The Second Punic War (218-201 TOA ..): akpatara, pụta. Ihe mere maka mmeri nke Carthage na Nke abụọ Punic War. Gịnị bụ ihe dị iche na mbụ na nke abụọ Punic Wars?

Agha nke Rome megide Carthage ogide a dị ịrịba ama ná akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ancient World. Ha nwere mmetụta na n'ihu mmepe nke Mediterranean na dum nke Europe. Nke abụọ Punic War 218-201 afọ. BC. e. - egbuke nke atọ wee ebe. Ọzọkwa na-akpọ Hannibalic agha, ma ọ bụ ndị agha megide Hannibal. Ke adianade Rome na Carthage na esemokwu wee akụkụ Numidia, Pagamọm, Aetolian League, Syracuse, Achaean League na Macedonia.

prehistory

Na 242 BC. e. udo nkwekorita na biri na mbụ Punic War e banyere. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a nkwekọrịta, Carthage furu efu akara nke ego si nwe nke Sicily, fọrọ nke nta nanị ahia nke Carthaginians na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Mediterranean na-idiọk mebiri emebi site Rome. Na njedebe, Carthage bụ na a siri ike ọnọdụ akụ na ụba, na ya na-achị usoro ndị eze Barkidov - na a mwepu si na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ - mmegide amụbawo. Ọbụna mgbe o doro anya na n'ọdịnihu dị nso ga-ebe nke abụọ Punic War n'etiti ndị Rom na Carthage ibibi otu n'ime ha, ya bụ. Iji. The abụọ isi ike na Mediterranean, e nweghị ụlọ.

Asọmpi maka Spain

Hamilcar, ndị ọchịagha Carthage na onyeisi ndị agha, ulo oru a mgbasa ozi maka mmeri nke Spanish n'ókèala. Akpa, Ógbè Iberia bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu na eke ego, na abuo, si Spain nwere ike ịbụ mara mma ngwa ngwa iji Italy. Hamilcar, ya na nwa-ya na iwu Hasdrubal bụ ifịk mụbaa ókè nke Carthage nke fọrọ nke nta 10 afọ ruo mgbe nnọchibido Helice e gburu. Ya na-akpakọrịta Hasdrubal na-bụ a aja nke Ibero-obi fere azụ na New Carthage, tọrọ ntọala site na ya.

New Carthage ngwa ngwa ghọrọ center nke dum dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Mediterranean ahia, nakwa dị ka ndutịm center puniyskih onwunwe. N'ihi ya, Carthage bụghị naanị ụgwọ atụrụ maka funahụrụ ha site na njedebe nke Mbụ War na Rome, kama ọ na-nwere ọhụrụ na ahịa, na ọla-ọcha mines nke Spain Barkidov mma na yipụ ha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị iro ọ bụla support. Nke abụọ Punic War 218-201 afọ. BC. e. Ọ bụ nanị otu okwu nke oge.

Rome nchegbu

Roman ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na agha ndị ndú ndị nwere nchegbu miri emi inweta ike Carthage. Rome ghọtara na ọ bụ ka akaha kwụsị punov, ma mgbe a mgbe ọ ga-esi ike. Ya mere, ndị Rom malite ịchọ ihe ngọpụ maka amalite a agha. N'oge ndụ nke Hannibal nna, Hamilcar, ókè nke ala Iber River e rụrụ n'etiti Carthage na Rome ka Spain.

Rome Nleta njikọ aka ha na Soguntom. Ọ doro anya eduzi megide Carthage, na kpọmkwem ya kwụsị tupu n'ihu ugwu. Na mmalite nke abụọ Punic War na-abịaru nso, Rome ke mkpa dị ike otú ahụ onye agbata obi, ma na-na-ekwu okwu si na iru ocho okwu o nwere ike ọ bụghị, otú ahụ jikọrọ aka Soguntom e kwubiri. O doro anya na Rome e bu n'obi na-echebe ihe mmekorita, ma onye agha na ya Carthage nyere ihe ngọpụ maka amalite a agha.

Hannibal si Barkidov usoro

Hannibal a kara aka na-aghọ a nnọchianya nke mgba megide Roman na-achị na Mediterranean, ọ gbara mbọ na-eme ihe ọ dịghị onye nwara anwa ime. Ọ bụ a nkà agha ndú na onye iwu, ndị agha na-akwanyere ùgwù ya, ọ bụghị maka ya na-amụ, na n'ihi onye rụzuru na-edu ndú àgwà.

