The kuu - ihe bụ nke a?

The kuu malitere na a na-ekpo ọkụ Sunday n'ehihie. Ise oge hour nke-August 18, 1991 n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke a ọchịchị dacha na Foros na Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Crimea, ebe ezumike president nke Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Mikhail Gorbachev rutere ise black "Volga". Ọ dịghị ha anaghị atụ anya ka, na na mbụ, ndị nche na-emeghe ọnụ ụzọ ámá na wepụrụ agbụ ígwè na spikes dina gafee ụzọ.

Object "Dawn"

Mgbe ahụ si akpa ụgbọ ala ọ hapụrụ General Yuri Plekhanov, isi nke Ninth Directorate nke KGB. Ọ bụ ọrụ dịịrị ndị nche ọrụ nke KGB na bụ a nlekọta nche Gorbachev. N'otu mgbe ahụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ metal ọnụ ụzọ ámá, mma na nnukwu red kpakpando, meghere. N'elu ọzọ nkeji ole na ole nke ụgbọala elu serpentine ụzọ site na osisi fir na a ihe ụlọ na koodu-aha ya bụ "ihe" Dawn "."

Gorbachev, dị ka o mesịrị gwa ndị nchọpụta, e-atụ anya ndị ọbịa - ise agadi isi nke KGB, ndị agha ma agadi-isi nke Communist Party, nakwa dị ka ha bodyguards. Enye ekemende ekwentị na-akpọ ndị isi nke KGB, Vladimir Kryuchkov. Ma akara e bee. Mgbe ahụ, ọ kpọrọ ya nche isi General Vladimir Medvedev, ndị sịrị na ọ ghọtara ozugbo na "Khrushchev" nhọrọ. Bụbu Soviet ndú Nikita Khrushchev na 1964, a chụpụrụ na a kuu n'oge ya ezumike na Black Sea.

Mmalite nke ọgwụgwụ

N'elu ọzọ 73 awa, abụọ agadi ọchịchị Soviet agha maka nri ime ka akụkọ ihe mere eme. The mbon, nke rutere Foros, Kryuchkov e zigara kwenye Gorbachev n'akụkụ nke asatọ party ndú na ọchịagha, guzobere State Emergency Committee (Emergency Committee) onye nọ na weghara nwa oge akara n'elu Soviet Union. The kuu e rụrụ, n'ihi na ụbọchị abụọ gasịrị, na August 20, President nwere banye a ọhụrụ nkwekorita nke mmekorita, nke mere ka Soviet Union n'ime a nnokota. Ọtụtụ na-atụ egwu na a ga-eduga ná ndakpọ nke mba ọtụtụ ndị nọọrọ onwe ha na-ekwu. Ebumnuche nke kuu e mere bụ ime Gorbachev na-ekwusa a steeti mberede na-eyigharị aka n'ime nkwekọrịta.

Kuu nke nwetara na-abụghị mmetụta. Eke kuu bụghị naanị ike na Soviet Union, ọ nyere Borisu Eltsinu, ọhụrụ hoputara president nke RSFSR, na-akparaghị ókè ike. Communist hawks e gbochiri ọsọ mba. Ịgbalị ịzọpụta Soviet Union, ndị ndú nke kuu akpatre hammered a eto site n'obi ya. Ọnwa anọ gasịrị, ndị Soviet Union kwụsịrị ịdị adị.

Ma ihe mere n'oge ndị a atọ ufiop ụbọchị August, ọbụna taa, na-anọgide na edoghị. N'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ iri afọ nke analysis: 140 mpịakọta nke akwụkwọ, atọ nnyocha, itoolu ụgbọ mmiri na ọtụtụ ndị bipụtara onye àmà - akụkọ zuru ezu nke kuu nọgidere hushed elu.

Ndị na-akpata nke kuu

Conspiracies fọrọ nke nta site na definition, ike ga-aghọta. Ma ọtụtụ, dị ka Watergate, emecha-apụta ìhè. Ọchịchọ agadi nkekọta ekwupụta mmehie ha, nke mbụ nke nzuzo-edebe ihe ochie na mbata nke ọhụrụ ọchịchị kụziri na eziokwu akpatre abịa.

