Trotsky Lev Davidovich: biography, ruturu

August 21 n'egosi afọ 75 ebe ọ bụ na ụbọchị mgbe Leon Trotsky ama egbu. The biography a ma ama revolutionary dị mma amaara. Ma ọ na-emetụta ndị na-esonụ ọnọdụ: ọ ghọrọ onye iro, ọ bụghị nanị maka ndị na-deservedly-atụle ga-counter-okpuru - iro nke October mgbanwe nke 1917 afọ, ma ndị bụ ndị ya na ya ọ na-akwadebe na achụ nta. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ ghọrọ ihe mgbochi-Kọmunist, na n'okpuru idegharị revolutionary ideals (dịkarịa ala na mbụ). Gịnị bụ ihe mere ndị dị otú ahụ a nkọ okpukpu na-akwado ya, nke mechara kpatara ọnwụ ya? Ka anyị na-agbalị ọnụ chọta azịza nke ajụjụ a. Iji malite, anyị na-ewetara a akwụkwọ eji achọ ọrụ.

Leon Trotsky: A nkenke biography

Nkenke akọwa ọ bụ nnọọ ike, ma ka na-agbalị. Ịmụ Lev Bronstein (Trotsky) November 7 (a pụtara ìhè ukem ini nke ụbọchị, ọma, olee otú anyị pụrụ ekweghị na ịgụ kpakpando?) Na 1879 na ndị ezinụlọ a bara ọgaranya, nweekwa ala, Jew (ma ọ bụ kama, na lessee) na Ukraine, na a obere obodo, nke dị ugbu a na Kirovograd region .

Study malitere na Odessa, na afọ nke 9 afọ (mara na anyị dike hapụrụ ụlọ dị ka a na nwa na mgbe ruo ogologo oge na-abịa n'azụ ya), nọgidere na ọ na 1895-1897. na Nikolaev, mbụ na a ezigbo akwụkwọ, mgbe ahụ Novorossiysk University, ma n'oge na-adịghị ọ kwụsịrị ọzụzụ na nọrọ revolutionary ọrụ.

Ugbu a, arọ iri na asatọ - akpa ala gburugburu nke iri na itoolu na - akpa njide. Afọ abụọ dị iche iche na ụlọ mkpọrọ na remand, alụmdi na nwunye mbụ na otu, dị ka o kwubiri Aleksandroy Sokolovskoy kpọmkwem Butyrskaya (votu madu Russian ọchịchị!), Wee njikọ na Irkutsk Province ya na nwunye ya na nwa-nne-na (madu ka na edinam). Ebe a Trotskiy Lev anaghị ida oge n'efu - ya na A. Sokolov mụrụ ụmụ nwaanyị abụọ, ọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ na oru ndi, e biri ebi na Irkutsk akwụkwọ akụkọ, ọtụtụ isiokwu funneling ná mba ọzọ.

Gịnị ndị a bụ a dizzying njem ma gbalaga na esorowo akwụkwọ aha Trotsky (dị ka ihe àmà nke Lva Davidovicha, bụ aha otu n'ime ndị ọrụ nche na Odessa mkpọrọ, ya aha ahụ pụtara na-agba ọsọ otú ụtọ na ọ chọrọ ka ya na-eme a ụgha paspọtụ) na London.

E anyị dike nọ na-ruo nnọọ ná mmalite nke abụọ Party Congress (1902), na nke e nwere ndị a ma ama gbawara n'etiti n'etiti Bolsheviks na Mensheviks. N'ebe a, o ghọọ ndị maara Lenin, onye toro Trotsky si edemede talent na gbalịrị ịbanye ya na isiokwu osisi nke "Iskra" akwụkwọ akụkọ.

Tupu mbụ Russian mgbanwe , Trotsky Lev were ejighị n'aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnọdụ, oscillating n'etiti Bolsheviks na Mensheviks. Oge a bụ nke abụọ nke ya na nwunye ya na Nataley Sedovoy, Ọ na-ekwubi, ọ bụghị gbara alụkwaghịm si akpa nwunye. Nke a na alụmdi na nwunye bụ nnọọ ogologo, na N. Sedova nọnyeere ya ruo ọnwụ ya.

