Spring Java: fundamentals na nkuzi maka beginners

Ka ụbọchị, fọrọ nke nta niile ngwa iji a scripting mmemme usoro - Spring Java. Ndị isi uru nke asụsụ a bụ na onye ọrụ na-nyere ohere ịzụlite a mmemme n'ụdị a mfe set nke rụrụ-tinyere ihe na-adịghị jikọrọ ọ bụla ọzọ.

Nanị tinye, na ole na ole ngwa nkeji na-jikọrọ, mfe ọ bụ aha ndị ọhụrụ atụmatụ na n'otu oge akara ama ẹdude Ọdịdị. Otu nke na-egbuke egbuke na kasị mfe ihe atụ bụ management nke azụmahịa. Na Spring Java azụmahịa management Ọdịdị na-enye onwe ha nke isi mgbagha Njikọta na nchekwa data. Ọ bụla mgbanwe Baịbụl imewe ga-emetụta na azụmahịa, ya bụ, adịghị emerụ ahụ echiche bụ isi nke usoro ihe omume. Spring nwere modularity.

The dị iche iche ihe na owuwu nwere ike na-ehichapụ ma ọ bụ kwukwara na ihe ọ bụla ebe fọrọ onwe ọ bụla ọzọ. N'ezie, usoro ihe omume nwere ike kere dị otú ahụ n'ụzọ na ọ dịghị ọbụna na-aghọta na-achịkwa site Spring Java. Ke adianade do, scripting asụsụ ukwuu simplifies unit ule, ebe ọ bụ na mmewere, mere maka IoC ọdịnaya, dị nnọọ ezu igba ụgha mmekọrịta na onwe nwalee ọrụ na izi ezi nke ya na nkowa.

Spring bụkwa Java ukwuu simplifies initialization na n'iji ya gee ntị na ihe nke usoro ihe omume, nke pụtara na ị nwere ike mfe na seamlessly hazi ngwa maka onwe ha, na-enweghị na-eme ka a zuru ụwa ọnụ reconfiguration, tumadi Spring koodu.

Taa, i nwere ike ịhụ na Java Spring Akwụkwọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na asụsụ dị iche iche (English, Russian, wdg wdg). Ya mere imeri "Java" na ị nwere ike nwere, ma anyị na-na na na ya, ị ga na-agbalị aka!

n'ime Spring

Olee otú ije "nke Java Spring" site n'ime, eleghị anya maara bụghị onye ọ bụla. Ya mere, ka anyị lee anya na ihe nkowa Ọdịdị:

• Isetịpụ na-agụ na-abata BeanDefinition onodu nhazi (XML, JavaConfig, Groovy na AnnotationConfigApplicationContext). Mgbe mbụ ogbo niile ihu - BeanDefinition. Dabere na oke nke nhazi bụ mkpa na-eji ihe kwesịrị ekwesị usoro - agụ na-abata omume mmiri.
• Isetịpụ kere ihu (ụdị) - BeanDefinition.
• Wụnye omenala ihe eji FactoryBean.
• Ịmepụta atụ (roughing) bins.
• Isetịpụ kere agwa.
• Nwaleenụ arụmọrụ dere bins.

Spring: mmalite

Ọ bụrụ na ị dị nnọọ kpebiri amalite inwe ịmara ndị mmemme on "Java Spring", jide n'aka na-amalite Java na Spring (kpuchie). Nke a bụ otu nke mfe ụzọ nke na-emeghe iyi software n'ihi na nke a n'elu ikpo okwu "Java". Kpuchie na-emepụta a na-agbanwe agbanwe Ọdịdị na ike mfe a n'ọrụ kasị nke aga-eme na na-na mbụ kọwara dabeere na Java. Mfe na nghọta kpuchie ga-ekwe ka ị na-ahụ gị onwe gị na-emehie ihe dị na mkpoputa.

Spring nwere ike kọwara dị ka a collection of ọtụtụ onwe ha frameworks, nakwa dị ka ihe mgbagwoju owuwu (ke kpuchie, kpuchie). Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a owuwu nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ onwe, Otú ọ dị, ha na-egosi dị ukwuu nke arụmọrụ mgbe na-ekere òkè ngwa amalite. Ndị a mmiri na-ekewa bughi akụkụ nke mgbagwoju mmemme, dabere na nzube ha:

• Njikwa - inversion nke akara. Gbaa mbọ hụ na ziri ezi ọrụ, na-ahụ maka nhazi nke ngwa ihe na mezie ọtọ okirikiri nke Java akpọkwa.
• Access ka data - arụmọrụ-achọ jikwaa a relational nchekwa data (DB) na Java. Na nke a kpuchie na ngwọta na-enye a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nsogbu na ndabere nke Java gburugburu.
• The kpuchie akụkụ-orienting nhazi. Arụ ọrụ na mmiri a na-apụghị ghọtara enweghị ihe ọ bụla na ọnwụ na Java.
• azụmahịa management. Framework achikota site AP na ngwá ọrụ iji hazie ihe akara azụmahịa maka Java ọcha.
• ime ohere na management kpuchie ya. Nhazi emee mpaghara.
• Nyocha na ikike. Akwado configurations na ọtụtụ na-ewu ewu na ogbugba ndu site Spring Security.