N'ihi na ụfọdụ, ọdịda nke kuu - bụ mmeri nke ochichi onye kwuo uche na agha nke mmeghachi omume, ndị Politburo. Nke a bụ ihe bụ isi na nwunye nke mberede na 1991, nke tụnyere 1789 na 1917, oge mgbanwe site na aka ike na-achị na a na-emesapụ aka ochichi onye kwuo uche. Emergency Committee - a nkukota nke abụọ usoro, otu onye nke meriri. Ka Yeltsin kwuru gasiri, na-atụ egwu na narị afọ biri na ndị ọzọ malitere. The nnọchianya nke ahụ ịtụnanya ghọrọ a foto nke ya - guzo n'okpuru egbe na a tank hoputara ndú nke mba ahụ.

The naanị nsogbu na a nghọta nke kuu bụ na ọ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe bụ eziokwu. The ọzọ delve n'ime ndị a ụbọchị atọ, na-erughị doro anya ọ na-aghọ. Dị Oké Mkpa, bụrụkwa oge nwere ntakịrị na-eme na ochichi onye kwuo uche. Gịnị n'ezie na-egwuri a isi ọrụ, bụ ikike hoaxes, eduhie na mma. Ọ bụ a mpi akpa nkata, na merie ndị kasị mma.

Na version na halftones dịghị ihe ilu karịa ọrụ nke abụọ odide, Gorbachev na Yeltsin. Nke ikpeazụ, ihe atụ, e mysteriously asian banyere mkparita uka putsch. Dị ka na-egosi na ọtụtụ ihe àmà nke dị ịrịba ama see ke Moscow, Yeltsin uko, rigoro n'elu a tank iguzogide agha mesikwuru site n'aka na ọ dịghị onye ga-agbapụ.

President nke USSR maara banyere ihe nile

ma Gorbachev bụ n'eziokwu, ọ na mgbe niile siri ọnwụ, mkpọrọ n'ụlọ na Foros? Ma ọ bụ, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị keere òkè na ihe omume, ya kewapụrụ keere ha na-eche na-ahụ na ihe tupu a ga-ikpe nke kuu on August 21? Dị ka Vasily Starodubtsev, Gorbachev ga-dị nnọọ na-abịa azụ na ada itie esie.

Taa, bụbu president na-asọpụrụ dị ka a na-eme mgbanwe mebiri na azụ ọchịchị Kọmunist na-ekpe egwuregwu, mgbe e nwere onye na-apụghị izere ezere n'ihi ọdịda nke kuu - ida nke Soviet Union 26 December 1991. Ma n'oge okpomọkụ nke n'otu afọ, ya isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide ndị ochie Conservative ọzọ, nke ọ na-enwe na-agbalị ịnọ na ike. Ebe ọ bụ na June, ọ na-a nsogbu, Yeltsin a họpụtara a ọnwa, ọhụrụ president nke RSFSR. Ọ bịara ike na 57% nke votu na nwere charisma nke a na eziokwu, popularly hoputara ndozigharị ahụ. Na-eru nso ụbọchị nke bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke Gorbachev maka a ọhụrụ n'otu nkwekorita-adị mfe nghọta: ma ọ bụrụ na ndị Soviet Union dara iche, dị ka e buru amụma site Conservatives, ọ bụ ya kasị elu isi ga-anọgide na ọrụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-achọ a mere ka ọ kwụsị omume nke ihe, Emergency Committee guzobere mere na ihe kwesịrị ekwesị oge.

Dị Starodubtseva nkekọta, kuu plotters ndị Gorbachev aka, bụ ndị maara ihe nile banyere ya. Na 1991 Starodubtsev bụ onye ndú nke 40 nde nke oru ugbo Union. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mgbe kuu, ọ hoputara gọvanọ nke ndị ọgaranya na-akọ ugbo n'ógbè Tula, bụ onye òtù nke nzuko omeiwu si Communist Party na nwụrụ nke a obi nkụchi na 2011

Putsch ma ọ bụ a farce?