1905 - n'oge dị oké ngwa ngwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ịrị elu nke anyị dike. Bịarutere a bubbling mgbe ọbara Sunday Petersburg, Lev Davidovich haziri St. Petersburg Soviet na ghọrọ onye mbụ osote onye ya onyeisi oche, GS Nosar (utu aha crystal - a ọkàiwu, a Ukrainian, a nwaafo nke Poltava, onye gbara ke 1918 na onye ntụziaka nke Trotsky), na mgbe e jidere ya, na onyeisi oche. Mgbe ahụ, ná ngwụsị nke afọ - njide, na 1906 - Ụlọikpe na zoro aka na polar mpaghara (n'ógbè nke ugbu a Salekhard) ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.

Ma Trotskiy Lev ga-onwe ya ma ọ bụrụ na-ekwe ka ha lie ya dị ndụ na tundra. On ụzọ njikọ ọ na-eme a daring ụzọ mgbapụ na naanị site ọkara nke Russia ná mba ọzọ.

Nke a na-agbaso site a ogologo oge nke ije biri n'ala ruo mgbe 1917. N'oge a, Lev Davidovich amalite na-achụpụ a ọtụtụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị oru, ebipụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, ụdị nile nke ụzọ nke na-anwa inwe a foothold na revolutionary ije dị ka otu onye nke na-ahazi. Ọ dịghị ewe n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ Lenin, ma-ọbu Mensheviks niile oge dịgasị n'etiti ha, na-achịkwa, na-agbalị ịghọta ihe ndị feuding nku nke na-elekọta ochichi onye kwuo uche. Ọ na-emecha na-agbalị ile a na-edu ndú ọnọdụ na Russian revolutionary ije. Ma ọ bụghị ihe ịga nke ọma, na na 1917, ọ na-achọpụta ya onwe ya na sidelines nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ, nke na-eduga na echiche nke Trotsky ịhapụ Europe na-agbalị ya chioma America.

N'ebe a, o nwetara a-akpali nnọọ mmasị iwebata dị iche iche okirikiri, tinyere ego, nke kwere ya ka ọ bịa Russia mgbe February mgbanwe, na May 1917, o doro anya na ọ bụghị efu akpa. Kpụrụ onyeisi oche nke Petrograd Soviet nwetara ya a ebe ke ọhụrụ ịlọ ụwa nke ewumewu, na ego ike inupụ ndị ndú nke ọhụrụ Council, nke n'okpuru idu ndú nke Trotsky abatakwa n'ime a na-alụ maka ike na-elebara Government.

Ọ n'ikpeazụ (na September 1917), sonyeere Bolsheviks na nwa nke abụọ onye na Leninist party. Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Sokolnikov na Bubnov - na asaa mbụ òtù nke Politburo, nke e hiwere na 1917 jikwaa Bolshevik mgbanwe. N'otu oge ahụ ọ bụ 20 September 1917 na bụ onyeisi oche nke Petrograd Soviet. Fọrọ nke nta niile nke bara uru ọrụ na nzukọ nke ndị October mgbanwe na ya nchebe akpa izu nke Soviet ike - ọrụ Lva Trotskogo.

Na 1917-1918. o jere ozi mgbanwe, mbụ dị ka Ndị mmadụ Commissar maka Foreign Affairs, na mgbe ahụ ka nchoputa na ọchịagha nke Red Army na ọnọdụ nke mmadụ Commissar maka Military na Naval Affairs. Trotskiy Lev bụ a isi sekpụ mmeri nke Bolsheviks na Russian Civil War (1918-1923 gg.). Ọ bụkwa a so na otu (1919-1926 gg.) Nke Political Bureau nke Bolshevik Party.

Mgbe mmeri nke Left Mmegide, nke mere ka ihe ahaghị mgba megide ịrị elu nke Iosifa Stalina na ya atumatu na 1920s iji na-eto eto ọrụ nke ndioru govanmenti na Soviet Union, Trotsky E wepụrụ ike (October 1927), achụpụ Communist Party (November 1927 ) na achụpụ Soviet Union (February 1929).

Dị ka isi nke Fourth International, Trotsky, n'ala ọzọ o wee na-iguzogide Stalinist ndioru govanmenti na Soviet Union. On Stalin si iwu, ọ na-gburu Mexico na August 1940, Ramon Mercader, a Soviet gị n'ụlọnga nke Spanish si malite.

