The Joint Stock Companies Iwu. Joint-ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ - ihe ọ bụ?

Joint-ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ - ihe ọ bụ? Azịza nke ajụjụ a ga-abụ nke mmasị ọ bụghị nanị na ụmụ akwụkwọ, ha occupations ụmụ akwụkwọ nke a akpan akpan ihe, ma na-ụmụ amaala nke mba anyị, na-enwe ihe ma ọ bụ na-erughị ifịk ọkwá.

Isiokwu na-agwa banyere mgbagwoju na n'otu oge a dị mfe echiche.

Olee otú ịzụlite nkwonkwo-ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ. Nkenke banyere mkpa

The mbụ nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ nke dị n'ókèala mba anyị bụ Russian ahia ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ e hiwere na 1757 na Kostantinopole. Ya isi obodo ẹkewetde mbak, nkezi nke mbak a na-akpọ ma a ụdị tiketi na certifies nri nke nwere oke n'akụ 'ihe onwunwe na unu kpamkpam tradable na ahịa. Iwu na usoro omume nke na Company gụnyere iwu ndị eze nyere.

The heyday nke nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ dị n'etiti nke XIX narị afọ, n'oge Akwa mgbanwe. N'oge ahụ Russia were ụzọ ná Europe na okwu nke mmepe na ikesa ala na-emepe emepe unprecedentedly ngwa ngwa.

N'oge Soviet oge na otu dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka kwụsịrị arụmọrụ.

Modern Russia nwere a 20-afọ akụkọ ihe mere nke e guzobere nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ. Ntughari ka a ahịa aku na uba chọrọ doo nke ọhụrụ iwu maka ụkpụrụ nke mmekọahụ na nọ nke naanị ya nwe na oru nke ya iche-iche.

Iji ụbọchị, nkwonkwo-ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ ogide a na-eduga itie ke usoro nke aku na uba mmekọahụ. N'ihi na ọ na-enye gị ohere ikpokọta isi obodo nke JSC tent nke investors ike ọhụrụ nọọrọ onwe ha azụmahịa kwadoro.

Company: ihe ọ bụ na ya kachasi mkpa

Joint Stock Company - a azụmahịa agabiga mbara igwe aku azụmahịa eme. Na-eme ka a uru - isi nzube nke ụlọ ọrụ, na-ezu ego na aku na uba obodo kwụụrụ na-eme mkpebi mee na-eme ka a N'ihi.

The ikike ego nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ekewa mbak. Òtù nke ụlọ ọrụ (oke n'akụ) ibu ihe ize ndụ nke weere si aku ọrụ n'ime uru nke mbak na ha nwere, ma ọ bụghị dara iwu maka ya ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, ndị sonyere ga-agba ihe ize ndụ na na ikpe nke na-ezughị ezu ugwo nke ala. The ala akara nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ na oke n'akụ - nwe nke ụlọ ọrụ, ma ọ bụghị ndị nwe ihe onwunwe. The onwunwe na-ekesịpde site na ụlọ ọrụ ya. Nke ahụ bụ ọdịdị zuru oke nke eju anya a n'ụdị management. Bụ a iwu kwadoro na-enwe àgwà pụta ụwa ya: aha, pịa. Na ya n'ihi na-akụkụ n'ụlọikpe obodo dị ka a ọzọ iji bụrụ na ndị ọzọ, nwere onwe ha akụ akụkọ na iche iche ihe onwunwe. The founders nke otu nwere ike ịbụ ma nke anụ ahụ na iwu mmadụ, ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na-abụghị nanị.

I nwere ike na-na-anụ okwu ahụ bụ "na-emechi ma ọ bụ na-emeghe nkwonkwo-ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ". Gịnị ka ọ bụ? N'okpuru iwu, ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ma na-emeghe, ie eduzi ihe na-emeghe na ndenye aha maka mbak nke na kpamkpam na-ere ma na-emechi - onye mbak na-ere ma na-ekesa, dị ka a na-achị, n'etiti ya founders. Na niile nyere mbak na-aha, nke na-enye ohere ka neutralize ize ndụ nke wayo na ala.

Gịnị bụ normative omume inye iwu na-eme ihe na nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ

Otu ihe dị mkpa usoro iwu akwụkwọ - nke a bụ Civil Code, akpan akpan Chapter 4 nke akwụkwọ. Special eme bụ Federal Iwu "On Joint Stock Companies" dere 1995, na ọhụrụ mmegharị nakweere na 2014. Normative omume kọwaa iwu ọnọdụ na usoro maka nhiwe nke ma ndị ụlọ ọrụ na ya na-achị ozu, e nyere ikike isi obodo, nkesa uru, ọrụ na ikike nke ndị òtù (oke n'akụ), ikike ịchịkwa na-eme nke, usoro nke reorganization, e kere eke na liquidation na ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ala dị mkpa .

The iwu abụghị otu akwụkwọ metụtara nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ. Issue na ikesa mbak, nke bụ ala usoro iwu "Na Securities Market" na Federal Iwu "On Protection of Rights na iwu kwadoro Mmasị nke Investors na Securities Market".

Olee otú bụ ikike ego

The ikike isi obodo nke nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ guzobere ruru ka ego nke mbak nke elu ọnụ uru, gbapụtara ya oke n'akụ. Ọ ezipụta kacha nta uru nke ụlọ ọrụ onwunwe, nke a na-ekesịpde site kpọmkwem ya. The ikike ego dị mkpa iji hụ na ihe ndị metụtara ụgwọ. Iwu-akọwa kacha nta ego nke ikike isi obodo, nke ugbu a bụ 1000 ugboro kacha nta ụgwọ oghe ọha mmadụ, na ihe na-erughị 100 ugboro kacha nta ụgwọ maka onwe. Ikike isi obodo nwere ike ụba ma ọ bụ mgbada n'usoro. A mkpebi e weere na a n'ozuzu nzukọ nke oke n'akụ.