Starodubtsev kwara ụta na Emergency Committee mere ka a otutu emehie ihe, adịghị eji media ịgba ndị mmadụ ume na-akwado kuu. Old conspirator na-emezughị putsch vinyl sabo na CIA, ma ruo ọtụtụ, enweghị professionalism na kuu-anọgide na otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị dị omimi n'akụkụ nke Emergency Kọmitii. The foto nke ụbọchị ndị ahụ na-egosi bụghị iwu a obi tara mmiri, ahụmahụ fanatics na merụsịrị zụrụ idealists, maliri elu karịa isi ya.

Ọ bụghị na ha na-enweghị ahụmahụ na-coups na ọbara riots. N'ezie, n'ụzọ dị mwute, ha na-eleghị anya n'ihu nke ọzọ na nke a, o dere, mgbe e mesịrị na ya autobiography nche Gorbachev, General Medvedev. Leon Trotsky, a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iro nke Stalin, na 1940, e gburu mgbe ke ọzọ Ụwa. Gịnị gbochiri njide Yeltsin, bụ onye na aka?

Ajụjụ na-amalite na nzukọ mbụ n'agbata Gorbachev na-atụghị anya mbon, nke rutere na-agwụ ike August ụbọchị. Dị ka ukara version, ndị president ibido egwu, ma, kwenyere na ọ na-jidere, ghọrọ mmụọ ịlụ ọgụ na jụrụ izute choro. Dị ka Gorbachev, ọ na-akpọ nkekọta na sabo, adventurers, onye ga-akwụ ụgwọ maka ihe o mere.

Family na enyi Gorbachev mgbe niile siri ọnwụ na ya siri emegide kuu pụtara pụrụ isi chọta mkpọrọ n'ụlọ ya, n'oge nke na ọ tụrụ egwu maka ndụ ya. Mgbe ndị òtù nke Emergency Committee ama na Moscow ẹkemụm ike, Gorbachev na nwunye ya Raisa, bụ onye nwụrụ na 1999, na-ekpe n'okpuru nche na Foros. Mgbe ọ mesịrị gbaa akaebe Leonid Proshkina, agadi nchọpụta nke General ọkàiwu Office ichoputa kuu, ọ sịrị na ọ bụrụ na o nwere a obere ọrịa strok. Ọ enen na di na nwunye bụ mgbe ahụ n'ọnọdụ siri ike, ma nye elu a ọtụtụ n'ihi egwu nke ịbụ ndị nsí.

The ọrịa aghọwo otu oge nke ikpeazụ pịa ogbako na-esote ụbọchị, mgbe, n'okpuru anya nke ụwa Deputy Gorbacheva Yanaev, onye bu nke-elu ọnụ ndú nke ndi-nkekọta, mara ọkwa na-eburu ogbugbu nke ọrụ nke president. O kwuru, enweghị ike imeri ike tremor ya aka na na olu ya, na Mikhail Gorbachev bụ ugbu a ezumike, n'ịnwụ ọgwụgwọ n'ebe ndịda na ha na-atụ anya na ozugbo Gorbachev-ele mma, ahụ na-ewe ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ.

Ndị ọzọ na-egosi nke nzukọ Foros chee a zuru ezu karị, picture. Dị ka Valery Boldin, Gorbachev bụbu isi nke ochichi, na ọzọ conspirator, bụ onye nwụrụ na 2006, ndị Soviet ndú oké iwe, ma ọ bụ nakwa njikere mgbe ọ bụla ụgwọ tufuo Yeltsin. Na njedebe, na president kwuru, sị: "Iji hell gị, ime ihe ị chọrọ," mgbe ahụ nyere ndụmọdụ ụfọdụ na-esi ewebata otu steeti mberede.

N'ihi ya n'ụlọ njide nke president?

Mkpuchi Gorbachev na Foros a jụwa ọtụtụ ajụjụ: ma ọ na-agbalị ịgbanahụ, na-agbalị ma mee ka na kọntaktị na ndị mmadụ, na-akọwa ya na mberede na-anọghị? Ọchịchị ya telifon ebipuru, ma ekwentị na ụgbọala ya ka nọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ekwentị ọzọ na ụlọ nche. N'ezie, e nwere ihe gosiri na Gorbachev kpọrọ n'oge ya mkpọrọ n'ụlọ ya, tinyere President Nursultan Nazarbayev, na nke ugbu a president nke Kazakhstan, onye bụ onye ndú nke Communist Party nke mba na 1991 na, dị ka Alexander Hinstein, parliamentarian na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere Arkady Volsky, otu n'ime ndị ndụmọdụ ya. Na-akparịta ụka, Gorbachev rụrụ ụka na bụ n'ezie na-arịa ọrịa.

