Soviet armored pesonel ụgbọelu BTR-152: nkọwa

The nsogbu nke ụgbọ njem pesonel mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nke ukwuu-echegbu onwe niile Soviet imewe bureaus, na karịsịa High Command. Dabere na n'oge gara aga, ọ bụ ihe doro anya na ihe maka nzube a ot gwongworo nanị omempụ, ebe ọ bụ na ihe ọ bụla nke m, wakporo iro ugbo elu ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọkụ si obere ogwe aka nwere ike zitere n'ime nchefu dum ngalaba. Ọ bụ ndabere nke ndị a reflections na mbụ classic armored pesonel ụgbọelu BTR-152.

Katapila ma ọ bụ wheel?

Na ajụjụ a abụghị na-abaghị uru, ọbụna taa. Ná mmalite ahụmahụ nke anyị na-emepụta na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, nnyocha ndị e mere e rụrụ ma ntụziaka. First merie Nkwado Okwukwe tracks: igwe ndị a ịnara aka azụ ya cross, ha nwere ike kpọgidere a otutu ihe agha. Ma, e nwere nsogbu ụfọdụ.

Akpa, mgbagwoju anya nke ọzụzụ maka-arụzi ụgbọala, ọkwọ ụgbọala nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá bụ nnukwu na obere ala karịa ihe ọmụmụ maka ụgbọ mmiri tanker. Motorized bipu dị ka bụ na mbụ a uka nke agha, na azụ ndị a ukwuu nke nkà dị ukwuu ọkachamara e ịghọta. Ke adianade do, ọ na-emetụta ndị na-adịghị mma ahụmahụ nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya.

Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere lọjistik. Esoro armored ugbo ala, ọbụna dị ka mbido mgbawa nwere na-eri ọbụlagodi 1/3 ọzọ mmanụ ụgbọala, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-ele na ogwe aka ikwu na arọ, na ọbụna karị. Olee otú welite a mvssu dizel ọhụrụ nnukwu agha?

Ke adianade do, wheel nke igwe bụ akakamade mfe iji rụọ ọrụ, idozi na n'ichepụta, ndị ọrụ ndụ nke ha ihe ndị ọzọ. N'ikpeazụ, ndị a APCs ndị dịtụ mfe ime-ese n'elu mmiri, mgbe na esoro ugbo ala dị otú ahụ feint crank otu nza ike. Oke ka e mere, iji na-amụnye a 152-APC.

Malite nke development

Ugbua na mmalite 1946, osisi na oru VMS teren ZIS-151 ụgbọala. Ọzọ, ahụmahụ nke gara aga afọ, na ụgbọala e mere ọgwa, dokwara ọma ruru eru maka ojiji na akụ na ụba mba, na agha. N'oge na-adịghị, ndị na-emepụta ghọtara na nnọọ eluigwe na ala na-eme naanị na akụkọ ifo na nrọ, na-elekwasị anya na-eme nnyocha na ubi nke kpere agha transporter, nke natara index "Object-140".

Eji ígwè ọrụ ọkọlọtọ ZIS. Ọzọkwa ọ e biiri si etiti ma, na truncated 385 mm. Ma nke a circuit layout emepụta eji na atọ axles. N'adịghị ka ndị mbụ nlereanya e ji agbatiri nkwusioru njem, na ndị ọzọ dị ike, akp na mesikwuru iyi.

taya nkọwa

Taya - na ikpọ ma dị ike nko na-enye ubara permeability nke fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla ụdị ala, ọ bụla ihu igwe na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe.

Taya chere iji naanị ala nsogbu (4 n'arọ / cm ^3). N'ihi na ihe niile àkwà mmiri ide a otu track. Iguzogide mmebi (gụnyere n'oge shelling) emepụta ama mbụ zubere ka ga-enweta site na iji a usoro na abụọ ụlọ na n'ịnyịnya ngwaọrụ centralized inflating ha na ọ laa. Iji 152 APCs ike wepu agha si ize ndụ ebe na ọsọ kacha nke igwe engine na-amanye ozugbo 118-122 lita. a. (Meela ya n'ezie n'ezie uru ma adịghị gafere 110 l. C.).