Trotsky echiche na-etolite ndabere nke Trotskyism, a isi ntụziaka nke Marxist echiche, nke na-emegide ozizi Stalinism. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ole na ole Soviet na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-abụghị gbanwee n'okpuru ọchịchị Nikity Hruscheva na 1960, ma ọ bụ n'oge "Gorbachev si" perestroika. Na afọ n'afo 1980, ya akwụkwọ e wepụtara maka akwụkwọ na Soviet Union.

Naanị na post-Soviet Russia ọ gbanwee na Leon Trotsky. Ya biography e nyochara na e dere site na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke a maara nke ọma akụkọ ihe mere eme, gụnyere ihe atụ, Dmitry Volkogonov. Anyị agaghị ịkọ ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu, ma nyochaa naanị ụfọdụ họrọ peeji nke.

The malite nke e guzobere agwa ya na nwata (1879-1895 biennium).

Iji ghọta na malite nke e guzobere àgwà nke anyị dike, i kwesịrị na-elerukwu anya na ebe Leon Trotsky mụrụ. Ọ bụ Ukrainian dịpụrụ adịpụ, n'elu ugbo ebe, nke bụ otu ihe ahụ ma ka na. Na ihe mere ya Bronstein Jewish ezinụlọ: nna, David L., onye hails si Poltava, nne, Anna, si Odessa, ha na ụmụ ha (1847-1922 gg.) (1850-1910 biennium).? Otu dị ka ndị ọzọ na bourgeois ezinụlọ n'ebe ndị - akwụ isi obodo obi ọjọọ erigbu Ukrainian nkịtị. Site na oge nke ọmụmụ anyị dike nke ya amaghị akwụkwọ (nyochaa onwe eziokwu a!) Nna ndụ, n'ezie, gbara ya gburugburu ala ọzọ na ya mba na echiche uche nke ndị mmadụ na-ama ekesịpde ihe ala na ụlọ nke ọtụtụ narị acres ala a uzuoku na nkume igwe nri. Ọ kpudo azụ ọtụtụ ọrụ.

Otú ihe a nile na-echetara ndị na-agụ ihe nke ndụ nke planters, na Boers na South Africa, ebe naanị kama nke nwa Kaffirs swarthy Ukrainians? Na ebe a na ikuku na kpụrụ uma nke obere chepụtara echiche Bronshteyna. Ọ dịghị enyi, ndị ọgbọ ma ọ bụ aghara ụmụ nwoke 'egwuregwu na pranks, onye agwụ bourgeois n'ụlọ na-ele anya n'elu nke Ukrainian ọrụ. Ọ bụ malite na mgbọrọgwụ ya na nwata na-eto eto echiche nke kara ndị ọzọ, nke bụ isi àgwà nke Trotsky.

Ma na-enye a kwesịrị nnyemaaka nna ya, ma, dabara nke ọma, nne ya ịbụ a obere akwụkwọ nwaanyị (site na Odessa mgbe niile), oge chere na nwa-ya nwoke ike karịa a pụtara n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ na-erigbu onye oru ugbo oru, na ha siri ọnwụ na ọ na-zitere na-amụ na Odessa (ebi n'ụlọ ndị ikwu). N'okpuru ebe ị pụrụ ịhụ otú a nwa ahụ Leon Trotsky (foto gosiri).

dike amalite na-egosi àgwà (1888-1895 biennium).

Na Odessa, anyị dike e debara aha na a oru akwụkwọ na a oke na-ekenyela maka ụmụaka ndị Juu. Odessa bụ mgbe a na-ekwo ekwo ekwo ekwo n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'obodo, dị iche iche si ahụkarị Russian na Ukraine obodo nke oge. Oghere Usoro ahụ na fim Sergeya Kolosova "Split" (anyị nwere ike ikwu na-ekiri ya onye ọ bụla nwere mmasị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian mgbanwe), e nwere a idaha ebe Lenin na 1902 na London osobo ọsọ ya mbụ biri n'ala ọzọ Trotsky na ndị nwere mmasị na echiche na o mewo ka ya isi obodo nke UK. Ọ na-ekwu na ndị ọzọ amụta karịa ka ọ na-emepụta Odessa mgbe na-akpụ akpụ ya si a ime obodo backwater, na ọ bụ nanị agaghị ekwe omume na-enweta.