32 nche na president - bụ ihe ọzọ na isiokwu maka arụmụka. Ọ dịghị onye n'ime ha a jidere mgbe ndị kuu, na nchọpụta Proshkin hụrụ na ha bụ ndị ọ bụghị n'ihi na ma ọ bụ megide kuu, n'agbanyeghị iyi egwu jụrụ site ha elu general Plekhanov. Ndịàmà na-ekwu na Gorbachev nwere ike ịhapụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ chọrọ, ma ọ na-agọnarị ya. O nyere a dere iji na na chọrọ gaa Moscow, ma, ọ si, adịghị natara ọ bụla omume. Mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị na Military Collegium nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kpebiri na Gorbachev bụghị mkpọrọ n'ụlọ ya, n'ihi na ọ bụghị ịnwa ịgbapụ.

Na ya autobiography, nche-isi General Medvedev ọbụna kwuru na oge nke na-atụ anya ọgwụgwụ nke na mkpofu nke president bụ a Tu-134.

Dzhon Danlop, ihe American ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere na ọkachamara na kuu d'état na 1991, rụrụ ụka na Gorbachev si Nkịtị eju Aleksandra Yakovleva, ruo ọtụtụ afọ, bụ otu n'ime ndị bụ ezigbo allies nke Soviet ndú. Dị ka ya, ọ dịghị aghọta ihe mere onye President emeghị ọsọ, n'ihi na ndị nche agaghị ọbụna gbalịrị ịkwụsị.

O yighị ka anyị ga-ebi mara ma Gorbachev egwu ime ma ọ bụ nanị na-eche na-esonyere ndị na-emeri n'akụkụ. Dị ka ogologo oge dị ka ọ nọrọ na-enweghị nkwurịta okwu na-abụghị ụwa na Foros, ọ nọ na a zuru okè ọnọdụ: ma ọ bụrụ na ndị kuu okpu, ọ ga-abụ a aja; ma ọ nwere ike na-na a na-edu ndú ọrụ. O yiri ka ndị president ikike kuu, ma nke mere na ọ bụ na-emeghe ka ya na-aka, kwubiri Dunlop.

Gorbachev agọ ndị a boro maka afọ. Palazhchenko, ya pịa odeakwụkwọ, ịdọ aka ná ntị megide okwukwe kpuru kwuru kuu mmasị discrediting bụbu onye ndú. Na 2006, Otú ọ dị, Gorbachev e kpughepụrụ ebubo Yeltsin nke ndisịn idem na kuu. Mgbe afọ 15 nke ọha na eze na-akwado nsụgharị nke bụbu-Soviet President arịa ọrịa Boris Yeltsin gwara Russian telivishọn na n'oge kuu, Gorbachev e asian banyere ihe nile na-eche ịhụ onye ga-emeri. Ihe ọ bụla si na ya pụta, ọ ga-esonyere ndị mmeri.

Na nzaghachi, ndị Gorbachev Foundation, a na-eche tank kere bụbu Soviet ndú iji na-akwalite ochichi onye kwuo uche na Russia, ozugbo ebubo Yeltsin nke blackening aha nke onye bụbu president ná mgbalị ịdọpụ uche ha onwe ha ọrụ na disintegration nke USSR. Ma esemokwu ahụ biri na a stalemate. Yeltsin nwụrụ.

Tankị na Moscow

The ike nke ndị bi na nke Soviet Union mụtara nke kuu ke 1991 ruo n'echi ya rutere si Foros jụụ. On Monday ụtụtụ, anyanwụ bilie n'elu kọlụm nke tankị, na a mbigbọ akpụ akpụ tinyere Kutuzovsky Prospekt - obosara-eduga na etiti nke Moscow. Mgbe akpọsa nzube na 7 am na obodo redio na telivishọn malitere ohuru a na-aga n'ihu "Swan Lake" site Tchaikovsky Kọmitii.