Site na nwata Hamilcar nna were nwa-ya agha. N'oge ya bụ dimkpa, ọ bụ na ndị agha, bụ ebe a na nwa na-achọ ọnwụ na ihu. Na na anya-ya egbu ọtụtụ, ọtụtụ narị, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ọtụtụ puku ndị mmadụ. Ọ ghọwo-agba nkịtị na nke a. Ịnọgide ọzụzụ Hannibal tụgharịa na a nkà fighter, na-amụ ihe ndị metụtara agha - na a agha amamihe. Ka ọ dịgodị Hamilcar mere ihe niile iji nweta nso ka Gris ụwa, otú ọ kụziiri mkpụrụ okwu Grik nke nwa ya na-akụziri ya ndị omenala nke ndị Gris. Nna maara bụghị ịnagide enweghị allies na Rome, na-akụziri ụmụ ha ka ha na omenala, nakwa dị ka melite na Union. Ọrụ dị mkpa nke a bụ na-egwu Hannibal. Nke abụọ Punic War na-eche na site na ha ruo ọtụtụ afọ. O kwere na ọ ga-ebibi Rome mgbe ọnwụ nke nna-ya.

Na-akpata agha

E nwere atọ isi ihe mere na ada ntiwapụ nke abụọ agha n'etiti ndị Rom na Carthage:

1. mkparị na ya pụta maka Carthage, n'okpuru okwu nke udo nkwekorita na biri na mbụ Punic War.

2. The eto ngwa ngwa nke n'ókèala nke Carthage na ya inwetara na-efu nke ndị kasị baa ọgaranya ala na Spain, nke rụpụtara na ike nke agha ya ike.

3. The nnọchigide-n'agha na kpọọ nke Carthage Rome Sogunta n'otu na ọ bụ ukara mere, nke rụpụtara na Nke abụọ Punic Agha Mmetụta. Ihe mere na ọ bụ ndị ọzọ iwu karịa n'ezie, ma ha emewo ka otu n'ime ndị kasị rivalries niile nke mere n'oge ochie.

Akasiaha agha

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Hamilcar na Hasdrubal ọchịagha nke igbu ọchụ na hoputara Hannibal. Mgbe ahụ, ọ dị nnọọ tụgharịa 25 afọ, ọ bụ zuru nke ike na mkpebi siri ike na-ebibi Rome. Ke adianade do, o nwere a pụtara ihe ọma set nke ihe ọmụma nke ihe ndị metụtara agha na, n'ezie, na-edu ndú.

Hannibal n'aka onye ọ bụla ọ bụla na nzuzo na ọ chọrọ iji wakpo Sogunt, nke bụ na-arụrụ Rome, ma si otú na-arụ na nke ikpeazụ agha. Otú ọ dị, Hannibal emeghị ọgụ mbụ. Ọ hụrụ na Sogunt wakporo Iberian ebo bụ ndị dị n'okpuru ike nke Carthage, na nanị mgbe ahụ ọ kwagara ya agha ka "ocho okwu". Hannibal ezi weere ya na Rome agaghị ịkpata agha enyemaka Soguntu, t. Iji. O duuru agha megide Gauls na Illyrian na My Chemical Romance. Nnọchibido Sogunta kere 7 ọnwa, mgbe nke ebe ewusiri ike e weere. Rome emeghị enye agha aka ya enyere Devid aka. Mgbe na-ewere Sogunta Rome zigara otu ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo na Carthage, nke kwuru agha. The Second Punic War malitere!

hostilities

The agha were karịa afọ 15. N'oge a, ọ fọrọ nke nta akwụsịghị ọ bụla clashes n'etiti ndị Rom na Carthage, ma ọ bụ n'etiti ha na ha jikọrọ aka. Gburu iri puku kwuru iri puku mmadụ. N'ime afọ uru sitewo n'aka ruo aka, ma ọ bụrụ na mbụ oge nke agha, chioma bụ na n'akụkụ nke Hannibal, mgbe a mgbe ndị Rom ike, na-eme ka a na usoro nke isi wee merie Poonam na Iberia na North Africa. Hannibal otú nọgidere na ndị Apennine dịịrị banye na mmiri. Na Italy, Hannibal onwe ya enweta ezi ihe, na-amanye jijiji na aha ya dum obodo bi.

Nke abụọ Punic War gosiri na Hannibal bụ hà na agha. Nke a na-egosi site Agha nke River Ticino na Trebbia, nso Trasimeno Lake na, n'ezie, kpara agha Cannae, nke na-dụkọta n'ime ndị agha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke red eri.