Leo na-amụta ezi, niile afọ a n'usoro site n'ịghọ mbụ na-amụrụ na N'ezie. Na memoirs nke dịkọrọ ndụ, ọ ga-apụta nnọọ oké ọchịchọ, na-agbalịsi maka kara gburugburu gosiri ọdịiche ya si ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe. Site ogo mmadụ Leo amama n'ime ihe nwa okorobịa mara mma, bụ ndị na ọnụnọ nke bara ọgaranya nne na nna ụzọ nile ná ndụ gị ga-emeghe. Ka Leon Trotsky bi (a foto nke ya na oge nke ọmụmụ na-nyere n'okpuru)?

ịhụnanya mbụ

Trotsky na-eme atụmatụ na-amụ na Mahadum nke Novorossiysk. Iji mezuo nke a, ọ na-agafere Nikolayev, ebe o kwusịrị ikpeazụ N'ezie nke a na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ dị afọ 17, ọ na-ama ọbụna chere banyere ihe ọ bụla revolutionary ọrụ. Ma, dị mwute ikwu, na ulo onye nwe ụmụ socialists, ha na-wetara akwụkwọ sekọndrị na ya gburugburu, nke na-atụle ihe dị iche iche revolutionary akwụkwọ - si populist na Marxist. N'etiti ndị òtù nke gburugburu na ọ bụ na A. Sokolovskaya, na nso nso gụsịrị midwifery ọmụmụ na Odessa. Ka Trotsky n'elu afọ isii, ọ mere ka agaghị echefu ya. N'ịchọ igosi ihe ọmụma na ihe na ya ahuhu, Leo oké aku amụ revolutionary chepụtara. Ọ na-egwuri a atọ na ya: na-amalite a oge, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ nkasi a na-arụ.

Revolutinary ọrụ na ịtụ mkpọrọ (1896-1900 biennium).

O doro anya na-eto eto na oké ọchịchọ na mberede ghọtara - n'ihi na ọ bụ otu ihe, na ihe nke ị nwere ike itinye ndụ gị na-eme ka ndị chọsiri ike inweta nsọpụrụ. Ọnụ na Sokolovskaya, Trotsky nọrọ revolutionary ọrụ, bipụtara leaflets, na-eduga na Social Democratic n'ahụhụ n'etiti ndị ọrụ Nikolaev shipyards, haziri "South Russian Ọrụ 'Union.

Na January 1898, ihe karịrị 200 n'otu, gụnyere Trotsky, e jidere. Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ sochirinụ nga echere ikpe - akpa ke Nikolaev, mgbe ahụ, na Kherson, Odessa na mgbe ahụ na Moscow. The Butyrka mkpọrọ , ọ bịara na kọntaktị na ndị ọzọ okpuru. N'ebe ahụ, ọ nụrụ banyere Lenin ma na-agụ akwụkwọ ya "The Development of ikeketeorie na Russia", nke nta nke nta aghọ a n'ezie Marxist. Ọnwa abụọ mgbe a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ (1-3 March 1898), nke mbụ nke e hiwere ọhụrụ Congress nke Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP). Ebe ọ bụ na Trotsky kọwaa onwe ya dị ka onye so na.

alụmdi na nwunye mbụ

Aleksandra Sokolovskaya (1872-1938 gg.) N'ihi oge tupu a na-achụpụ a kpọchiri na otu Butyrskaya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Moscow, ebe ọ bụ n'oge ahụ na Trotsky. O dere, sị ya a ihunanya akwụkwọ ozi, na-arịọ na-ekweta ịlụ ya. Tellingly, nne na nna ya na mkpọrọ ochichi akwado agụsi n'anya, ma di na nwunye ahụ ike megide Bronstein - O doro anya na obi na ha ga-azụlite ụmụ ha dị ka-apụghị ịdabere na (na-adị kwa ụbọchị uche) nne na nna. N'adịghị ka nna ya na nne, Trotsky ka lụọ nwunye Sokolov. Agbamakwụkwọ na oriri ẹkenịmde Jewish nchụàjà.

The mbụ Siberia n'agha (1900-1902 biennium).

Na 1900 enye ama ikpe afọ anọ nke ije biri na Irkutsk n'ógbè Siberia. N'ihi na di na nwunye, Trotsky na nwunye ya na-ekwe ka idozi na otu ebe. N'ihi ya, ụzọ a chụgara obodo Ust-Kut. Ebe a na ha nwere ụmụ nwaanyị abụọ: Zinaida na Nina (1902-1928 gg.) (1901-1933 gg.).