Main e ji mara nke igwe

Casing - ụgbọelu ụdị, welded si agha efere, onye ọkpụrụkpụ bụ 6, 8, 10 na 13 mm. Site na-eche echiche ma ò nchepụta nke frontal agha ikpeazụ nwere ike "na-" ọkụkụ mgbọ 12.7 mm. Engine ogige - n'ihu igwe, akara modul dị n'azụ ya. Dị ka BTR-40, ọdịda n'ọnụ mmiri nke a unit e odude ke azụ na bụ kpam kpam na-emeghe ke n'elu.

Maka nchebe si airborne ájá na ọdịda eji mbughari tarpaulin. Embarkation na ọdịda e rụrụ site a ụzọ na azụ nke kabinet. Ke n'ihu akụkụ e nwere ibo abụọ nke rịgoro ụgbọala ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na onye agha.

onwe-agbachitere ngwaahịa APC

Front agha mpempe akwụkwọ nwere a wuru na-blinds, mmemmem zoro ezo nyochaa nke agbata maka ndi oru ugbo. Manholes na ọgụ ọnọdụ na-atụ anya na-emechi na okpu na inserts nke armored n'obi, bullet-àmà iko. The mejupụtara nke mkpara na ngwá agha nke onwe-152 armored pesonel ebu gụnyere: 7,62 mm SG-47 (igwe egbe Goryunova usoro), nke e mesịrị dochie SGM. N'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, olu nke mgbọ gafere otu puku agba nke mgbọ.

The ngwá agha nwere ike n'ịnyịnya na onye nke ogwe aka ya na ha na onye ọ bụla n'akụkụ (ibé abụọ ọ bụla). Ọzọkwa na n'akụkụ ọ dị mgbe a isii gburugburu loopholes, eji nke, na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike ọkụ si onye-eji égbè agbagbu. Maka okwu dịtụ siri ike na mfe radio 10-pt-12.

Mpaghara akwukwo nke ala ule, nkwubi n'elu ya

First BTR-152, nke nwere a foto ke ibuotikọ wee na-ekpe ikpe n'oge 1947. N'otu oge ahụ "mpi" atọ mmepụta igwe usoro. The ule results enen ndị magburu onwe atụmanya nke ọhụrụ armored pesonel ebu. Karịsịa, ya permeability bụ budata elu karịa na nke GAZ-63. Na okporo ụzọ ụgbọ ala nwere ike mee ngwangwa ozugbo 80-85 km / h. Mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, nlereanya APC-152 ka kpamkpam gafere niile anwale nkebi, ụgbọala e eze-etinye n'ime ọrụ nke Soviet Army.

Issue na ụdi modernization

Armored ụgbọala na-emepụta na osisi VMS. Ke ofụri ofụri, ihe niile kwetara na eche na ihe ndị na-emepụta jisiri ike a pụtara dị mfe, ma ukwu-pụrụ ịdabere na ụgbọ ala na-bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na nzube. N'ezie, ụfọdụ adịghị ndidi hers. Ka ihe atụ, ike ya njupụta bụ dịtụ na-adịghị ike, na permeability (mgbe tụnyere esoro ugbo ala) ke iru ezigbo. Ma niile a stof.

The modernization nke BTR-152 e rụrụ ekemende, mgbe nke ígwè ọrụ nwere index B. Nke a version e kuchiri na 1955, ma n'otu oge ya ulo oru n'ime uka mmepụta. Isi ihe dị iche site na ihe ndị bụ isi ihe nlereanya ndị mmiri na mgbakọ niile teren ZIL-157 ụgbọala, bụ nke dochie ZIL-151 na factory nzukọ akara. Otú ọ dị, isi ọhụrụ nke a igwe bụ iji wụnye mma, "elu" centralized ikuku onu oriri usoro nke taya (12.00 x 18).

