwadebe ihe dị otú ahụ ego nke ngwakọta, nke ị ga-enwe ike na-arụ ọrụ na 3 awa, ma ọ ga balling, ciment tụfuru ifịk àgwà.

Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ na-arụ ọrụ na ala okpomọkụ, na n'elu Efrata ga-ahụ kwukwara plasticizers, nke bụ tupu diluted na mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na njikere nke a akọrọ ngwakọta kwukwara na ntụ ntụ ụdị. Wastes eme n'oge rebound nke ihe onwunwe, na-agaghị na-eji maka nke abụọ Ịgwakọta ngwọta.

ọzọ Efrata

Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-mgbe ụfọdụ mepụtara nwekwara maka shotcrete. A patent maka mepụtara, ma ọ bụ kama a arịrịọ maka ya, na nke a, ị ga-edo. Naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ngwaahịa nwere ike na-ere. Dị ka ihe atụ, tụlee ihe ngwa n'ihi na a patent nke RF №2543233, nke ngwakọta na-gbakwunyere na ihe mgbagwoju nwekwara. N'ihi ya, na otu onye n'ime ha dị ka ndị inyeaka akụrụngwa na-eje ozi hydrofluoric acid. Ma isi bụ a abụọ akụrụngwa stabilizer - sodium aluminate. Acidic mmiri - phosphoric acid emepụta. Ebe na nzọụkwụ mbụ na mmiri bụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ka okpomọkụ nke 60 110 degrees, na mgbe ọ na-ẹkenam n'ime aluminum sulfate na hydrofluoric acid, diethanolamine na acidic stabilizer akụrụngwa. Na nzọụkwụ ọzọ na isi akụrụngwa na ẹkenam.

Mejupụtara "Zeke" agbasara ihe

Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmata ihe ndị mejupụtara nke shotcrete ụlọ ọrụ "Sika", ga-aghọ nke ọzọ maara na àgwà nke ngwakọta. N'ihi ya, ọ ga-eji na oyi, nke o ekele pụrụ iche nwekwara na modulating Mmeju. Iji dozie dị iche iche nsogbu, na-emeputa na-eji a na-uzommeputa. N'ihi na simenti na ájá stabilizers nwere ike kwukwara na n'elu n'ike-n'ike na welie segregational nkwụsi ike nke ngwakọta. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị agwakọta accelerators etinye na ntọala ma hardening, nakwa dị ka inhibitors na nwekwara na ndabere nke microsilica. The ikpeazụ nke a Efrata dị oké mkpa maka rụọ ike na impermeability. Shotcrete, onye ọbịa ga-esoriri na ndị na-esonụ e: 26633, ji pụtara ìhè arụmọrụ.

n'elu nkwadebe

Tupu isi oyi akwa ibu na-etinyere, ndị isi na-echebe hydraulically site sandblasting. The elu kwesịrị ịnọgide ekpepụsị ochie agba, plaster, ihe, unyi, apịtị na ájá. Ọ bụrụ na e a mkwado, ọ ga-ọcha ahụ ajari. Ka iwelie mma adhesion ihe n'elu bụ roughened. Iji ịchịkwa ndị mejupụtara nke edo nkesa n'elu nke T-Chiefs na-arụnyere. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe na-esote oyi akwa a mesikwuru n'ihi nzube a 100-mm ntupu, na ọ bụrụ na cell size bụ nta, ọ ga-mmiri iri na mbụ oyi akwa. The kwadebere n'elu ga-gbarụrụ na abịakọrọ ikuku na rinsed na mmiri.

shotcrete technology

Ọ bụrụ na i kpebiri na ha onwe ha na-arụ ọrụ a kọwara, ị nwere ike inwe mmasị nkezi nke shotcrete, nke bụ 2400 n'arọ kwa 1 cubic mita. Nke a ga-atụle mgbe ịgbakọ ọkpụrụkpụ nke na-esote oyi akwa. The anya n'etiti nozulu na n'elu ga-emetụta kpọmkwem ego nke rụrụ ihe onwunwe. Dị ka omume na-egosi, a anya nke otu ma ọ bụ abụọ mita bụ ezigbo. Ọ bụrụ na ị belata ya, ọ ga-eme ka oké efu, nakwa dị ka a nta akara oyi akwa. Ọ bụrụ na Otú ọ dị, gafere n'elu ọnụ ọgụgụ, na mkpuchi ga-tọpụ.

maka shotcrete nwekwara ike ọ gaghị eji, ma mmiri ike ajụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla. Ọ ga-ahụ kwukwara na a kpọmkwem ruru. Ka ihe atụ, iji nweta a ike nke 26,4 MPa ga-adị mkpa iji tinye mmiri na simenti na a ruru nke 0,35. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ iji belata ike nke ruo 22,1, nkezi kwesịrị ka 0,5. Ke akpa idaha, na rebound pasent bụ 19,1; mgbe nke abụọ - 11.2. Kacha mmiri-ciment ruru bụ hà ịgba nke 0.4. Ngwa nke agbasara ihe na-emepụta na n'ígwé, nke kacha nta ọkpụrụkpụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ha ga-abụ banyere 6 millimeters. Mgbe etinyere ihe spraying nozulu ciment-egbe kwesịrị ịkpali na a helical ụzọ. Orient ọ ga-abụ na a nri n'akuku ka elu. Gbanwee n'akuku nwere ike ịbụ ubé, na-agbalị iji jupụta ke miri shei ma ọ bụ armature ohere.

Expert na ndụmọdụ

Onye ọ bụla oyi akwa ga-ekewet nke iche iche kwụ ibe onye elu bụ m. Ịdọ warara na onye ọ bụla ọzọ ga-abụ 20 sentimita. Ọ bụrụ na ọ chọrọ iji a putara ihe n'ejighị nwekwara, nke abụọ oyi akwa ga-na etinyere n'ime awa abụọ mgbe mbụ.