The physiology nke mmadụ obi

The physiology nke obi bụ a echiche na nke ọ bụla dọkịta ga-aghọta. Nke a ihe ọmụma dị ezigbo mkpa na-adakarị omume na-ekwe ka ịghọta obi nkịtị tụnyere arụmọrụ bụrụ na nke ọrịa nke obi muscle mgbe ọ dị mkpa.

Gịnị bụ ọrụ nke obi muscle?

Iji malite ịghọta ihe ọrụ nke obi, na physiology nke ahụ ga-ahụ ga mma ghọtara. Ya mere, isi ọrụ nke obi muscle na-pumping ọbara a akwara n'ime akwara na a rhythmic ijeụkwụ, nke na-emepụta a mgbali grajentị na gụnyere ya Iweputa ije. Nke ahụ bụ ọrụ nke obi bụ inye ọbara ọbara ozi kinetic ike. Ọtụtụ ndị na-akpakọrịta na-myocardium na a mgbapụta. Naanị, na iche a na usoro, obi nwere a elu arụmọrụ na ọsọ transients ire ụtọ na oke nke nchekwa. Na obi anụ ahụ na-mgbe niile emelitere.

Circulation na ya mmiri

Iji ghọta physiology nke obi ọbara, ọ na-aghọta, ihe bụ mmiri ọbara ekesa.

The ọbara usoro mejupụtara anọ ọcha: obi muscle, ọbara arịa, iwu usoro na ahụ, nke bụ ọbara ọdọ mmiri. Nke a na usoro - a akụrụngwa nke obi usoro akụrụngwa (na lymphatic usoro a na-gụnyere na obi usoro).

Ekele ọhụrụ usoro ọbara na-akpali were were site na arịa. Ma e nwere na-emetụta ihe ndị dị ka: na-arụ ọrụ nke obi muscle dị ka a "mgbapụta" mgbali larịị dị iche na obi usoro, obi valves na veins na gbochie ọbara-eru azụ, na-akpa iche. Ke adianade do, imetụta ekwedo nke arịa mgbidi, intrapleural ọjọọ mgbali, adịru ọbara "ruo" na ndị ọzọ na-adị mfe na-alaghachikwuru obi site na veins na ịmanye ọbara ike ndọda. Site na mbenata ọbara na-kewapụrụ, skeletal muscle ume na-aghọ ndị ọzọ Ugboro na oké, na nke a na-eduga ná eziokwu na pleural mgbali na-ebelata, mụbara ọrụ proprioceptors, amụba excitability nke Central ụjọ usoro na gbasara obi muscle contractile ugboro.

mgbasa

Na ahụ mmadụ na e nwere abụọ mgbasa: nnukwu na obere. Ọnụ na obi, ha na-etolite a mechiri emechi-akaghị usoro. Ịtụle ihe ndị physiology obi na ọbara arịa, na-aghọta dị ka ọbara circulates ha.

Back ke 1553, M. Servetus kọwara akpa ume mgbasa. Ọ na-esite n'aka nri ventricle na-abatakwa akpa ume na akpati ahụ n'ime akpa ume. Ọ bụ na akpa ume gas mgbanwe a rụrụ, mgbe ahụ, ọbara na-agba site na veins nke ìhè na-abịa n'ime ekpe atrium. N'ihi na nke a na e nwere ọbara oxygenation. Ọzọkwa, oxygenated, ọ aga n'ime ekpe ventricle, nke ụbọchị laghachi nnukwu gburugburu.

Banyere systemic mgbasa mmadu ọ bịara mara na 1685, na meghere William Harvey. Dị ka isi nke physiology obi na nrugharị ọbara usoro, ọbara a enriched na oxygen, ọ na-akpali tinyere aorta, aga a obere arịa site na nke na-agafere na akụkụ na anụ ahụ. Na ha, gas mgbanwe emee.

