The echiche na insurance nzukọ

Insurance ụlọ ọrụ (insurers) - na-na-achị nke azụmahịa ọrụ, nke na-echebe ọdịmma nke ịnshọransị mmadụ, compensating ha ihe onwunwe mmebi mgbe insured omume. Eme nke insurance na-usoro pụrụ iche iwu na-ekwu site regulators. Na Russia, dị a regulator eme na Central Bank.

nche ụkpụrụ

Ná mba ọ bụla, ndị insurance nzukọ dabeere ụkpụrụ ụfọdụ, na ihe ịga nke ọma-ebu ha na-eme. Ha bụ:

• na ihe-onwunwe nke insurance mee;
• na arụmọrụ nke insurance ụgwọ;
• na njupụta nke insurance mee nke insurance ụgwọ.

Iji mezuo ihe ndị a, ndị insurer bụ ụgwọ itu ihe ize ndụ nke omume nke ụfọdụ insurance ekwu.

Na ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, mkpuchi na insurer n'akụkụ rụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, na steeti na-eme ihe na insurance nzukọ. Ọ bụ na ngakọrịta nke n'elu ụkpụrụ na-ewu insurance azụmahịa na ọtụtụ ná mba.

Olee otú bụ insurance azụmahịa

The iwu na-enye na isiokwu nke ozugbo ọrụ nke insurance nzukọ nwere ike insurance ma ọ bụ reinsurance. The ndepụta iche iche nke insurance ọrụ e depụtara na ikike, nke na-enyere site na steeti. Ọ bụrụ na ndị policyholder anaghị mezuo ya ọrụ ma ọ bụ na-emezu ha na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, na ikike ike-kagburu, nzukọ na-efunari nri na-enye insurance ọrụ nke Otú ọ dị, adịghị machibidoro ọrụ dịịrị ya ime na mkpuchi ọrụ chere na mbụ.

A ọtụtụ insurers ọrụ na otu akụ na ụba na ubi, na-etolite na mkpuchi ahịa, na-enye nchebe ndị mmadụ, ọha na onwe oru, ego oru.

Ụdị ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị

Na mba anyị, ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị wee bụrụ na nzuzo ma ọ bụ ala nwe. Zuru oke ndú nke insurance ahịa bụ ụgwọ ezumike nká ego na-elekọta mmadụ mkpuchi ego, nke imubanye niile amanyere bụ iwu onyinye nke na-arụ ọrụ ụmụ amaala. Private ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị na-guzobere na ego si ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ ego oru.

A pụrụ iche ụdị ọrụ nke ọtụtụ onwe ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị bụ a Lloyd syndicate. Nke a òtù onwe ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị maka general insurance azụmahịa nke mkpuchi na reinsurance. Etolite syndicate bụ otú ala na ọ na-arụ ọrụ a ụbọchị, na-echebe site na obere ezinụlọ ngwa ka nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri.

Afọ ofufo na-amanye ịrụ insurance

Ugbu a, ndị dum insurance ahịa nwere ike Olee ihe enyemaka kewara:

• insurance ọrụ na a azụ;
• insurance, usoro iwu.

Nwere ike ịbụ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na-atọ item na mkpuchi ụlọ ọrụ, nke a na-akpọ "reinsurance" ma ọ bụ nkewa nke liability insurance n'etiti abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na otu. Nke a na ụdị ibu nchedo agụnye nkesa nke na o kwere omume ego ịkwụ ụgwọ n'etiti ọtụtụ insurers. insurance òtù Insurance-enye ohere na-ekesa ịkwụ ụgwọ ntoolite enweghị ọtụtụ mmebi ya ego ọnọdụ.

Ọ bụrụ na maka azụmahịa insurance nnabata ya na ụkpụrụ na-ama na-ekwe nkwa a ụfọdụ uru, na nzukọ nke na-elekọta mmadụ nche na-tightly achịkwa steeti. Ka anyị na-agbalị obibi ndị ụdị insurance, nke na-chọrọ na okwu nke iwu.

manye insurance

State na-eme ka ụdị ụfọdụ nke amanyere bụ iwu insurance na ndabere nke nchebe nke mmadụ ma ọ bụ azụmahịa ụlọ ọrụ na-metụtara ọdịmma nke ala. Ndabere manye insurance nzukọ enye maka ọdịmma nke ụmụ amaala, sị ke oruru. Na omume, ọ na anya dị ka ndị a:

• ọ bụla nwa amaala nwere ikike ezigbo ọrụ - na ọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ ihe mkpuchi megide mberede na-arụ ọrụ;
• onye ọ bụla na-isiokwu na nnwere onwe nke ije - na nkwenye nke a - na-amanye ịrụ MTPL insurance atumatu, insuring abamuru nke otụk ọzọ;
• onye ọ bụla nwere ikike nlekọta ahụ ike na - a na-achị na-mesikwuru site manye insurance nke Social Insurance Fund na-emesi obi mkpuchi ịkwụ ụgwọ bụrụ na nke ọrịa;
• ụmụ amaala nwere ikike a ùgwù agadi - bụ maka ihe ndị a penshion ego.