Ka ụbọchị, maka niile frameworks na "Spring" awade a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ohere:

• Automatic akụ management.
• Wezụga njikwa mmiri maka data ohere isịneke "Spring".
• Uzo management nke azụmahịa n'oge ọ bụla data arụmọrụ.
• Unzipping ego.
• abstraction nhazi na ọtụtụ formats.

I kwesịrị ịghọta nzube nke niile frameworks, dị ka bụ ntọala nke Java Spring. N'ihi na beginners na-atụ aro ka na-amalite na-amụta niile mmiri n'ime iche iche na-agbalị iji ihe ha na-atụ.

Olee otú ime ka a dị mfe ngwa na Java Spring (kpuchie)

ngwa nhazi na Spring nwere ike mere na ọtụtụ ụzọ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị na-atụle ga-pụtara dị mfe takeaway nhazi na XML-file. Nke a na ụdị omenala eji na ọtụtụ nsụgharị nke Java Spring. N'ihi na beginners, anyị nwere ike ikwu iji ngwaọrụ dị ka Java (1.5), tomcat (6), ndanda (1.7), eklips (3), junit 4x.

Iji kọwaa a dị mfe ọrụ na Java Spring, i kwesịrị arapara n'aka:

• Mepụta nke Ọdịdị nke ngwa. Iji mee nke a ị ga-awụnye a pụrụ iche nkwụnye eklips - Spring ide. Ọ dịkwa mkpa ka ike a oru ngo na Springapp na Ọzọkwa tinye a folder agha.
• Mepụta index.jsp. Na Java Spring web Ọzọkwa nye iwu WEB-inf na-etinye ya na web.xml.
• Deploim omume tomcat. Iji idokwa ngwa, ị ga-eji ndanda-edemede, nke ga-ebu a iche maka chịkọtara, nyefe na usoro Ọdịdị.
• Full prescribing ngwa niile, ime ule. Malite tomcat na-emeghe a web na peeji nke na adreesị: localhost: 8080 / springapp /.
• Mgbe ahụ mkpa ka ị wụnye Spring Framework, na unzip ya.

Mgbe a na ogbo anyị nwere ike ikwu na ị na-ngwa ngwa dechara netwọk gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ. Mgbe ahụ ị chọrọ ka ịhazie Spring Java config:

• First mkpa ka anyị mee mgbanwe ụfọdụ ka web.xml, nke ị ga-ahụ na WEB-inf folder. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ anyị bụ aha ndị dispatcher input ngwa arịrịọ.
• Anyị na-eme usoro ihe omume na-arịọ ọsọ ọsọ. Anyị kpebiri arịrịọ niile na ụdị '.htm' eduzi ndị servlet faili.
• Mgbe ahụ idetuo data n'ọbá akwụkwọ na WEB-inf / lib.
• Mepụta a njikwa springapp.web na ugwu ule.
• Jụọ n'ụdị ma kpokọta ngwa na a nkesa.
• Gbalịa na-agba ọsọ ngwa.

Gịnị ka anyị mere na Spring Java? Dummies ụfọdụ nke n'elu depụtara ihe na-adịghị anya, ya mere, na-agbalị na-akọwa dị mfe:

1. Anyị kere a page ntabi-amalite index.jsp, nke na-eje ozi na-elele correctness nke echichi gburugburu ebe obibi.
2. Anyị ịdenyere aha na kwesịrị ekwesị njikwa nkọwa file springapp-servlet.xml.
3. Anyị kere a njikwa na a kenyere ederede maka ya.
4. Jụrụ nke ngwa.

Gịnị bụ Java Spring Security, gịnịkwa mere e ji dị mkpa?

Spring Security-enye gị ohere ikike na nyochaa ngwa. Ke adianade do, kpuchie na-enye ndị nche nke ụlọọrụ ebumnobi, nke na-kere iji Spring Framework.

