The State hermitage Museum. Hermitage (St. Petersburg): a collection of eserese

Gịnị ebe ọtụtụ ugboro ugboro gara njem na, o rutere na St. Petersburg? Hermitage, Kunstkamera na ugbo agha "Aurora".

The hermitage bụ ihe pụrụ iche?

Ọ bụ ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa art na omenala-akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe ngosi nka. Ọ na-ọma mara na ewu ewu dị ka Louvre, na British Museum na Metropolitan Museum. The State hermitage esetịpụ 3 nde ngosi, gụnyere eserese naanị, e nwere 15 puku. Ọ na-eme atụmatụ na ọ bụrụ na e nyere onye ọ bụla ihe na ihe ngosi nka na 1 nkeji, mgbe ahụ, iji hụ ihe niile na ịnakọta nke hermitage mkpa ... 8 afọ! Na na ọ bụ naanị na-adịgide adịgide ngosi, ma nwa oge ngosi. Hermitage nwekwara ahazi a iri na abuo nke a kwa ọnwa. Na niile korido ogologo bụ 20 km. Ma isi ihe na nke a ngosi nka abụghị na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adịghị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke echekwara akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe, na eziokwu na e nwere ọtụtụ mbụ masterpieces nke ụwa eserese na ndị ọzọ art iche-iche.

Ebee ka ọ bụ?

Location Museum - na Obí mkpọda. The State hermitage - a mgbagwoju nke ise ụlọ (na Winter Obí, na New hermitage, Grand hermitage, na Obere hermitage na hermitage Ụlọ ihe nkiri). Isi n'ọnụ ụzọ na-emi odude na Obí Square, 2.

Ịtọ oge

The State hermitage na-adị njikere ọbịa si Tuesday ka Sunday, na-amalite na 10,30. Ọgwụgwụ nke na-arụ ọrụ - 18,00, ma na Wednesday - 21,00. Day anya - Monday. Ma dee: ego stop ere tiketi otu awa tupu emechi. Ọ dị mma ka atụmatụ a ibugo onu site na hermitage na awa tupu nri ehihie na na weekdays - ole na ole ndị mmadụ. Ma n'elu izu ụka mgbe ụfọdụ dị mkpa ka ị na-eguzo akara dị ka otu awa.

tiketi ahịa

Tiketi na hermitage bụ dịtụ ọnụ. N'ihi na ụmụ amaala nke Russia na price ga-100 rubles, pensioners, ụmụ akwụkwọ na ụmụ -. Free. Ndị mba ọzọ ga-akwụ ụgwọ 350 rubles. Ma ọ bụla mbụ Thursday nke ọnwa - free ụbọchị maka onye ọ bụla.

History nke e kere eke

Na 1764 Catherine Ukwu zụrụ 225 osise si collection nke German ahịa Yohanna Gotskovskogo. Nke a collection e mere maka King Frederick II of Prussia, ma n'ihi nsogbu ego, ọ na-apụghị-agbara ya. Uchu ahịa enyewo ime Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, na o kwetara na-enweghị oge, iji na-egosi anya n'ihu a German edidem. Ebe ọ bụ na Gotskovsky enweghị ihe ọmụma miri emi na ubi nke art, collection-agụnye ihe osise kama mediocre (tụnyere ndị na mgbe e mesịrị). Ndị a bụ ndị tumadi ọrụ aka nke onye Dutch na Flemish nna ukwu, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ ọrụ site Italian nka nke Asaa narị afọ. Ma n'etiti ha bụ ngwaahịa nke Khalsa na mgbidi.

Nke a afọ (1764 nke), na a na-ewere afọ nke ntọala nke hermitage, ọ bụ ezie na ihe ngosi nka nke oge a uche nke okwu adịghị. Mgbe afọ ise gasịrị, nnweta bụ dị ka ndị a: 600 osise si onwe collection of agụ von Bruhl. E nwere ndị bara uru ngosi: "Ihe Osise nke Old Man na Red" Rembrandt, "Perseus na Andromeda" by Rubens na ndị ọzọ.