The eme nke insurers na mmejuputa manye insurance dabeere na ụfọdụ iwu na ụkpụrụ, nke kwuru, sị:

• ihe n'ihi na nke a ụdị insurance a chọrọ;
• insurance mkpuchite, nke na-agụnye kacha nta amanyere bụ iwu ugwo insurance na statutory karịa ego nke insurance kwụọ ụgwọ;
• ọrụ na ikike nke policyholders na ịnshọransị mmadụ.

Manye mkpuchi na insurers

The iwu na-enye a ndepụta na òtù na ndị nwere ikike na-eduzi insurance mbubehe ke kpuchie nke manye mkpuchi. Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị na-kere na ndabere nke ala (Pension Fund, Social Insurance Fund). Ụfọdụ insurers nwere ikike na-ebu na-eme na ubi nke na-amanye ịrụ mkpuchi (CTP, n'ihi na ihe atụ).

Ịchịkwa mkpa ebe nke nchebe nke ikike nke ụmụ amaala ya, steeti nwere ihe abụọ ọrụ:

• Ọ na-ebenata mbụ onyinye, na-eme manye insurance ọnụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala nke mba;
• Ọ ana achi achi kacha mkpuchi nke insurance nke na-achị, na-eme na nzukọ nke na-elekọta mmadụ nche-eri-irè na ego onwe-zuru ezu.

Tụlee otú insurers na-arụ ọrụ na ubi nke na-amanye ịrụ mkpuchi. Classic ihe atụ nke a nwere ike ije ozi dị ka ndị Pension Fund na FSS.

Organization of insurance na ala ego

ụgwọ ezumike nká insurance nzukọ na mba anyị dabeere na symbiosis nke abụọ isi usoro:

• ịdị n'otu na nwetara anyị dị ka a nketa nke ndị Soviet Union;
• onye, nke bụ a ọhụrụ mma ikpeazụ afọ iri na ise.

Mgbe nkwonkwo usoro, onye ọ bụla nwa amaala nke ụgwọ ezumike nká onyinye ugwo n'ime izugbe mmefu ego nke Pension Fund. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ na-akwụ ụgwọ ego, dabere na otuto nke dị iche iche ihe na ndị ọzọ. N'agbanyeghị ya mfe, ịdị n'otu usoro mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ afọ ise, na a nkeji iri na ise nke a na narị afọ n'ezie wee malite ịnata otu ụgwọ ezumike nká.

E wezụga otú ahụ egalitarianism, kwuru ihe ọzọ drawback ịdị n'otu usoro: a dị oké egwu mpe nke Pension Fund. Iji mmezi nke ụgwọ ezumike nká ego, ndị ọchịchị kpebiri ịme a ahaziri ndebanye nke ụgwọ ezumike nká ego. Ọ bụla amaala, dabere na ha na-akpata deducts a ụfọdụ pasent ka gị onwe ezumike nká na akaụntụ, dị ka a ụlọ akụ ego, na n'elu-eru ezumike nká afọ ọkọkpọhi ya ego ezumike nká.

ike mkpuchi

The nzukọ nke manye ike mkpuchi dabeere PAYG onyinye natara. Ọ bụla nwa amaala deducts si ha na-akpata a ụfọdụ pasent nke ego na-elekọta mmadụ nche enweta ego. N'ime ndị a ego ugwo ya "na-arịa ọrịa" dị ka ugwo nke ụgwọ ọrụ n'ihi ọrịa. FSS na-aku ugwo nke "fiat" na ịkwụ ụgwọ maka elekọta ụmụaka. Otu enweta ego dechapụ na-akwụ ụgwọ n'ihi nkwarụ n'ihi ihe mberede na omume nke ọkachamara na-eme. Ọ bụrụ na ụmụ amaala chọrọ inwe ọzọ ụgwọ - ka ihe atụ, ka ikwughachiugwo akwụ ụgwọ nke ọgwụgwọ, a ịwa ahụ ọrụ, - ha ọrụ afọ ofufo na-ọgwụ mkpuchi.

liability insurance

Ibu insurance - bụ ụdị ọzọ nke nchebe nke tara. Ya peculiarity dabeere n'eziokwu na nkwekọrịta nke insurance ndị insurer na ikwubi ihe mkpuchi iwu njide. Ịkwụ ụgwọ na-na ụdị insurance ọkọkpọhi atọ, ndị merụrụ ahụ onye. A kpochapụwo atụ bụ a liability mkpuchi iwu CTP.

CTP na-aku liability mkpuchi maka mebiri na-atọ ndị ọzọ dị ka a N'ihi nke a mberede ụgbọala.

liability insurance nzukọ idu ke nọ nke ọrụ nke ndị insurers onye na-isiokwu ya. The kacha nta ọnụọgụ nke mbụ ịkwụ ụgwọ na kacha payout na-usoro iwu. The ala na-nwere ikike ikpebi otú ọ ga-chefuo maka mmebi - na ego ma ọ bụ na obiọma, na nyochaa omume nke insurers.