Enweghị doro support Gorbachev kuu nwere nanị ndị agha, nke siworo na-egbu egbu. Marshal Dmitry Yazov, na agbachitere ozi na a conspirator, bụ onye zitere tankị, mesịrị kweta na ya mere a nọmba nke njehie. Dị ka ya, nke kuu d'etat bụ zuru ezu improvisation. E nweghị atụmatụ. Ọ dịghị onye chere na ijide Yeltsin ma ọ bụ oké ifufe nke "White House" (Kasị Elu Council ụlọ). The plotters olileanya na ndị mmadụ ga-aghọta ma na-akwado ha. Ma ha malitere na-ata ụta na ha zitere tankị n'ime etiti nke Moscow.

Mbụ, ndi-nkekọta ike ịdabere na ndị nche agha. Political iguzosi ike n'ihe nke Soviet agha e idiọk mebiri emebi site a usoro nke ọbara clashes na udo demonstrators na aga afọ abụọ. Na 1989, ndị Marines wakpoo a ngosipụta na Tbilisi (Georgia), n'ihi na 20 ọnwụ. Ke adianade do, afọ nke ihe e kere eke nke Emergency Committee - afọ nke ọnwụ nke 14 nkịtị n'oge batara nke KGB pụrụ iche unit mbuso iyi ọha egwu nke Lithuanian nzuko omeiwu na telivishọn center, na demonstrators jide. Mgbe ayak a mpụ maka ha atumatu ata ụta ọchịagha.

Nke a na-efunahụ ndị agha nke ọchịchọ na ọbụna KGB isonye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, karịsịa na center nke Moscow. Ha na-ekpe ụzọ oghe maka Yeltsin, nke bụbu isi obodo kọmitii nke Communist Party, ndị nọchiri Gorbachev okpomọkụ nke 1991 dị ka a na-eduga na-eme mgbanwe ndị Soviet Union na gbalịrị iji merie n'elu akụkụ nke Soviet oruru. Frank na-emeghe ka West, Yeltsin gụnyere-enwe olileanya nke na-emesapụ aka na-eto eto ndị Russia, bụ ndị chọrọ n'ezie ime pụọ na mba uwa iche. Kwa Denham ike ya na-eto.

Yeltsin maara ihe ọ na-risking. A izu ole na ole tupu kuu ọ gara Pavel Grachev, etubom wakpo agha, na jụrụ ma ọ pụrụ ịdabere na ndị ya bụrụ na kuu. Yeltsin na-bụ na mgbe niile zutere General Evgeniem Shaposhnikovym, onye na-ahụ maka ikuku na ike. Ọnụnọ nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ha jikọrọ aka, gosipụtara bụrụkwa.

omimi mmata

Yeltsin rutere Moscow na n'ụtụtụ nke August 19 cottages, na-akwọ ụgbọala gara aga dị na n'ọhịa nso KGB nkewa, nke bụ ijide ya, ma emeghị otú ahụ. Ná ngwụsị nke ụbọchị, 24 awa mgbe nleta nke ndị kuu megide Gorbachev, ọ hapụrụ ụlọ nke Kasị Elu Soviet nke USSR na rigoro on a tank, ndị gara ya n'akụkụ. Mbịne ìgwè mmadụ ndị bịara kwem a mgbochi megide kuu, ọ na-akpọ on niile Russia na-enye ihe zuru ezu nzaghachi kuu na-achọ na nloghachi nke nkịtị iwu iji.

Biakwa obibia nke Yeltsin na ala telivishọn na-etinye kuu ya n'isi. Foreign ọrụ tiivi, bụ nke e nyere nnwere onwe zuru ezu, wepụrụ ọtụtụ iri puku ndị Russia onye wee si iji jide n'aka na mba anaghị ịlaghachi n'oge gara aga. Ndị mmadụ gburugburu ụwa hụrụ tankị na ha turrets efe efe tricolors kwuo uche Russia.

N'ihi ya na ndị agha na-esote 48 awa, Yeltsin maara banyere niile n'ihu omume Emergency Kọmitii. Ọ chọpụtara na afọ atọ gasịrị mgbe American nta akụkọ Seymour Hersh kwuru na President Dzhordzh Bush kagbuo a National Security Council nke Agency iji jide n'aka na Yeltsin mara atụmatụ nke izu mmegide ahụ.