Olee otú management

nkwonkwo-ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ management na otutu nkebi na iche iche.

The elu ahụ, ndị kasị mkpebi ndị dị mkpa na-eme - a, n'ezie, izugbe nzukọ nke oke n'akụ. On ya, ihe ndị ọzọ ihe, na-anakwere akụkọ mgbaafọ, ugwo nke dividends na oke n'akụ, mkpebi na liquidation, reorganization. Ẹkenịmde kwa afọ. The ike nke General Nzute na ya amaka ofu na Federal Iwu "On Joint Stock Companies" na-apụghị kpọfere Board of Directors.

Executive ahụ, nke na-eburu si management nke ugbu a ebilite kwa ụbọchị, bụ onye nduzi nke a Directorate. The eme nke onyeisi ahụ aza ajụjụ nlekọta ahu - na Board of Directors.

Ihe bụ isi ikike nke oke n'akụ

The oke n'akụ nke ụlọ ọrụ, bụ isi ikike:

- Ikere ke oru. Ọ na-ewe ebe site a votu na onye ọ bụla general nzuko ihe ndị na-nke ya amaka.

- Nnweta nke ego dị ka dividends.

- The nri na-enweta a òkè nke Company ihe onwunwe bụrụ na nke nchupu ọrụ ya, na liquidation.

Dabere na akporo nke ikike nyere Company mbak nwere ike nkịtị na mmasị.

Mmasị mbak enye ha ejiri a ofu ego nke dividends na ikike mkpa nke ịkwụ ụgwọ, ma na-amachi nri nke management nke ụlọ ọrụ.

ọha akwụkwọ. Ngosi nke ozi na-eme nke

Isi akwụkwọ bụ n'akwụkwọ iwu, nsonye ka ndokwa nke ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụ amanyere bụ iwu kwesịrị ịnwe kpọmkwem ngalaba, na-anọghị nke ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị aha na-adịghị nweta iwu àgwà.

The Joint Stock Companies Iwu na-achọ inye aka oke n'akụ na ha arịrịọ akwụkwọ nwere ihe ọmụma banyere ọrụ. Maka azụmahịa akwụkwọ nke a ga-nyere na oke n'akụ ndị dị ka ndị:

- isiokwu nke mkpakọrịta;

- nkeji nke general nzukọ ;

- akụkọ mgbaafọ;

- esịtidem akwụkwọ;

- akwụkwọ na-egosi na ajụjụ na-akọkwara.

The usoro maka nzukọ nke ọha mmadụ. nkesa nke mbak

The Company na-haziri site na e kere eke nke a ọhụrụ ahịa kwadoro ka a iwu kwadoro, ma ọ bụ site Ịhazigharị ẹdude. The mkpebi guzosie ike ya founders nakweere na mgbe a tọrọ ntọala nzute. Ndị na-ahazi pụrụ ịbụ ma nke anụ ahụ na iwu mmadụ. Number nke emeghe otu na ọ bụghị nanị ndị founders, na oruru nke a na-emechi, e kwesịrị ọ dịghị ihe karịrị iri ise.

Mgbe na-eke a na ụlọ ọrụ, ya mbak na-na-ekesa n'etiti founders. Companies Act (ya ọhụrụ version) na-enye na ọrụ nke aha nke mbak ekesa n'etiti founders, a ga-rụrụ site ụlọ ọrụ n'ime otu ọnwa site na ụbọchị nke aha.

Iji nke mkpochapu

The Company nwere ike liquidated n'afọ ofufo site a mkpebi na a n'oge kasị elu achị isi nzukọ ma ọ bụ a mkpebi ikpe. Mgbe ị na-ekpebi na Mkpochapu na azụ, ihe niile ike jikwaa ụlọ ọrụ zigara ndị liquidation ọrụ, nke, ebe ọ bụ na nzube ya na-gawa site Joint Stock Company. Gịnị bụ na ọ na - na liquidation ọrụ, na ihe ndị ya ike? Nke a ahụ na-ewe ihe niile ibu arọ ndị a na-search maka na njirimara nke ụgwọ na ụgwọ nke ọha mmadụ, na-eru elu a liquidation itule mpempe akwụkwọ, njirimara na mmejuputa iwu-nke ihe onwunwe na-ekpuchi na ụgwọ na ịkwụ ụgwọ ngo, idozi nsogbu nke tọrọ-anya na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ na ego na ihe onwunwe okwu.

The N'ihi nke niile n'elu. Iji ụbọchị, nkwonkwo-ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ - kacha elu na ekwe ụdị aku na uba na Russian Federation. Ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-erepịakwa kpebisiri ike site anụ ụlọ iwu, nke esesịn mepụtara ezu, ma o ụfọdụ nke ya norms achọ n'ihu mmepe iji na-na na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa aku na uba na omume nke oru.

Ebe ọ bụ, a ọha mmachi ụlọ ọrụ n'ozuzu. O yiri ka mgbe na-agụ isiokwu nke ajụjụ bụ "ụlọ ọrụ - ihe ọ bụ" na-adịghị etinye aka a akwụsị, na ọdịdị zuru oke nke a dị mgbagwoju nzukọ na-aghọ ndị ọzọ nghọta.