The isi mmiri nke Spring Nche:

• SecurityContextHolder. O nwere ozi ugbu a na nchekwa, na-agụnye ihe ọmụma zuru ezu banyere onye ọrụ ndị malitere ngwa. Ndabere SecurityContextHolder echekwa ozi ke a ThreadLocal, nke pụtara na nche onodu dị niile ụzọ na-emejuputa atumatu na iyi.
• SecurityContext. O nwere ihe nile ọmụma banyere nche nke usoro, nke a na njikọ aka ọrụ arịrịọ, nakwa dị ka nyocha ihe.
• Nyocha. User ghotara si software n'akụkụ.
• GrantedAuthority. Ọ na-egosi ikikere na onye ọrụ ahụ natara obosara ngwa.
• UserDetails. Egosiputa ozi ndị dị mkpa maka nyocha ntọala si na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ nke nche na usoro. O nwere ozi dị ka onye ọrụ aha otutu, paswọọdụ, na ọkọlọtọ.
• UserDetailsService. Ji kee UserDetails site na mmejuputa atumatu a usoro nke a interface.

tụnyere Java

Integration Java Spring - a pụrụ iche kpuchie na-agụnye mwube ọrụ, na-ahụ maka ezipụ ozi. Ke adianade do, ihe a na-bụ maka iwuli a dị ike, ije-eme atụmatụ:

• Routers.
• Nkwụnye maka interoperability na ndị ọzọ na usoro.
• Activators ọrụ.
• Nkesa et al.

Spring Hadoop

VMware bụ ọhụrụ mmepe, bụ nke jikọtara abụọ nnukwu oru - Apache Hadoop na Spring. N'etiti ọtụtụ uru nke ọhụrụ kpuchie bụ inye ụfọdụ bụ isi. Ha bụ:

• nhazi support na ndabere nke HBase.
• Professional Support ogbe Spring.
• Nkwado maka ojiji na Java Spring mwekota.
• Parameterization nke Hadoop nhazi.
• Template nhazi ngwaọrụ ejikọta mmiri Hadoop.
• Declarative nkwado maka Hadoop ngwaọrụ.
• Programmable nkwado maka Hadoop mmiri.

Java abanye n'ọnọdụ ezumike

Fọrọ nke nta niile web ngwa nwere ike ime na-enweghị na-akpakọba nnukwu ichekwa ihe ọmụma. Dị ka a n'ozuzu na-achị, iji dozie nsogbu a site na iji a dịgasị iche iche nke pụrụ iche omume - .. Database, wdg Ọdịdị nke nzukọ na ugboro nke na ojiji nke nchekwa data nwere ike kere n'ime ọtụtụ subgroups, na ya mere na relational bụ kasị. A, nkọwa nke data owuwu nnukwu ezuru, na do bụghị mgbe niile ojiji ha esikwa.

Java Spring - technology ikwado ngwa nke ide - na-atụ aro iji ihe ORM (Object-Relational nkewa). Implements usoro n'ọbá akwụkwọ abanye n'ọnọdụ ezumike, nke-agbanwe ndị data si otu ụdị ọzọ. Ke adianade do, ọ pụrụ inyere gị mfe melite njikọ na nchekwa data faịlụ na azụmahịa management.

N'ihi mgbanwe nke otu klas ọzọ na Java abanye n'ọnọdụ ezumike Spring, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche generators:

• Increment.
• Identity.
• Usoro.
• Hilo.
• Seqhilo.
• Uuid.
• Guid.
• Native.
• E Kenyere.
• Foreign.
• usoro-amata.

The uru nke na-eji Java abanye n'ọnọdụ ezumike Spring:

• Simple Ọdịdị na interconnection usoro DB na POJO.
• Automatic ọgbọ nke Primary Key mmiri.
• HQL.
• Cache: Nke abụọ larịị, Oge Ọkwa na, n'ezie, Ajụjụ.
• Good arụmọrụ.
• Nlele Outer Jikọọ.

Practice maka beginners

One si nnọọ mfe ederede oru na Java Spring ngwa bụ dee 'hello'. The n'elu ikpo okwu na-adịghị achọ ọ bụla ọzọ ndebanye ma ọ bụ ọ bụla mgbagwoju anya aghụghọ na shapes na bootstrap. Anyị na-eji a mfe html enweghị okwu. Na ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ndị bụ isi na ụdị bụ:

• Text entry ubi "hello."
• Key "ike a ndekọ", site na ịpị na nke anyị ederede a ga-eziga maka nhazi na echekwara na nchekwa data.
• The ndepụta, nke ga-egosipụta tupu ya ekee a ndekọ.