Otú ọ dị, na-dị ka ọrụ okike, dị ka Lev Davidovich, n'akụkụ ya Sokolov okpu. Ndibọhọ a ụfọdụ notoriety ruru dere akwụkwọ isiokwu na Akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ maka ihe, Trotsky enye nwunye ya mara na ọ nwere ike na-agaghị anọ n'ebe emmepe nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ. Sokolovskaya meekly kwetara. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1902 Leo-agba site na Siberia - mbụ na-ezo n'okpuru hay n'ụgbọala na Irkutsk, mgbe ahụ, na a esorowo paspọtụ na aha Lva Trotskogo site okporo ígwè ka ala nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Alexander gasịrị agbapụla na Siberia na umu-ya ndinyom.

Leon Trotsky na Lenin

Mgbe gbanahụrụ Siberia, ọ kwagara London isonyere Plekhanov, Vladimir Lenin, Martov na ndị ọzọ editọ nke Lenin na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Iskra". N'okpuru pseudonym nke "Pen" Trotsky-adịghị anya wee otu onye nke na-eduga ndị dere ya.

Ná ngwụsị nke 1902, Trotsky zutere Nataley Ivanovnoy Sedovoy, onye-adịghị anya wee ibe ya, na site na 1903 ruo ọnwụ ya - nwunye ya. Ha nwere 2 ụmụ: (. 1906-1938 gg) Lva Sedova na Sergei Sedov (March 21, 1908 - October 29, 1937), ma ụmụ ya nwụrụ tupu nne na nna ha.

N'otu oge, mgbe a oge nke uwe ojii nzuzo ada na esịtidem aghara nke soro mbụ Congress nke RSDLP na 1898, na "icheku ọkụ" bụ ike ikpokota 2nd nzuko na London na August 1903. Trotsky na ndị ọzọ na Iskra-ists so na ya.

Congress bịa mgbakọ ahụ kewara abụọ iche iche. Lenin na ya Bolsheviks kpọ a obere, ma ukwuu haziri ahazi party, na Martov na-akwado ya na-Mensheviks chọrọ ike a ibu ma na-erughị dọọ aka ná ntị na nzukọ. Ndị a na-eru nso na-egosipụta iche iche nke ha na nzube. Ọ bụrụ na Lenin chọrọ ike a ọzọ nke ọkachamara okpuru maka ala-alụso autocracy, mgbe ahụ, Martov chọrọ party nke European ụdị na-anya ka Omeiwu ụzọ nke na-alụso tsarist ọchịchị.

N'otu oge Lenin ezigbo enyi togboro a na mberede. Trotsky na ọtụtụ editọ "Edemede" bụ site Martov na Mensheviks mgbe Plekhanov - Lenin na Bolsheviks. N'ihi Lenin, Trotsky si nye di ike na-atụghị anya igbu maka ihe ọ kpọrọ ikpeazụ Judas na o doro anya na mgbe gbaghaara mmehie ha.

N'oge 1903-1904 biennium. ọtụtụ n'ime ndị òtù òtù kwaga n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. N'ihi ya, Plekhanov anya lawara na Bolsheviks. Trotsky nwekwara hapụrụ Mensheviks na September 1904 na elu na-akpọ onwe ya a "ndị na-abụghị factional Social Democrat" ruo mgbe 1917, na-agbalị ịghọta ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche n'ime otu, na n'ihi na abuana ke ọtụtụ clashes na Lenin na ndị ọzọ a ma ama na ndị òtù nke RSDLP.

Olee n'onwe Lenin Lev Trotsky emeso? Quotes si ya ozi na Menshevik Chkheidze nnọọ n'ụzọ doro anya mara mmekọrịta ha. Na March 1913, o dere, sị: "Lenin ... a ọkachamara exploiter nke ọ bụla backwardness na Russian ọrụ 'ije ... The dum ụlọ Leninism a ugbu a wuru na ụgha na falsification na anụ ọhịa bea egbu egbu na-amalite ya ire ere ..."

Mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge a na-alụ maka ike, ọ ga-echeta ya nile hesitations banyere izugbe N'ezie nke ọzọ, e nyere site Lenin. N'okpuru ebe ị pụrụ ịhụ ihe Trotskiy Lev Davidovich (foto site Lenin).