The alụ ọgụ na ọtụtụ asakde iso ese: na Italy, Spain, Sicily, North Africa na Macedonia, ma "engine" nke Carthage na ya jikọrọ aka ndidi Hannibal agha na ya onwe ya. Rome mere ka ya onwe ya ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke "igba obara" ya, igbochi ụzọ onunu, ngwá agha na reinforcements maka agha Italy. Rome mere, mgbe ọ chọpụtara na Hannibal mbụ mkpa ka iyuzucha enweghị ulo-ikwū-agha, wee gwụ. The plan enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma, ma tupu ya Rome ahụhụ otu mmeri mgbe ọzọ, karịsịa dị mkpa iburu n'obi na agha nke Cannae. Agha n'agha nka nke Carthage nwere 50,000 agha, Rome - 90 000. The emegide fọrọ nke nta ka okpukpu abụọ, ma, ọbụna ndị dị otú ahụ a space kara Rome nwere ike ọ gaghị emeri. N'oge agha 70,000 agha Rom, 16,000 na-n'agha, mgbe Hannibal efu naanị 6000 ndị gburu.

Ihe mere maka mmeri nke Carthage na Nke abụọ Punic War

E nwere ọtụtụ ihe mere nke dugara mmeri nke Rome. Firstly, na ọ bụ eziokwu na Carthage agha ẹkewetde tumadi nke mercenaries, nke bụ nnọọ bụghị mkpa ndị ha na-alụ ọgụ - ha ịlụ akwụ ụgwọ maka ya. Ọ dịghị ịhụ mba n'anya mmetụta n'etiti mercenaries abụghị, n'adịghị ka ndị Rom, onye na-agbachitere ha n'ala nna ha.

Nke abuo, na Carthaginians onwe ha dị na Africa, na-adịghị aghọta ihe mere ha mkpa ha na a agha. Domestically, na e guzobere ọhụrụ Barkidov oké njọ mmegide, nke megidere agha Rome. Ọbụna mgbe agha Cannae Carthage oligarchs enweghị ịnụ ọkụ n'obi zipụ ụfọdụ reinforcements ka Hannibal, ọ bụ ezie na a enyemaka nwere ike ịdị nnọọ ukwuu, na mgbe ahụ pụta agha gaara dị iche iche. Ihe bụ na ha na-atụ egwu nke na-ewusi ike nke Hannibal na oruru nke ọchịchị aka ike, n'azụ nke ga-esochi mbibi nke oligarchy dị ka a na-elekọta mmadụ na klas.

Nke atọ, nnupụisi na aghụghọ, ụgha anwu na ọ bụla nzọụkwụ nke Carthage, na enweghị ihe ọ bụla ezigbo enyemaka mmekorita - Macedonia.

Nke anọ, ọ bụ, n'ezie, onye amamihe nke Roman agha akwụkwọ, nke n'oge agha ka enwetara a akụ na ụba nke ahụmahụ. Otú ọ dị, ka Rome, a agha aghọwo ihe gbakee, na-etinye na brink nke lanarị Roman Republic. Ihe mere maka mmeri nke Carthage na Nke abụọ Punic War nwere ike ka na-N'eziokwu, kama ha niile ga-eso ndị a 4 isi na-eduga na-emeri nke otu ike-agha nile nke ụwa oge ochie.

N'adịghị ka Second si First Punic War

Agha abụọ ndị kpamkpam dị iche iche, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere a yiri aha. Nke mbụ bụ ike ike na abụọ, ọ e mepụtara ka a n'ihi nke ndorondoro n'etiti ndị Rom na Carthage maka onwunwe nke a ọgaranya n'àgwàetiti Sicily. Nke abụọ bụ ike ike naanị site Carthage, ndị agha Rom na-rụrụ ozi nke ntọhapụ.

Ịkpata mbụ na nke abụọ Agha - a mmeri nke Rome, a nnukwu onyinye machibidoro Carthage, mwube ókè. Mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke abụọ Punic War, ndị na-akpata, na ya pụta na akụkọ ihe mere pụtara bụ ike overestimate, Carthage kpamkpam machibidoro nwere a nsoro. Ọ kwụsịrị niile esenidụt onwunwe, ọ amanye oké ọnụ ụtụ isi ruo afọ 50. Ke adianade do, ọ na-apụghị-alụ agha na-enweghị nkwenye nke Rome.

Nke abụọ Punic War nwere ike ịgbanwe N'ezie nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ọchịagha na ndị isi nke ndị agha Hannibal nke Carthage nwere ọtụtụ support n'ime obodo. O nwere ike merie n'elu Rome. Dị ka ihe niile a na-aga, dị ka a N'ihi nke agha Cannae Rome nwere a nnukwu agha ike iguzogide Carthage, Hannibal, ma mgbe dị agha ga-enwe ike weghara a mma-e wusiri ike Rome. Ọ nọ na-echere nkwado si Africa na nsogbu nke Italian obodo megide Rome, ma ndị mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ, ọ na-echere ...