Sineti na Synod ụlọ ke St. Petersburg: reviews, nkọwa, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ

Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị ịtụnanya ụkpụrụ ụlọ kere nke Northern isi obodo na-ewere dị ka ụlọ nke Sineti na Synod. Na St. Petersburg, ọtụtụ ihe magburu onwe ụlọ, Otú ọ dị na nke a bụ nke ikpeazụ isi oru ngo nke ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Rossi aghọwo a nnọchianya nke mbubreyo classicism.

nnyocha

N'ezie, ọ bụghị otu onye, ma abụọ ụlọ, nke na-ugbu a n'otu n'okpuru otu aha - ụlọ nke Sineti na Synod. Na St. Petersburg, tupu abụọ obodo ndutịm ikike nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu nọ ụlọ nke iri na abụọ Colleges. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ndị na-ewu ewu na 1823, ochie ụlọ nke Admiralty aba yiri ihe ọhụrụ anya, nke natara ndị omeiwu ebe. E nwere mkpa dị ukwuu maka ya nwughari. Ọ bụ ya mere na 1824 a mpi a mara ọkwa maka oru ngo, nke atụmatụ iwuru a ọhụrụ ụlọ nke Sineti na Synod.

Na St. Petersburg, mbụ nkume tọrọ na-ewu 24 August 1829. Na mbụ anyị malite iwu ewu zubere maka Sineti, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị malitere na Synod nke ihe owuwu. Construction e dechara na 1834. The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke ụlọ nke Sineti na Synod - Karl Ivanovich Rossi. Construction ọrụ na ya oru ngo edu Alexander Shtaubert.

Prehistory

Ná mmalite, na saịtị nke ugbu a maka otu ihe na Synod dị ọkara osisi wuo ụlọ, ekesịpde Alexander Menshikov, na-esote - a mansion, onye na-achịkwa onye ahịa nwunye Kusovnikova. Mgbe Ya serene Onye nwem Prince bụ na ihere, ya ala na ụlọ na Neva River e zigara n'ime onwunwe nke osote chancelo A. I. Ostermana. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, na 1744, ihe owuwu e nyere Elizabeth A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Chancelo reconstructed ya, nyere ndị atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ A. Vista iwu ụlọ na Baroque style.

Na 1763, mgbe rigoro ocheeze Catherine II, ihe owuwu a kpọfere atụnye. Na ụlọ a fọrọ nke nta ozugbo kwagara Sineti. Ebe ọ bụ na 1780 ka 1790 n'oge na-ewu nke Baroque Bestuzhev-Ryumin ya ọzọ rụzigharịa: facades wee ọhụrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọgwụgwọ, na-ahụkarị nke Russian classicism.

Aha nke ikpeazụ na-ede akwụkwọ nke oru ngo, nke nwughari nke ụlọ e rụrụ, na-amaghị n'ihi na ụfọdụ. Otú ọ dị, ikpe ikpe site na ndụ na Academy nke Ọma Arts Museum collection Eserese nke ọdịda anyanwụ facade, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ji na-emepe emepe I.Starov.

History nke e kere eke

Mgbe na 1823 na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Zakharov okokụre ụbara Admiralty ụlọ, e nwere mkpa ịgbanwe atọ Central ebe nke Northern isi obodo: Sineti (ugbu a Decembrists), Obí na Admiralty, ebe Alexander Garden tọrọ ke mbubreyo iri na itoolu na narị afọ. Ndinam ebibiela n'oge ahụ n'ụlọ, nke chọpụtara Sineti, agaghịkwa izute ahụ-ọnụ ọgụgụ, na mkpokọta ije na ebube nke obodo center. Ma n'ihi na ọ chọrọ nwughari.

Ya iji nke eze ukwu, na mgbe ahụ n'ocheeze bụ Nicholas m, malitere iwu a obibi ọhụrụ maka Sineti na a otu image, na General Staff ụlọ, Sineti, Synod na St. Petersburg e rụrụ na a otu ụkpụrụ ụlọ ngwọta. Ya mere, na nke ikpeazụ ụlọ ahịa Kusovnikovoy zụtara. Na na ebe nke ụlọ Bestuzhev-Ryumin kpebiri iji rụọ a ụlọ nke Sineti.

oru ngo Nhọrọ

Na 1828 a mpi a mara ọkwa. Ọ e gara site Vasily Stasov, Pol Zhako, Smaragd Shustov, Vasily Glinka na, n'ezie, Russia. Sineti na Synod ụlọ ke Eserese asọ mpi nwere a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe ngwọta. Ka ihe atụ, Jaco nyere iwu otu ụlọ, nke ga-adị ka ndị Louvre gallery, Stas zubere wughachi naanị mbụ home of Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Rossi mekwara a oru ngo nke ụlọ elu abụọ na ejikọta ha onye ọ bụla ọzọ njiko imewe. Na ọ bụ ya mere taa anyị na-ahụ ụlọ nke Sineti na Synod.