Mgbanwe (1905)

Ya mere, ihe niile na anyị maara banyere àgwà nke anyị dike ka bụghị nnọọ ebu isi ọ na-akọwa. Ya undoubted edemede na oru nta akuko talent bibiri akụkụ-egbu mgbu oké ọchịchọ, posturing, ịchọ ọdịmma onwe (cheta A. Sokolowski ekpe na Siberia na abụọ na-eto eto ụmụ). Otú ọ dị, n'oge mbụ Russian mgbanwe, Trotsky mberede-egosipụta onwe ya na a ụzọ ọhụrụ - dị ka a obi ike mmadụ, onye pụtara ìhè orator, ike edita pụta dị ka ha na-ghar nhazi. Bịarutere May 1905 na-eweso revolutionary St. Petersburg, enye ozugbo rushes n'ime oké ihe, na-aghọ ifịk so na Petrograd Soviet, dere, sị ọtụtụ isiokwu, leaflets, guzo n'ihu amamihe ike kpaliri ìgwè mmadụ ahụ na-acha ọkụ ọkụ okwu. Mgbe a mgbe ọ bụ osote onye na onyeisi oche nke Council, bụ ifịk ifịk na njikere nke October general ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iku. Mgbe ọdịdị nke Tsar si Manifesto nke October 17, bụ onye nyere ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ikike, ike na-emegide ya, na-akpọ maka n'ihu nke mgbanwe.

Mgbe ndị uwe ojii jidere Hrustaleva-Nosara Landau guzo na ya, na-akwadebe a ọgụ ọrụ 'detachments, mmetụta ike nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke agha nnupụisi megide autocracy. Ma ná mmalite nke December 1905 ndị ọchịchị kpebiri achụsakwa ndị Council na njide nke ya nọchiri anya eze. Kpomkwem ịtụnanya akụkọ na-ewe ebe n'oge na njide mgbe ndị uwe ojii wupu n'ime Petrograd Soviet n'ụlọikpe, na onyeisi oche Trotsky n'oké ike nke uche ya na-eru n'obi abịa anya ha maka a mgbe n'èzí n'ọnụ ụzọ, ikwe na-ege ntị iji kwadebe: ibibi ụfọdụ dị ize ndụ ha akwụkwọ, ka tufuo ngwá agha. Ma na njide mere-ebe, na Trotsky bụ nke oge na a Russian n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a na St. Petersburg "obe".

Nke abụọ ụzọ mgbapụ si Siberia

Biography Lva Davidovicha Trotskogo replete na doro anya ihe. Ma anyị na ọrụ na-adịghị ya zuru ezu ngosi. Anyị na-amachi onwe anyị a ole na ole na-egbuke egbuke ngosipụta, nke a na-n'ụzọ kasị doo anya na-egosipụta agwa anyị dike. A na-agụnye akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị a na-abụọ e zoro Trotsky na Siberia.

Nke a oge, mgbe a afọ mkpọrọ (ọ bụ ezie na ezi ezigbo ọnọdụ, tinyere ohere ọ bụla e ji amụ na pịa) Lev Davidovich ikpe ebighi ije biri na Arctic, na Obdorsk district (ugbu a Salekhard). Tupu ọ pụọ, ọ enyefe uche a ijeoma akwụkwọ ozi, sị: "Anyị na-ahapụ na a miri emi okwukwe na ngwa ngwa mmeri nke ndị ya n'oge ochie ndị iro. -Adị ndụ proletariat! Ogologo ndụ na mba socialism! "

Ọ na-aga enweghị na-ekwu na ọ na-akwadebe maka afọ itukwu ke Arctic tundra, na ụfọdụ squalid ụlọ na-atụ anya nzọpụta mgbanwe. Ke adianade do, ihe ụdị mgbanwe nwere ike ikwu okwu, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekere òkè na ya onwe ya?

