The ọbara usoro earthworm: nkọwa, Ọdịdị na atụmatụ

Annelid ikpuru - fọrọ nke nta kasị ụdị elu anụmanụ, free-ebi na ala, oké osimiri na ọhụrụ mmiri. Nke a na ụdị worm nwere a ihe mgbagwoju nzukọ karịa roundworms ma ọ bụ mbadamba.

Na ikpuru umu ringed maka oge mbụ na-egosi nke abụọ oghere, ukwuu haziri ọbara tụkwasị usoro na ụjọ usoro.

Earthworm: Ọdịdị

Na cross-ngalaba a n'ụzọ okirikiri ahụ. The nkezi ogologo - banyere 30 cm bụ iche 150-180 agba, ma ọ bụ agba .. Eriri, nke bụ na n'ihu atọ nke ahụ, anamde ọrụ ya na oge nke mmekọahụ (earthworm - hermaphrodite). On n'akụkụ nke agba na-anọ na-mepụtara obere ike bristles. Ha na-eme ka Ndahie nke worm ahu na ala.

Agba dika uhie aja aja nwa ehi, na na afọ a obere Mkpa ọkụ ka azụ.

eke mkpa

The ọbara usoro bụ na niile na ụmụ anụmanụ, ebe vtorichnopolostnyh annelids. E hiwere ya ruru ka na-abawanye nke ndụ ọrụ (dị ka tụnyere ihe atụ, flatworms). Life bụ na mgbe niile ngagharị na-achọ a kwụsiri ike muscular ọrụ, nke n'aka nke na-eme ka mkpa dịkwuo mkpụrụ ndụ ọnọ na oxygen na nri, nke nwere ike na-anapụta ọbara.

Gịnị bụ ọbara usoro nke earthworm? The abụọ isi akwara - azụ na na afo. Na nke ọ bụla nke dị n'etiti akwara nwalere looped arịa. N'ime ndị a, ụfọdụ ubé thickened na kpuchie muscle anụ ahụ. Na ndị a nile, na-arụ ọrụ nke obi, uru ahụ, ọnwụ, ịkwa ọbara n'ime abdominal akwara. Ring "obi" nke na-eru spinal akwara nwere ihe pụrụ iche valves na adịghị enye ọbara eruba na-ezighị ezi ntụziaka na-aga. All arịa na-ekewa a nnukwu netwọk nke kasị mma capillaries. Oxygen na ha na-abịa site ikuku na si eriri afọ amiri ihe nri. Capillaries nke di na muscle anụ ahụ, nye carbon dioxide na ngwaahịa nke decomposition.

Ọbara usoro earthworm emechi, dị ka ọ na n'ihi na oge nke ije anaghị mix na ọmụmụ oghere. Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume na-amụba budata na ọnụego nke metabolism. Animals ndị na-enweghị ọbara pumping usoro, ikpo n'okpuru ugboro abụọ.

The ọbara usoro earthworm

Nri na mgbe ṅụrụ eriri afọ worm ije, na-ekesa site na usoro ọbara ji erugharị na-ọma kpụrụ.

Ya atụmatụ siri ezu maka ụdị anụmanụ. N'elu na n'okpuru eriri afọ tinyere dum na-arịa. The arịa na-agafe na azụ, onwem na uru. Ọ, shrinking na ndinyanade mbịne, undulating agabiga ọbara si azụ n'ihu nke ahu. The n'ihu agba (na ụfọdụ ụdị ikpuru bụ 7-11, y ọzọ - 7-13) a arịa-ejegharị ejegharị na azụ, a kọrọ na ọtụtụ ụzọ abụọ nke agbanye inyịme transverse na isi (na-emekarị 5-7). The ọbara usoro earthworm ndia simulates obi. Mọzụlụ mepụtara budata ike karịa ndị ọzọ, n'ihi ya, ha bu ndi-isi nke usoro ihe ahụ nile.

ọtọ atụmatụ

The ọrụ nke ọbara usoro nke earthworm yiri ọrụ nke hemodynamics vertebrates. Blood-apụta nke obi, dara n'ime a awụnye emi odude ke abdominal uji eze. Ọ bụ a ije na ike nke worm mkpụrụ ndụ. On ya ụzọ a ọbara na-eburu nri n'ime nta arịa, emi odude ke mgbidi nke mkpụrụ ndụ. Na mmalite oge uto, ọbara aga na kenwe.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ ọbara usoro earthworm bụ na arịa na onye ọ bụla ngwa na-akpụ akpụ n'ime ndị kasị nta na capillaries. Blood si ndị a aga n'ime arịa ewekarị gafee isi, site na nke ọbara aga n'ime dorsal akwara. Uru na-na niile ọbara arịa, ọbụna n'onye kasị nta. Nke a na-enye ohere ka ọbara na-abụghị stagnate, karịsịa na mpụta nke ọbara tụkwasị usoro nke ụdị annelid.

eriri afọ

Na nke a akụkụ nke ahụ ahụ nke irighiri bụ a karịsịa na ok capillary plexus. O yiri ka ha jide eriri afọ. Part nke capillaries na-eweta nri, nke ọzọ akụkụ-eburu ha ofụri idem. The uru nke ọbara arịa gburugburu eriri afọ nke ụdị nke annelid, ọ bụghị dị ka ike dị ka ndị dorsal arịa ma ọ bụ obi.