Patency na ọgụ survivability nke armored pesonel ebu n'otu oge na-budata ụba. N'ikpeazụ, 152 armored pesonel ebu (Soviet armored pesonel ụgbọelu) natara a dị ike winch samovytaskivaniya, ukwuu mfe ndụ nke ya akwọ ụgbọala. , Nke pụtara na 1957, mgbanwe nke B1, natakwara a ọhụrụ version nke a Central taya onu oriri usoro, nke e mma na-echebe site na o kwere omume mmebi. N'ikpeazụ, ụgbọ ala natara a ọhụrụ redio P-113, bụ ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na.

ikpeazụ mgbanwe

Odika na n'otu oge ahụ site armored pesonel ebu malitere ibute abalị ọhụụ TVN-2, na ọdịda n'ọnụ mmiri na-akpatre kpo oku usoro na ozugbo ekele ndị agha Trans-Baikal Military District. Na 1959, na ogwe aka na-aga serial Soviet BTR-152K, nnukwu iche nke bụ ọnụnọ nke a nkịtị armored elu ụlọ na iyuzucha ofufe.

A ụlọ bụ nnọọ nti mmetụta na nchekwa nke ọdịda. N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, ojiji nke ndị dị otú ahụ a constructive ngwọta bụ n'ihi ntoputa nke njikere NATO ngwá agha nuklia na dị iche iche ọdịiche.

Mgbanwe ndị kasị ukwuu nke ikpeazụ mgbanwe

Firstly, ahụ elu amụbawo ozugbo 300 mm. The dum ogologo nke ụlọ e nwere a onu emechi site agha efere. Oke cover dị mfe na-emeghe, ha na-articulated na torsion mmanya. Emergency ụzọ emi odude ke n'azụ nke igwe, na ya mapụtara wheel ndokwasa. N'elu akwọ ụgbọala oche e mere iche iche flaapu chọrọ maka echichi nke abalị ọhụụ ngwaọrụ TVN-2.

Dị ka na aga na nsụgharị, ihe armored pesonel ụgbọelu anọ brackets maka arịọnụ igwe egbe, ma ndị a na-arụnyere na n'akụkụ nke na-ekekọta abụghị ikpe, kama na na ụlọ. Na ọrụ nke na ngwá agha nwere ike na-eje ozi a nlereanya SGMB ma ọ bụ FCT. Onye agha ọnọdụ bụ dị n'elu akara ngalaba. Ọ ga-kwuru na ụfọdụ n'ime ndị armored ugbo ala na-abụkarị nke na-enweghị egbe.

N'adịghị ka gara aga ọdịiche, nke a agha BTR-152 enweghị oche maka ndi oru ugbo arụnyere na na n'elu nke mmanụ ụgbọala tankị. N'ihi nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke paratroopers ama esịn, ma budata ụba ọgụ survivability nke igwe. Ke adianade do, innovations e gosiri na imewe nke engine, nke natara aluminum cylinder isi.

Ịmepụta a onwe-propelled egbe nrụnye

Nlereanya a bụ nke mbụ na nke ikpeazụ n'ime Soviet Army ekpe Usoro, dabere na nke e kere pụrụ iche na onwe-propelled igwe egbe. The mbụ nlereanya, BTR-152A (ZTPU-2), amalitela emepụta na 1950, ọ fọrọ nke nta n'otu oge na ntọhapụ nke ihe armored pesonel ụgbọelu. Eze, a Usoro e tinyere n'ime ọrụ ke 1951.

Ma na 1952, na ala ule wee ezi "ogologo anụ mmiri" ZTPU-4 (abụọ paired KPVT, a ngụkọta nke anọ gbọmgbọm caliber 14.5 mm). Mgbọ nke a ígwè bụ 2000 gbaa. Firepower technology kemgbe egwu, kama n'ihi na ihe ndị na-nke ntuziaka aiming bụ nnọọ ike ịmụta ihe, ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na ndị agha echichi na-agaghị mere.

Mere a nhọrọ bụ nanị ole na ole akwụkwọ, adiaha "ebua, 'adịghị e. Ebe ọma bụ zu-23 caliber 23 mm, na a pụrụ iche igwe akara BTR-152U, a akụkụ pụrụ iche nke bụ ahụ na a budata ụba elu. E mere nke a iji na-dabara na esịtidem olu ibu ngwá.

Taa, BTR-152 na nchekwaba na-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị bara ọgaranya na-anakọta na Fans nke na ngwá agha, na onye na-eme ka ha pụrụ iche ugbo ala iji njem na ịchụ nta na ịkụ azụ.