Ọzọkwa na ahụ mmadụ na e nwere elu na nke ala vena cava agwụ n'ime nri atrium. Dị ka ya na-akpụ akpụ venous ọbara, nke nwere obere oxygen. Ọ kwesịkwara kwuru na a nnukwu gburugburu ọbara ọbara-agabiga akwara, na venous - site na veins. Na obere gburugburu n'ụzọ nile gburugburu.

The physiology obi na vaskụla usoro

Ugbu a, ka na-ahụ na zuru ezu na physiology nke obi. The myocardium bụ a striated muscle anụ ahụ, nke na-emi esịnede pụrụ iche mkpụrụ ndụ a na-akpọ onye cardiomyocytes. Ndị a mkpụrụ ndụ na-interconnected na-etolite a nexus na muscle eriri nke obi. The myocardium bụghị anatomically holistic aru, ma-arụ ọrụ dị ka a syncytium. Nexus ngwa ngwa na-eduzi excitation si otu cell ọzọ.

Dị ka physiology nke obi nke ihe owuwu, e nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị muscle na nkọwa ndị doro nke ọrụ, na ọ bụ gbara gharịị uru na-eme myocardium, nke na-emi esịnede muscle emep uta eri, na-ji na-mepụtara-akara n'ahụ transverse striations.

The isi n'ahụ Njirimara nke myocardium

Heart physiology na-atụ aro na ahụ nwere ọtụtụ n'ahụ Njirimara. Na nke a:

• Excitability.
• Conductivity na ala lability.
• Contractility na refractory.

Banyere excitability, ọ bụ ike iji na-striated uru ime akwara esi gboo. Ọ bụghị dị ka nnukwu dị ka nke yiri skeletal muscle ụdị. Mkpụrụ ndụ na myocardium ji a nnukwu uru nke akpụkpọ ahụ nwere, nke na-akpata ha mmeghachi omume naanị ịrịba iyatesịt.

Physiology nke gbasara obi conduction usoro bụ na n'ihi na eziokwu na conductive excitation ọnụego bụ obere, na atria na ventricles amalite kpum alternately.

Refractivity, iche, pụta ụwa ogologo oge, nke bụ na nkwurịta okwu na ndaba oge. N'ihi na eziokwu na refractory oge na-ruo ogologo oge, obi muscle na-ebelata na a otu ụdị, na dika iwu "niile ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla".

Gbara gharịị nwayọọ muscle esiwọrọ pụta ụwa contractility Njirimara, ma ndị dị otú emep uta eri nwere a elu larịị nke metabolism. Ebe a na-enyemaka mitihondrii, ọrụ nke dị nso ọrụ nke akwara ozi. Mitihondrii eduzi akwara esi gboo na-enye oscillation. Gbasara obi conduction usoro kpụrụ kpomkwem n'ihi na nke gbara gharịị infarction.

Gbara gharịị myocardium na ya isi Njirimara

• Gbara gharịị larịị nke excitability nke myocardium bụ obere karịa nke skeletal muscle, ma ọ bụ karịa na nke e ji mara nke contractile myocardium. Akwara esi gboo na-eme ebe a.
• Conductivity gbara gharịị infarction bụkwa obere karịa nke skeletal muscle, ma, on Kama nke ahụ, ka dị elu karịa nke myocardial contractile.
• The refractory oge na-ruo ogologo oge na-ebilite edinam nwere na calcium ion.
• N'ihi gbara gharịị infarction e ji obere lability na obere ike ịda mbà.
• Mkpụrụ ndụ na-onwe ha n'ịwa a akwara na-akwadoghị akwado (akpaka).

The conductive usoro gbara gharịị muscle

Site n'ịmụ physiology nke obi, ọ ga-kwuru na ndị conductive usoro gbara gharịị muscle mejupụtara a ọnụ sinoatrial odude nri on n'azụ mgbidi, na ókè kewara elu na nke ala vena cava, ọnụ atrioventricular eziga pulses ventricles (emi odude n'okpuru interatrial septum), doo His- (agabiga atrial septum na-gastric ventricle). Ọzọ akụrụngwa gbara gharịị muscle - a Purkinje emep uta eri, alaka nke na-nyere cardiomyocytes.