Ya mere, nanị ụzọ maka ya bụ ihe ozugbo ụzọ mgbapụ. Mgbe convoy ndị mkpọrọ rutere Birch (a maara nke ọma na Russia a ebe biri n'ala ọzọ, ebe ọ nọrọ na niile nke ndụ ya, mbụ ahụ na-erukwa Onye nwem Prince Alexander Menshikov), nke bu ụzọ dị n'ebe ugwu, Trotsky ezisa agha nke nnukwu sciatica. Ọ hụrụ na ọ nọ na-ekpe na a ụzọ uwe ojii na Berezovo mgbake. Duhiere ha na-amụ anya, ọ na-agba ọsọ nke obodo na-esi kacha nso mmezi Khanty. E nwere ihe ụfọdụ ịrịba ụzọ hires na reindeer na snow-kpuchie tundra (ihe na-ewe ebe January 1907), fọrọ nke nta ka a puku kilomita na-aga na Ural Mountains, Bilie eduzi-Hunt. Na na-na na European akụkụ nke Russia, Trotsky mfe obe ya (echefula na 1907 bụ afọ, dị ka ọ bụ, ndị ọchịchị kegide gburugburu olu ha, "Stolypin neckties") na bụ na Finland, ebe ọ kwagara Europe.

Ọ na-n'enweghị dechara ya maka ya, ya mere, na-ekwu okwu, njem, ọ bụ ezie na ihe ize ndụ nke ọ gụrụ onwe ya, bụ incredibly elu. Ọ pụrụ n'ụzọ dị mfe ima a mma ma ọ bụ stun na nditop ke snow ifriizi, chọsiri ike inweta maka ndị fọdụrụnụ nke ego na na-ama ya. Na ọ ga-abụ na igbu ọchụ Lva Trotskogo mere bụghị na 1940, ma iri afọ atọ mbụ. Ọ na-agaghị mere ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị fabulous ịrị elu na afọ nke mgbanwe, ma ọ bụ niile na-agbaso. Otú ọ dị, akụkọ ihe mere eme na akara aka nke Lev Davidovich etebe - dabara nke ọma maka ya, ma ahụhụ-na-ata ahụhụ Russia, na mba ya, ọ na-erughị.

The ikpeazụ omume nke ejije nke ndụ

Na August 1940, ụwa na-agbasa ozi ọma na Leon Trotsky egbu na Mexico, ebe o biri ndụ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya. Ma ọ bụ ihe omume nke ụwa ọnụ ọgụgụ? Ọ bụ echeghi. N'ihi na ọ fọrọ nke nta a afọ, dị ka ọ na e meriri site Poland na ọnwa abụọ agafewo kemgbe ọdịda nke France. Ọku nke agha, China na Indochina. Arụsikwa akwadebe maka agha USSR.

Ya mere, iche site na ole na ole na-akwado n'etiti ndị òtù nke Fourth International tọrọ ntọala site na Trotsky na ọtụtụ ndị iro, si Soviet ọchịchị na-agwụcha na ọtụtụ ndị ụwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọnwụ mmadụ ole na ole kwuru. The akwụkwọ akụkọ "Pravda" na-etinye na-egbu onwe content banyere ozu dere Stalin onwe ya na jupụtara n'ịkpọasị maka iro gburu.

Ọ ga-kwuru na Trotsky nwaa igbu ugboro ugboro. Otu n'ime ihe ndị nwere na-egbu ọchụ akara ọbụna oké Mexico artist Siqueiros, bụ ndị na-wakporo Trotsky si Amọraịt + na Mexico na ndị otu na nke ekpe okpukpe Kọmunist na onwe tọhapụrụ ihe efu bed Lva Davidovicha igwe egbe ọkụ, amaghị na ọ na-ezo n'okpuru ya. Mgbe ahụ bullet gafere.

Ma ihe gburu Lva Trotskogo? The kasị ịtụnanya ihe bụ na a na ngwá bụghị gbuo - a oyi ma ọ bụ a gunshot, na-emebu ice-anyụike, a obere ghota, na-eji climbers mgbe ha na-arị. Na m na-ya na aka nke NKVD gị n'ụlọnga Ramon Merkador, a nwa okorobịa bụ onye nne ya bụ na-ekerechi òkè na Spanish Civil War. N'ịbụ-ekpe okpukpe Communist, ọ ata ụta meriri nke Spanish Republic Trotsky si akwado, onye, ọ bụ ezie na aka na-alụ agha obodo na n'akụkụ nke Republican agha, ma jụrụ ime ihe na akara na iwu, ekenịm ke Moscow. Nke a nkwenye na-enyefe nwa-ya, onye ghọrọ ezi ngwá nke igbu ọchụ.