Taa - ihe ọ bụ. Mejupụtara na Ngwa

Ka ịmepụta a àgwà na a pụrụ ịdabere na ụzọ elu e nwere dị iche iche na mejupụtara na Njirimara nke ihe. Otu n'ime ha bụ tar. Gịnị bụ nke a umi, ihe Njirimara ya nwere na ebe ọdabara, ọ na-nnọọ nke ọma mara na akpa ebe na-ewu ụlọ na okporo ụzọ na-arụ ọrụ. People of ndị okenye ọgbọ, bụ onye tolitere na Soviet Union, ga-echeta ihe mbụ ha chịngọm - tar. Hibere resinous umi a kpụrụ site post nhazi mmanụ na-enwe a viscous Ọdịdị na kwupụtara nwa. Mkpụrụ sludge bụ site 8 na 45 percent site na ibu ibu nke na mmanụ.

Taa - gịnị ka ọ bụ

Ndabere nke ihe a na-mmanụ ngwaahịa, otú ahụ mejupụtara nke tar dị yiri nnọọ ka mmanụ ụmụ irighiri ihe. Ha na-amanyere bụ iwu nke mmiri:

- Petroleum resin esịnede hydrocarbons nke mgbagwoju mejupụtara na ịkụziri tar viscosity na stringiness.

- Asphalt - solids na-amụba ihe kwes kwụsie ike.

- Asphalt asịd na ha anhydrides enwe a resinous anọgidesi na yiri polinaftenovym asịd.

- Ọzọkwa amanyere bụ iwu akụrụngwa bụ a elu tar ọdịnaya nke metal adịghị ugbu ke mmanụ.

Njirimara tar

Ha na-adabere tumadi na Njirimara nke mmanụ, nakwa dị ka teknụzụ eji na ya nhazi. Nature mmanụ ala fractions emetụta na ụfọdụ e ji mara sludge, dị ka njupụta, agbaze uche na flash coking. A mma tar enwetara site arọ mmanụ na resin bụ banyere 8% nke ya ibu ibu.

The ojiji nke tar

Dị iche iche alaka nke etinyere sludge. Nke ahụ bụ ihe dị oké mkpa akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke okporo ụzọ na-ewu ụlọ bitumen, mara, eleghị anya, ihe nile. Ma na mgbakwunye, tar a chọrọ na imewe nke moto mmanụ, mmanụ mmanụ na combustible, haruru. Na-ewu na roba ụlọ ọrụ ọ na-eji dị ka ihe emollient. Taa na a elu ọdịnaya nke resins nwere ike esichara n'ime mmanụ dizel eji usoro nke hydrogenation na cracking.

Iji wepu resinous-asphaltene mmiri na polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons nke nwere a ala viscosity index na elu ogo coking etinyere deasphalting sludge. The mgbaze, dị ka a na-achị, bụ propane. Ma na ya, mgbe ị chọrọ iji na-enweta raw hydrocracking unit ma ọ bụ catalytic cracking ike ga-eji pentane na butane. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ogbo deasphalting a rụrụ mgbe mbụ ogbo dapụtara korota allocates ọzọ viscous akụrụngwa - DAO 2.

Na-arụ okporo ụzọ na-arụ ọrụ sludge bute siri ike ụdị, na-ama-ozugbo tupu eji ya bụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ka a mmiri mmiri ala.

sekọndrị ego

Na mmepụta nke detergents, ìhè mmanụ, paraffins na ndị ọzọ na-ọcha Filiks ebe reagent eji dị na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid, a kpụrụ site-ngwaahịa a na-akpọ acid sludge. Nke a bụ a bara uru nke abụọ akụ na a black Gummy uka nwere tumadi na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na organic ogige. Ton acid sludge na-enye ohere iji nweta 600 n'arọ nke mmanụ, 230 kg gypsum 110 kg 60 n'arọ Coke ma ọ bụ gaseous hydrocarbons.

Danger of acid tars maka gburugburu

N'agbanyeghị ya bara uru dị ka a akụrụngwa n'ihi korota binders, na ọbụna onye nke kasị mkpa ihe-ese a emebi gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ bụ acid sludge. Na umi bụ n'ezie a bụ isi iyi nke dị ize ndụ nye ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, na ọ dị mfe iche, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-echeta ya mejupụtara - resinous umi na a free na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid, ọdịnaya nke nke nwere ike ịbụ ruo 70% nke ngụkọta arọ.

Ize ndụ a na usoro nke na-akpakọba na acid tars. N'ihi na eziokwu na taa ọ dịghị oru oma ụzọ nke imegharị ihe maka iji, ndị n'efu bụ naanị kposara n'ime a nchekwa ọdọ mmiri na-ejide mgbe ụfọdụ nnọọ nnukwu ebe. Dị ka a n'ihi nke redox Filiks na-erukwa spontaneously n'elu nchekwa, a nnukwu ego nke sọlfọ dioxide. Mgbe oké mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ-agbaze snow gbara ụka spring mmiri eru site na mmadụ karịrị akarị ponds, acidifies ala na ala.

All nke a nwere a na-adịghị mma mmetụta na ebe obibi ọnọdụ nso na ọnọdụ nke ndị a ponds, na-ezighị ezi na-emetụta ndị ahụ ike nke ndị dị ndụ na gburugburu ebe. Ọtụtụ nde tọn acid tars warehoused na-emeghe nchekwa ọdọ mmiri na ókèala nke Russia. Fọrọ nke nta niile refineries ndị dị otú a n'efu. Otu naanị nke n'ógbè ha na-akwakọba ihe karịrị 250 tọn.

Mkpofu ahihia

Na oge a na mmepe ụlọ a na-eto eto ina maka ngwaahịa ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka bitumen, tar, bitumen mastic korota. Ntem, na-eto eto ọtụtụ Nsukka. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-agbalị idozi nsogbu nke n'efu acid tars, iji na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid ọgwụgwọ usoro, ma ọ bụ ka ezughi oke na ọnụ ọgụgụ, t. Iji. Ọ bụ nnọọ a mgbagwoju anya usoro. Ọ na-achọ oké ọnụ acid na-eguzogide ihe, mmepe nke pụrụ iche usoro na nchekwa ọnọdụ. Taa, mepụtara ndị kasị dị irè teknụzụ maka n'efu acid sludge.

Fọrọ nke nta niile ndị ọkachamara abuana ke ụzọ na-ewu, tar ezi atụle a pụrụ iche ihe onwunwe. Ya remelting enye gị ohere ike a dịgasị iche iche nke ogige e ọma-eji na ụzọ na-ewu. Na ojiji nke sludge na roofing na ụlọ ọrụ maka mmanụ, n'ígwè na mmiri mmiri fuels n'ihu enhances ya uru.