Ọzọkwa ebe a, e nwere akụkụ ndị ọzọ: Kent n'ùkwù n'ùkwù na Meygaylya (mbụ igba tinyere mpụta oke nke obi muscle na ejikọta ndị atrium na ventricle, nke abụọ bụ n'okpuru atrioventricular ọnụ, na Site n'ibu n'ókè na ventricles enweghị na-emetụta na ngugu nke Ya). N'ihi ndị a akụkụ, mgbe atrioventricular ọnụ na agbanyụrụ, nyefe usu-nyere, nke abuana enweghị isi ọmụma eruba na ọrịa na-eme ka n'ihu mkpi nke obi muscle.

Gịnị bụ a gbasara obi okirikiri?

Physiology nke n'obi ọrụ dị otú ahụ na mkpi nke obi muscle nwere ike na-akpọ a haziri nke ọma ogbe usoro. Hazie usoro a na-enyere ndị gbasara obi conduction usoro.

Ka obi contracts rhythmically, mgbe ụfọdụ ọbara na a chụrụ n'ime ọbara usoro. Gbasara obi okirikiri bụ oge mgbe obi muscle contracts na-eme ka. Nke a okirikiri mejupụtara systoles na ventricular fibrillation, na kwusi. Mgbe atrial systole mgbali na-abawanye site na 1.2 mm HG ka 6-9 na 8-9 mm HG na ziri ezi na ekpe atria karị. N'ihi ya, ọbara-aga ka ventricles site atrio-ventricular oghere. Mgbe nsogbu na-ekpe na nri ventricles 65 na esịmde 5-12 mm HG, karị, pụtara na ọbara Ịchụpụ emee ventricular diastole, entailing a ngwa ngwa dobe na mgbali na ventricles. A na-enwekwu nsogbu na nnukwu arịa na-eduga na ida nke ndị semilunar valves. Mgbe nsogbu na ventricles daa efu, ga-emepe a flaapu ụdị valves na-abịa na-adọ na nke ventricles na-ejupụta. Nke a na-adọ ahụ na diastole.

Gịnị bụ oge nke okirikiri n'ụzọ nke obi muscle? Ajụjụ a bụ nke na-adọrọ mmasị na ọtụtụ ndị nwere mmasị na physiology nke gbasara obi iwu. Anyị nwere ike sị na otu ihe: ha oge bụghị mgbe niile bara uru. N'ebe a bụrụkwa ihe na-akpata na-atụle ga ugboro nke n'afọ iri na ụma nke obi muscle. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọrụ nke obi na-emechu ihu na n'otu n'afọ iri na ụma na-adọ oge nwere ike ịdị iche iche.

Mpụga ịrịba ama nke obi ọrụ

Iji obi muscle e ji mara eyi ihe ịrịba ama nke ya na-arụ ọrụ. Ndị a gụnyere:

• Push onu ire.
• Ọdụdọ phenomena.
• Heart ụda.

Minute na systolic olu nke infarction nwekwara egosi nke ya ịrụ ọrụ.

N'oge ahụ, mgbe e nwere ventricular systole, obi na-eme ka a uzo site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri, na-agbanwe agbanwe na mbụ elliptical udi a okirikiri. The elu nke obi muscle na-akpọlite na-ewepụta nsogbu na obi na V ekara intercostal ohere na n'aka ekpe. N'ihi ya na-ebilite na apical akwadoghị akwado.