Russian President banyere mkparita uka kọrọ na ezigbo oge. Yeltsin onwe ya kwetara na n'ime a ụbọchị abụọ nnọchibido nke White House, US na-ekwuchitere mba gara leta ya. O dere, sị na ya autobiography na ụfọdụ ebe, ọbụna na-aga na-agba ọsọ na US Embassy, ma mgbe ahụ kpebiri na ha agaghị eme otú ahụ, n'ihi na "ndị mmadụ na-adịghị amasị ndị mba ọzọ na-etinye ọnụ na anyị na-eme."

Mgbe ejije na Monday, August 19, Tuesday bụ a siri impasse na Moscow. Protesters wuru barricades, na kuu isi ntukwasi ihe ize ndụ nke na-ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha na ime. Ma mgbe chi jiri, Yeltsin gosiri pụrụ iche ala. All isi mmalite kọrọ na Emergency Committee kpebiri iji oké ifufe na White House. Dị ka ya pịa odeakwụkwọ Pavla Voschanova, Otú ọ dị, Russian president nọrọ n'abalị ke Re, eri ihe, na-mmanya na-egbu. The n'ozuzu kwuru Medvedev, na ọ maara na wakpo emeghị-ebe.

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Site n'ụtụtụ nke August 21 bụ nanị unit ka nke Emergency Committee nwere ike ịgụ. Ọ bụ otu ìgwè nke "Alpha", nke e nyere ya iwu na-awakpo ndị White House. Ma, echeta ihe ha gosikwa na Lithuania na mmalite nke afọ a, ọgba aghara uwe ojii kpebiri na ya agaghị na-erube isi n'iwu, na na ala, ọ bịara doo anya na nkekọta efu. Defense Minister Yazov nyere iwu ịdọrọ si Moscow na tankị, na-emeghere onwe gbarịta ibe na-esote ụbọchị, mgbe Gorbachev wee n'ihu ọha upbraid ndị mejupụtara nke Emergency Kọmitii. Na ikpeazụ na oge nke ndi-nkekọta gara Foros, nwere na-ofufe ọnụ isi obodo na-ewere ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ebe ndị mere akwụkwọ.

Na ya mgbagwoju na-apụghị ịmata amata na - na a ngwakọta nke random na zubere - August putsch bụ na ọtụtụ ụzọ a precursor na iwu nke post-Kọmunist Russia. Populist ochichi onye kwuo uche Yeltsin anya kwaa ike paternalistic ala: afọ abụọ gachara, ọ ga-ezite tankị megide na nzuko omeiwu na ya, nke ọ gbalịrị iji chebe na 1991.

Kemgbe ahụ, izu ọjọọ wee ebe atumatu si Vladimir Putin wee ike na 1999, "na" n'ụbọchị nke na-alụ agha, na-egwu leapfrog Putin na ya nọchiri, Dmitry Medvedev. Kremlin na ya dreamy spiers anọgide a omimi na etiti nke Russian ndụ.

Otú ihe eketịbede

• August 18: Gorbachev na-agbalị ịrịọ ndị isi nke KGB, Vladimir Kryuchkov maka enyemaka. Ma Kryuchkov duru a kuu.
• August 19, 7 am: Soviet steeti redio na telivishọn na-agbasa ozi na kuu okwu ntinye nke tankị na Moscow.
• August 19: Raisa Gorbachev na-ekwu na n'oge ya mkpọrọ na Foros ahụhụ a obere ọrịa strok.
• On August 19, 5 pm: Vice President Janaev ọkwa president ọrịa.
• 20 August: ndị bi malite iwu barricades n'ihu White House, nke Yeltsin bụ.
• August 20: Gorbachev echere. Dị ka Vasily Starodubtsev conspirator, ọ maara ihe nile.
• August 21, 3 am: pụrụ iche nkeji nke KGB - "Alpha" ìgwè - nye ha iwu ka oké ifufe na White House. Inupụrụ ya isi na-arụpụta-emeghasịkwa nke ibé.
• August 22: Gorbachev si Foros ka ikpe kuu. The nkekọta e jidere.
• December 25: mmetụta nke kuu - Gorbachev arụkwaghịm dị ka onyeisi oche nke Soviet Union, na-esote ụbọchị na Soviet Union na eze kwụsịrị ịdị adị.