ọbara mejupụtara

The ọbara usoro earthworm on a gleam red. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na umi ke ọbara ndị yiri na chemical Ọdịdị na haemoglobin, ọbara nke na-abanye mejupụtara nke vertebrates. Ihe dị iche dị ka ndị a na bekee na-hụrụ na plasma (mmiri mmiri akụkụ nke ọbara mejupụtara) na ngwọta na-adịghị na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara. The nnọọ ọbara nke earthworm - bụ mkpụrụ ndụ na-enweghị agba, nke ọtụtụ ụdị. Ha na-structurally yiri colorless mkpụrụ ndụ na-eme ka ọbara nke vertebrates.

Ụgbọ njem oxygen mkpụrụ ndụ

Sel oxygen vertebrate akụkụ okuku ume na-agafere si haemoglobin. Blood ikpuru umi yiri na mejupụtara, na-emekwa ka oxygen niile mkpụrụ ndụ nke ahụ. The naanị ihe dị iche bụ na ikpuru akụkụ okuku ume na ọ dịghị. Ha "eloda" na "elo" nke ahụ n'elu.

The mkpa na-echebe film (cuticle) nke anụ ahụ na epithelia nke irighiri na elu akpụkpọ capillary network ana achi achi mma absorption nke oxygen si ikuku. Capillary ududo bụ otú nnukwu na e nwere ọbụna epithelium. N'ihi ya, ọbara aga site na aru arịa The mgbidi na transverse arịa na isi ọwa nke azuokokoosisi, nke mere na dum na enriched na oxygen. The ọbara ọbara hue nke ahụ ahụ nke ụdị ringed na-enye ya nnukwu capillary mgbidi netwọk.

N'ebe a, anyị ga-arịba ama na a mkpa film na-ekpuchi ahụ nke earthworm (cuticle), na-nnọọ mfe a gwara. Ya mere, oxygen na-etisasịwo mbụ na mmiri tụlee, nke na-enwe cutaneous epithelium. Site na nka, oputara na akpụkpọ mgbe niile kwesịrị ịbụ ooh. N'ihi ya, ọ na-aghọ doro anya na iru mmiri nke gburugburu ebe obibi - otu ihe dị mkpa ọnọdụ maka ndụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a.

Ọbụna ndị nwetụrụ ihicha nke anụ akwụsị na-eku ume. N'ihi na ọbara usoro ihe earthworm adịghị eweta oxygen mkpụrụ ndụ. Ọ bụghị nnọọ na oge ọ na-adịgide ndụ dị otú ahụ ọnọdụ, iji anụ ụlọ mmiri onunu. Rescue glands dị na akpụkpọ. Mgbe ọnọdụ na-aghọ n'ezie nnukwu earthworm amalite pụrụ nke uji eze ọmụmụ, akụkụ vybryzgivaya ya mgbe enịm na azụ.

Digestive na ụjọ usoro

earthworms digestive usoro mejupụtara a foregut, n'etiti ma n'azụ. N'ihi na ọ dị mkpa ka na-ebi ndụ a karị digestive usoro nke earthworms ọ na-arahụ site na ọtụtụ nkebi nke mma. Na digestive tract pụtara ngalaba, onye ọ bụla nke e ofu a kpọmkwem ọrụ.

Isi ahụ nke usoro - nsia tube. Ọ na-ekewa ndị onu uji eze, pharynx, na nkọlọ, afo (muscular ahu), a n'etiti na a n'azụ eriri afọ, ike.

Na na nkọlọ na akpịrị glands ụzọ ọpụpụ ducts na-enwe mmetụta na ịkwa nri. The midgut nri na-esichara na ya na ngwaahịa nke mgbaze na-etinye obi gị dum n'ime n'ọbara. Residues n'ọnụ ike.

The dum ogologo nke nwa ehi worm si peritoneum aga akwara ụdọ. N'ihi ya, onye ọ bụla nke nwere ya development nke ụjọ lumps. N'ihu akwara udo bụ annular akwa esịnede abụọ ejikọrọ ọnụ. Ọ na-akpọ peripharyngeal akwara mgbanaka. Ọ diverges si a netwọk nke akwara endings nile ahu.

Digestive, ọbara na ụjọ usoro nke earthworm bụ ọtụtụ mgbagwoju anya, n'ihi na ọganihu nke niile ụdị annelids. Ya mere, tụnyere ndị ọzọ ụdị ikpuru, ha nwere a dị nnọọ mma na nzukọ.