Banyere physiology nke obi-aj u, mgbe ahụ, ha ga-kwuru iche iche. The-aj u na-ụda ihe na-eme n'oge na-arụ ọrụ nke obi muscle. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obi-dịpụrụ adịpụ abụọ aj u. First ụda - ọ bụ systolic - nke-ahụkarị nke ahụ atrioventricular valves. Nke abụọ ụda - diastolic - pụtara na oge nke na-emechi ndị valves nke akpa ume akpati aorta. The mbụ ụda ogologo, oghere na n'okpuru abụọ. The abụọ ụda dị elu na obere.

Iwu nke gbasara obi ọrụ

Dị nnọọ abụọ iwu gbasara obi ọrụ nwere ike ịbụ na-akwanyere ùgwù: iwu na iwu nke gbasara obi emep uta eri n'afọ iri na ụma nke obi muscle.

The mbụ (O. Frank - E. Starling) na-ekwu na ihe muscle eriri na-agbatị, na ike ga-ya n'ihu Mbelata. Na gbatia larịị na-emetụta ego nke ọbara na-akwakọba na obi n'oge diastole. The ukwuu olu, ihe ike ga-a Mbelata n'oge systole.

The abụọ (F. Bainbridge) na-ekwu na mgbe ndị ọbara mgbali adahade ke oghere veins (na estuaries), na-abawanye na ugboro ole na osisi ike nke muscle contractions na mpiaji larịị.

Ma ndị a na iwu na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge. Ha kọrọ na usoro nke onwe-iwu, nke na-enyere imeghari ọrụ nke obi muscle dị iche iche ọnọdụ nke ịdị adị.

Ịtụle physiology nke obi na nkenke, ọ bụghị banyere eziokwu ahụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ahụ a na-emetụta ụfọdụ homonụ, neurotransmitters ma ịnweta salts (electrolytes). Ka ihe atụ, atsetilhopin (ogbugbo) na a njuputa nke potassium ion imeda obi ọrụ, na-eme a obere n'afọ iri na ụma, nke mere na ọ nwere ike ịbụ ọbụna gbasara obi njide. A nnukwu ego nke calcium ion, adrenaline na noradrenaline, on Kama nke ahụ, na-eme ka ike nke obi-arụ ọrụ na ya ihe ugboro ugboro. Epinephrine, nwekwara kọwakwuru na akwara ọbara arịa, si otú rụọ myocardial oriri na-edozi.

Usoro nke ụkpụrụ nke gbasara obi ọrụ

Dị na ihe ndị a chọrọ maka oxygen oriri na-edozi, ugboro na ike nke mkpi nke obi muscle nwere ike ịdị iche iche. Arụ Ọrụ nke obi na-usoro pụrụ iche neurohumoral usoro.

Ma, obi nwere ya usoro iwu usoro na-eme. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-emetụtachaghị Njirimara nwere ndị myocardial emep uta eri. Ebe e nwere bụ a mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike na na emep uta eri belata size nke n'afọ iri na ụma nke obi muscle, nakwa dị ka ndị na nduzi nke ume Mbelata na ogo nke eriri erughị ala n'oge diastole.

Na-agbanwe Njirimara nke myocardial emep uta eri, nke na-egosipụta onwe bụghị na usoro nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike conjugations, a na-akpọ n'ezinụlọ. Ebu agbanwe Njirimara atụle trophic support-eku na actomyosin àkwà mmiri, nke na-dị na bụghị n'ọrụ muscle. Ọkpọ a dị mma utịp ke ekwedo nke myocardium mgbe e nwere sclerotic Filiks.

Ọ bụrụ na a onye a hụrụ ischemic contracture ma ọ bụ mgbu myocardial ọrịa, ụba isi nke bridging.

Ọrụ nke obi usoro bụ a mgbagwoju usoro. Ọ bụla odida nwere ike ịkpata-ezighị ezi pụta. Mgbe nile ịkpọ onye dọkịta na adịghị eleghara ya kwe nkwa. Mgbe niile, iji gbochie ọrịa bụ mfe karịa na-agwọ ya, na-etinye ego na oké ọnụ ọgwụ ọjọọ.