More adịghị anyị mkpa ihe ọ bụla. Anyị na-atụgharị na Java Spring. omume:

• N'ezie, setịpụrụ na kọmputa gị Java.
• Tinye Maven.
• Mepụta a Spring-buut imewe.
• Wụnye nchekwa data.
• Ndisuan nlereanya klaasị. Ọ kasị mma ike ụfọdụ onye.
• Mejuputa ọrụ na mmiri na-eji ike-agụ-update-ihichapụ.
• Mepụta a n'ụdị na jsp.
• Tie gị ụdị ihe kwesịrị ekwesị njikwa.

Gịnị bụ MVC, na nwere otú ọ na-ejikọrọ na Spring

MVC - a proprietary n'elu ikpo okwu, "Spring", nke a na-elekwasị anya na onye ọrụ na-arịọ. Ọ bụ nyere a mgbakọ na mwepụ na-ele niile ihe ịma aka-orienting usoro ọrụ. Nịm onye ọ bụla interface kwesịrị mfe na nkenke nke na ọrụ nwere ike optionally re-mejuputa ngwa enweghị nsogbu ọ bụla. Nke a n'elu ikpo okwu paves kpọmkwem njikọ ahụ n'ihu-end-koodu. All ihu metụtara na ihe Servlet API. N'ihi na nke a mmekọrịta na-ukwuu mfe ngwa mmemme.

Ihe kacha mkpa ihu na-agụnye:

• Model - nlereanya data.
• View - map anya.
• Njikwa - management, na nguzobe nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mbụ na nke abụọ.

Ihe kacha mkpa ihu na-agụnye:

• HandlerAdapter.
• Njikwa.
• View.
• HandlerMapping.
• ViewResolver.
• HandlerInterceptor.
• LocaleResolver.
• MultipartResolver.

Java Spring MVC (nlereanya-view-controlle) emepe Mmepụta a ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na:

• A doro anya ma dị mfe nkewa n'etiti arịrịọ.
• Onye ọ bụla interface bụ nanị maka ya ma ọ bụ ya akụkụ.
• The interface ga-agbanwe site na iji ihe ọzọ, mmejuputa iwu-na-enweghị nsogbu.
• All ihu jikọtara API Servlet.
• Elu etoju nke arụmọrụ na ọrụ maka web ngwa.
• The ikike iji dị iche iche nke "Spring", ọ bụghị naanị MVC (nlereanya-view-controlle).

Ihe bụ isi ngwugwu

Ihe bụ isi ngwugwu bụ ndị kasị mkpa akụkụ nke usoro na-enyere dependency ogwu ogbugba, enye gị ohere jikwaa agwa akpa arụmọrụ. Ihe bụ isi echiche ebe a bụ BeanFactory, nke na-enye a factory ụkpụrụ, gharazie ịdị mkpa maka software nkwado maka singletons na-enye gị ohere ikewapụ nhazi na nkọwapụta nke dependencies si n'ezie omume mgbagha.

DAO ngwugwu na-enye a JDBC-abstraction oyi akwa na-ewepu mkpa ime tedious JDBC-nzuzo na database analysis of kpọmkwem njehie codes na-eweta. Ke adianade do, ị pụrụ ime ka software nakwa dị ka declarative azụmahịa management, ọ bụghị nanị maka klas na mejuputa ihu, ma gị niile Pojos (larịị ochie Java akpọkwa).

ORM ngwugwu na-enye mwekota n'ígwé na-ewu ewu API maka nkewa relational ihe, gụnyere JDO, n'ọnọdụ ezumike na Ibatis. Iji ORM ngwugwu i nwere ike iji niile O / R-mappers na Nchikota na ndị ọzọ Spring-ọkọnọ ọrụ.

AOP ngwugwu na-enye dakọtara Spring akụkụ-ndị dabeere mmemme, mmejuputa iwu, AOP Alliance, ikwe na-ekpebi ihe atụ, usoro nke intercepting na decouple code mmejuputa arụmọrụ.

Ime metadata na isi iyi, i nwere ike na-agụnye iche iche nke omume ozi n'ime gị koodu, dị ka NET-àgwà.

Spring Web ngwugwu na-enye isi web-mwekota atụmatụ, dị ka multipart arụmọrụ, initialization nke ebube iji servlet-ege ntị na onodu nke web-dabere na ngwa. Mmejuputa iwu-na Spring MVC enye a doro anya nkweaputa domain nlereanya koodu na web ụdị na-enye gị ohere iji niile ndị ọzọ na atụmatụ nke Spring Framework maka nkwenye.