Architect na ọkpụ

Iri na asatọ February 1829 oru ngo-a mma site Rossi. The isi ọrụ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ iji nye ụlọ uma kwekọrọ ekwekọ na nke ukwu ebe n'elu nke ya guzo. Ugbua na njedebe nke August na ukwu ibikwasị nke ulo, nke e kwesịrị na-agba ọsọ Sineti. Ntọala nke ụlọ tọrọ a-echeta ihe e dere ede na facade ịbịaru mma site Ya Ịdị ukwuu, ekesịpde Carlo Rossi. Na-ewu na-họpụtara ọzọ ma ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ - A. Shtaubert. Ọzọkwa, dị ka oru ngo, ụlọ a bụ nnọọ organically gụnyere a mgbidi ma chebe site n'ụlọ Bestuzhev-Rumin. Na na August 1830, mgbe jisiri zụta ụlọ Kusovnikovoy na ala akụ, ndị na-ewu nke Synod nke ụlọ malitere na ya ebe

Na July, 1831 Emperor Nicholas m mma ngo na sculptural mma. Na nke a, a iche iche na-egosi e nyere na ọnụ ọgụgụ a ka e sere na-"ibu", na-aba. Ke adianade do, ha nwere na-na-etinye na-ere ihe ochie uwe, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na a toga, na-ewepụ ihe niile na-trophies na e dere na akwụkwọ ndị ahụ.

Sculptural Registration na-ewe nanị ole na ole nka - S. Pimenov, V. Demuth-Malinovsky na P. Sokolov, nyere aka site N. Tokarev na P. edu ndú na ndị ọzọ. Ustinov e kere site ọkpụ dabeere ke akpa alcove na ekpe oyiyi nke "Okwukwe". Sokolov pịrị "nraranye" na Pimenov - na "Iwu" na "Justice".

Isi ma ọdụm masks, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị ọzọ ji achọ ihe na-mere site n'aka Torricelli. The sculptural mejupụtara emi odude ke n'uko, nakwa dị ka "ndị oke amamihe" akwụkwọ iwu na-arụ ọrụ Demuth-Malinovsky igba ọla kọpa factory Byrd.

mwube

Edebe n'ihu architects na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ nke na-enye ụlọ uma nke Sineti dị ka ịdị ukwuu nke Sineti Square, e edozi na nkà dị ukwuu na na a kpọmkwem echiche nke ọnụ ọgụgụ. The facade nke a nnukwu iji ogologo iji nweta Russia na-ede akwụkwọ nke oru ngo dịkwuo elu nke ụlọ ruo asatọ na ọkara fathoms. M ga-asị na ndị ọzọ na ụlọ nke Admiralty budata ala karịa ụlọ nke Sineti - by dị ukwuu dị ka narị abụọ na iri sentimita. Ná mmalite October 1832 ndị na-ewu ọrụ kwụsịrị, ozugbo malitere ime nke ma ụlọ. Na February n'afọ ọzọ eze ukwu na onwe mere nnyocha ahụ ụlọ ọrụ. Na na 1934, ụlọ e mechara.

atụmatụ

The center nke facade mejupụtara, n'ịkpụzi na grandiose ọnụ ọgụgụ na mkpa nke Sineti Square, Rossi kpebiri ime ka a ikpọ njiko, ẹsịn n'elu Galernaya n'okporo ámá. Ọ njikọ abụọ ụlọ n'ime otu ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju. N'ihi ya ndebanye Karl Ivanovich eji otu n'ime ha dị ka na mbụ mepụtakwara, ma ọ bụghị emejuputa atumatu oru site na njiko nke nhọrọ nyere na General Staff. Nke a ụkpụrụ ụlọ ngwọta esichara dabeere-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ budata nta obosara na ntụziaka. Na nke a, pụta ụwa ọdịdị nke ihe ndị mejupụtara nke na-enwe mmeri-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ e n'ụzọ zuru ezu chebere.

