The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke abu "12" site Alexander Blok

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke abu "12" na-ewe ya ọnụ si otu February ụbọchị, nke ghọrọ a mgbanwe akara aka nke Russia. Ma ọ bụ eleghị anya, ọbụna na mbụ - ebe revolutionary otu Petra Verhovenskogo nke "mmụọ ọjọọ" ma ọ bụ ndị a ma ama Pushkin "na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke autocracy ...". Ọ bụla ọ bụ, ndị Bloc e kere eke nwere ike iji ya tụnyere a akukonsinooge nke oge ndị - na na-anya na ihe symbolist "Iri na abụọ" bụ n'ebe dị nnọọ anya site ọ bụla ebumnobi ngosipụta nke ihe.

"The Intelligentsia na mgbanwe"

Unit a kara aka na-aghọ a àmà revolutionary ihe nke 1917-1918, nke weere ọnọdụ na Petrograd, oyi na ịnọ n'ụkọ ihe niile ha na-arụ. Ya mere, ọbụna na-ede uri na ozugbo jidere ndị ọchịchị ọhụrụ - a ụbọchị na mmasị miri Alexander. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-iga njem na ọbụna gbalịrị ha eme isonyere revolutionary ndụ. Nke a kwere ka na-eme nnyocha na nke ikpeazụ afọ nke na-ede uri were dị ka ezigbo onye supporter nke mgbanwe.

Otú ọ dị, ndị dị otú ahụ a na nkwupụta yiri a bit emu, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị ntị ka isiokwu Block "Intelligentsia na mgbanwe," dere na 1918. N'ụzọ dị iche na "mmadụ iri na abụọ", nke ekpe unclarified ezi àgwà nke Bloc na ihe na-eme, oru ndi ghara niile obi abụọ n'ihu ọha. Ee, unit na-enweta a mgbanwe ọchịchị, ma na-enweghị ihe na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ mma nwete, na-atụle ihe ndị mere n'oge ahụ dị ka ụkpụrụ na-aghaghị diri.

"The egwu mkpọtụ, na-ebili na m na gburugburu"

The dum akụkọ ihe mere nke ihe e kere eke nke uri "12" Block bụ a ụyọkọ inyeneke ibat Ibé akwụkwọ na-ejupụta n'ọdịnihu masterpiece ke akpatre ọnwa. The ọrụ e dere na otu ume, mgbe gafere nanị otu afọ mgbe nke February mgbanwe. Na okwu nke Bloc, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe e kere eke nke uri "12" malitere na okwu ahụ bụ "Oh, m nwere a mma gbalaga!" Ndị nnyocha ahụ hụrụ na mbụ dere nke abụọ isi, mgbe ọ bịara na-amụnye nke isii, nke asaa, asatọ, nke ọma, nke ikpeazụ-aghọta ihe atụ ekedi idaha Jesus Christ.

Enweghị ya chọpụtachaa ihe e deburu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe e kere eke nke uri "12" Block anya na-ezughị ezu. Ọ bụrụ na aha nke ngwaahịa, na-eme na ndịozi, e nwere na mbụ, mgbe ahụ, Jesus 'ọdịdị bụ a n'amaghi mkpebi. Ndenye na-ede uri nke February 1918 gosiri na nke a: Kraịst image fancied nkanka na a egbeeluigwe. Anya nnọọ omimi kwuru Ya mere, ihe mbụ illustrator nke "The iri na abụọ" Yuri Annenkov: "Ọ bụrụ na site n'elu n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke" ẹwot Katka "wafted oké snow na site n'aka ya - Christ - ọ ga-abụ a sara mbara cover."

"Taa m a ọgụgụ"

... otú ngọngọ kara akara ọgwụgwụ nke na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ ya. Ma na ihe mere eme nke abu "12" na nke a? Ọ dịghị ma ọlị. Na March 1918, na-ede uri kere hụrụ ìhè, a na-na mbụ e biri ebi na akwụkwọ akụkọ "The Banner of Labor," mgbe ahụ wee dị ka a dị iche iche n'akwụkwọ.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ekemende ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọgbọ nke Soviet akwụkwọ "Iri na abụọ" (Blok uri), ya mere e kere eke, ihe oyiyi na akụkọ na a chọrọ ka ebu n'isi, na Bolsheviks ibido emeso ya enyowe. O doro anya na, ihe na-e kere eke nke classic Silver Age o chepụtara ọbịa, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị counter-revolutionary sonso.

"M ga-eje ozi na-emegide Kraịst?"

Otú ọ dị, ọbụna ndị kasị akọ na ọjọọ àgwà ndị uri of nnọchiteanya nke ndị ọchịchị Soviet na-aga ọ bụla tụnyere na-nyochaa nke "ochie" intelligentsia. Ya mere, Gumilyov ozugbo kwuru na-ede uri dosochinil agwụcha na Gospel, na "ozi-akpata ihe àmà na-egosi." Na-ede uri kwuru, a sabo, na Kolchak n'oge a na mkparịta ụka Vyacheslav Ivanov, ma-jest, ma kpọrọ chọrọ ka kpọgidere na unit, mgbe na-acha ọcha agha laghachi ike (ezie na izi ezi nke ikpeazụ bụ eziokwu bụ debatable). Anyị makwa na Akhmatova jụrụ na-akụkụ na-ede akwụkwọ mgbede, ma ọ bụrụ na a gaje iji na-agụ a uri Blok. Site n'ụzọ, na-ede uri na ya adịkarịghị ekwu na a na-agụ "The iri na abụọ". Nke a na-emekọ ya na nwunye ya - bụ nnọọ nzukọ, ọ ga-kwuru.

The na-emegide onwe ihe bụ ...

Dị otú ahụ sharply ọjọọ reviews si na-akatọ nwere ike ịghọta: "Iri na abụọ," Blok uri, akụkọ nke e kere eke nke ọhụrụ nwoke na steeti na saịtị nke mbụ Russia, a na-akpọ intelligentsia nnọọ echiche. Part nke nna ukwu nke nkà okwu ka na-ekpe na n'akụkụ nke na-ede uri na nwara inye ya ha nwere nkọwa nke ya e kere eke. Ya mere, Viktor Shklovsky, otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-achọpụta na peculiarity nke style e kere eke Bloc, na-ejikọ ya na mmetụta nke na-ewu ewu Russian na-agụ egwú Savoyarova ndị ugboro. On nke a mma, n'agbanyeghị, na nwere Bunin - albeit a na-ezighị ezi gbara ya gburugburu, na-akpọ ọrụ nke na-ede uri nke rụrụ arụ.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke abu "12" E esonyere grandiose ihe, nke bịara ka ọ la n'iyì. Mgbe a gbanwesịrị ọchịchị, nkpọtu maka Bloc bịara ihe na-eyi egwu nkịtị. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka dee poems, ọtụtụ n'ime echiche ya nọgidere daa n'ala. Ọnwụ nke okike kpatara ọnwụ nke anụ ahụ: na-ede uri na-alanarị afọ 1921. Rumo nwere ya na delirious tupu ọ nwụọ, ọ chọrọ, n'ihi ya, na ọkụ ya isi ihe e kere eke na - na uri "12". History nke e kere eke, na nkenke nyochara na-egosi isiokwu a, na-enwekwa obi ụtọ na Bloc banyere ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọtụtụ na-emegide eziokwu a. Nakwa dị ka ihe àmà nke na-ede uri gbaga a ka mma n'ụwa.