Chọrọ maka domain akpọkwa

Iji JPA ngwa arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa inyocha na ịchọpụtakwa correctness nke na-ede otú ahụ na-arịọ:

• "Java" -binom ma ọ bụ POJO.
• Ndị klas ahụ na-agaghị na-ketara (bụghị ikpeazụ).
• Aha Constructor. Standard bụ enweghị ihe ọ bụla kwa.
• Dee implements Serializable. Nke a dị mkpa nke na mmiri nwere ike cached na a pụrụ iche.
• Deba aha ẹfiọk niile ubi, ya bụ, ihe ike a ga-echekwara na nchekwa data, ma ha nwere a Primary isi.
• Ọnụnọ nke àgwà.
• The getters kpọmkwem banyere collection of akpọkwa, kama a akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ekwesighi iji arrays, n'ihi na mgbe ị kwesịrị laghachi anyị Hazienụ, ị mkpa aha a oyiri nke ya. Ke adianade do, nnọọ ike si otu n'usoro nke ketara eketa.
• Maara na akwụkwọ ozi ahụ. Tupu na-arụ ọrụ na Java Spring, mkpa ka ị na-aghọta ọtụtụ nke usoro na ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ dịgasị iche iche. Nanị tinye, na-nwetụrụ echiche ihe ọ bụ na ihe ọ na-eji.
• Gbalịa dee ha onwe ha otu n'ime ndị kacha aga-eme. Ka ihe atụ, _PRIVET_ ngwa "agwọ" ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.
• -Aghọ maara na WEB. Best of niile a ga-enyere online ọmụmụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọghị ya, sere azụ maka akwụkwọ na ịghọta ọhụrụ echiche ama aka.
• Gbalịa siere ndị dị mfe egwuregwu mgbagwoju anya _privet_ ihe mgbagwoju aghụghọ. Ọzọkwa anyị nwere ike ikwu na ị na-agbalị ide a dị mfe na ngwa na ike bara uru ka ị na ndụ n'ezie. Ya mere, ị ga-adị mfe ịmụta nke a mmemme usoro.

Inyeaka otu ihe

E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na klas:

• "Spring Dao". Nke a na klas na-enyere aka na-arụ ọrụ na a DB (nchekwa data).
• Sprining azụmahịa. Dị ka a na-achị, mgbe ede ngwa mgbe nile, a Azụmahịa Manager. Ozugbo ọrụ ahụ kọwara ụzọ, na azụmahịa ga-kwukwara na-akpaghị aka kere na-agwụ agwụ.
• Sprining Security. Nke a na klas na-akọwa ọrụ Nyocha (nbanye, paswọọdụ, na t.). Rụọ ọrụ nke ọma ike dịkarịa ala 10 binomials iji nweta ubara arụmọrụ ke Security arụmọrụ.

Nyopụta isi ndebiri na Java Spring

Imete ndị kpọmkwem scripting usoro nke mmemme dị ka "Java Spring", i nwere ike ịhụ dị iche iche ndebiri. Dị ka a na-achị, ọ bụghị ihe niile na saịtị ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ, i nwere ike ịhụ ha transcript, ya mere, ka anyị hụ ihe bụ Java Spring. atụ:

• Inversion nke Control - IoC - Inversion ịchịkwa ma ọ bụ, ndị ọzọ nanị, isi ngwa modul.
• AOP - akụkụ-indicative mmemme. Ekele a modul "Java" nwere ike seamlessly jikọọ ọ bụla ohere uche na aha e ndị dị mkpa koodu.
• MVC - Model-view-njikwa - a ahaziri ụkpụrụ na-akọwa na-akọwa a usoro maka iwu imewe nke ngwa niile, na-enye mmekọrịta nke n'akụkụ nile nke otu usoro. Emepụta web saịtị.
• Class WEB e mere na-ikwado mmepe nke kpuchie nke ikike, bụ maka ohere na bins, na na. D.
• ORM- ihe-Relational nkewa - njikọ DB (nchekwa data) na echiche nke ihe-orienting mmemme usoro ike ọhụrụ virtual database.
• DAO e mere na-arụ ọrụ na ọdụ data na Ọdịdị nke "Spring".
• Service Abstraction - ezipụta ihu (ọdịdị) nke ngwa na bụ maka abstracting nsogbu.

Taa, i nwere ike ịhụ ọtụtụ nke bara uru na-akpali ozi na Java Spring. Lessons, Nkuzi, webinars ga-enyere gị aka seamlessly inyocha scripting mmemme asụsụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-enwe nsogbu ọ bụla na-ede ihe ngwa, nyochaa akwụkwọ maka "Spring", nke na-ede akwụkwọ na-akọwa na-ezu ezu niile chọrọ maka "Java" ma zaa ajụjụ, otú ndozi Ugboro emehie ihe.