njiko

Ọ integrates ụlọ nke Sineti na Synod, na dechara a ọkpụkpụ emi odude ke n'uko nke a multi-ogbo. "Ikpe ziri ezi na ime nsọ nsọ", ya bụ na a na-akpọ omenkà Pimenov, V. Demuth-Malinovsky na AP Sokolov, na-anọchi anya n'otu nke ike ọchịchị abụọ - chọọchị ndị nke ụwa. N'elu nke a mejupụtara-akpụ na-arụ ọrụ ruo ihe dị ka otu afọ. Ke adianade ya, n'elu njiko, na ọnụ ọgụgụ a ka na-arụnyere, allegorically pụtara 'oke amamihe na-iwu. "

N'otu n'uko bụ atọ kpụrụ ya akpụ - "obodo iwu", "Iwu Chineke" nakwa dị ka "eke iwu." -Akpali nnọọ mmasị na ha na ọnọdụ. Na center, dị n'elu njiko, emblazoned buturu ibu Bas-akpọ "obodo iwu." N'etiti ihe oyiyi dị na ya, na-eti busts nke Peter Ukwu na Catherine II.

nkọwa

The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Sineti na Synod ụlọ - Russia - nyere na okwu nke atọ-storey akụkụ anọ na n'ogige ya. N'ụzọ mara mma ma na Ibulite staircases na ramp mere nke konkiri, icho mma n'ọnụ ụzọ. Ijuanya ọgaranya ìhè na onyinyo mmetụta na-kere site eri oké nri nke protruding akụkụ na facades nke ụlọ na niches. Nke a bụ a otutu enyemaka, na ọtụtụ moldings.

Synod fronted ụlọ n'ihu ma ndị eme mkpagharị des Anglais, na a mbụ Sineti Square. Ke ofụri ofụri, ndị ọkachamara kweere a-akpali nnọọ mmasị ụkpụrụ ụlọ haziri nke a na akụkụ nke ụlọ. Ya ahazi akuku. Ọ na-mma na nnukwu veranda nwere ogidi, kpọlite n'elu mbụ n'ala na-anakọtara asatọ ogidi nke dị na Kọrịnt iji, a nwayọọ usoro nke a na-agwụ agwụ, dị ka ndị nke oru ngo steepụ n'uko. Nke a ụkpụrụ ụlọ ngwọta ebube magburu akara na-eme mkpagharị des Anglais, na-enye ya a ọgaranya anya.

Ọ dịghị obere na-akpali bụ ya imewe na mbụ Conference Room na Sineti ụlọ, mgbidi nke na-mma na caryatids na pilasters nke stucco, nakwa dị ka kanopi, nke na-eme ka sere artist B. Medici. Ke n'etiti bụ a ocheeze nkpọchi-egbuke egbuke ogho uhie velvet.

mgbe mgbanwe

Na 1919, ndị Sineti na Synod kagburu. Ebe ọ bụ na 1925 na Central Historical Archives e odude ke ụlọ. Na 1936, ụlọ nke Sineti na Synod malite iweghachi, na facades e weghachiri eweghachi, na ọkpụkpụ, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị malitere imelite mbinye aka nnukwu steepụ. N'oge agha, abụọ ụlọ a kụrụ ike. Ha nwetara a ole na ole ogbunigwe shells mere ka arọ mmebi ụlọ. Almost Synodal ụka e bibiri.

The mweghachi ọrụ malitere n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1944 - tupu ọgwụgwụ nke agha. Na 2006, Historical Archives kpaliri, na ụlọ nke Sineti na Synod e zoro aka Ụlọikpe nke Russian Federation. Taa, e nwere a Presidential Library.

ọ bụ na-akpali

Ikpe ikpe site akwụkwọ, zuo nke mansion ahịa Kusovnikovoy eri ndebe akụ eze na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ego nke oge - puku narị isii na, mgbe ke 1796-m ibé e enyocha dị nnọọ asaa na ọkara puku. The onye nnabata, proznav na na ebe nke ụlọ ya ga-wuru ụlọ nke Synod kpebiri Jack elu price, na mgbakwunye na nke ngụkọta ego nke-iri-ngo na-agụnye ọtụtụ ndị ọchịchị.

Na-arụ ọrụ na song "Ikpe ziri ezi na ime nsọ nsọ," ọkpụ nke ụlọ nke Sineti na Synod Pimenov nwụrụ. Ọrụ ya e dechara site nwa-ya.