Ọzọ 400 osise zụtara site na French mkpoko Pierre Crozat. N'ihi ya na St. Petersburg bụ "Holy Family" site Raphael, "Judith" by Giorgione, "Danae" Titian si "Portrait nke Infanta Isabella odibo" Rubens, "Self-Eserese" by Van Dyck.

Iji Catherine si n'ịchụ masterpieces nke ụwa art na akpa ebe bụ a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ogbugbu na-egosi na Russian Alaeze Ukwu - na mepụtara na-abụghị ogbenye mba na nwere ike imeli otú a okomoko. Na 1774, na ihe onwunwe nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu bụ 2080 foto, ma ekweghị ha. Iji oge a bụ nke na-ama ama okwu nke Catherine na ọ nwee mmasị na ya na òké. Ọ bụ ezie na e mesịrị ohere gallery e meghere, ma site pụrụ iche ikike.

Mgbe e mesịrị hermitage natara onwunwe wepụrụ si mansions nke na ama ndị ọzọ n'obí eze. Museum replenished na nkeonwe collections nke Yusupov, Stroganov, Sheremetev. Ọzọ oru bufee ha ngosi na hermitage.

The collection of eserese

N'ihi ngosi nke hermitage, ọ bụ ike Chọpụta ihe ndị mere ụwa na nkà na-ahụ otú mepụtara nkà nke England, Belgium, Holland, Spain, Italy, France na mba ndị ọzọ. Ihe atụ, na-enwe nzukọ na-anọchi anya na 7000 eserese European nka si Middle Ages na-agwụcha na narị afọ gara aga. E wezụga na-adịgide adịgide ngosi, e nwekwara nwa oge ngosi. Hermitage bụ ịkpachara anya ichebe bara uru omenala nketa nke gara aga, ya mere na ụfọdụ samples-emeghe maka ọha na eze inweta naanị a izu ole na ole nke afọ maka ha ichebe.

Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Western art mma n'usoro na obodo ndabere, ya bụ, na otu anakọtara ọrụ nke ese kpọmkwem mba maka a kpọmkwem oge. Dị ka ihe atụ, a gallery nke Italian sere nke Iri na Atọ-XVIII narị afọ nwere ike ịnya isi nke ndị dị otú masterpieces dị ka "The Annunciation" site Simone Martini, "Madonna Benua" na "Madonna Litta" Leonardo da Vinci si "The Holy Family" site Raphael.

Bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu exposition nke Flemish ezi art Asaa-XVIII narị afọ. Na nganga nke collection - 32 eserese Rubens ( "The Union of Earth na Mmiri", "Bacchus" na nnukwu nnukwu na ji achọ cycles), 24 ọrụ nke ya nwa akwụkwọ Van Dyck ( "Self").

Na gallery nke Spanish sere XV - mmalite nke XVIII narị afọ osise echekwara El Gris ( "The Ndịozi Peter na Paul"), Velazquez ( "nri ụtụtụ"), de Goya ( "Ihe Osise nke Omee Antonia Zarate"). Ọ bụ omume na-edebe mmepe nke Gothic na ezi uche ọchịchọ na karavadzhizma.

Wezuga ọgaranya collection of osise (banyere 1000) site Dutch nka, tinyere n'oge na mbubreyo Rembrandt.

Dị ka ebe nile dị ka hermitage, English sere nyere ma e wezụga na ndị UK onwe ya. Ọtụtụ ndị nwere mmasị na-arụ ọrụ nke ogige Eserese. Otu n'ime ihe ndị ụwa na-ama ihe osise bụ "Ihe Osise nke a Lady na Blue" site Thomas Gainsborough.

Na ngosi ulo nke egosipụta French XV-XVIII narị afọ, ihe ndị kasị mkpa ebe a na-ji site ahịhịa classicist Nikola Pussena. A collection of ọrụ site nkera nke abụọ nke XIX - XX narị afọ a na-ewere otu nke kasị mma n'ụwa. Mgbe ahụ e nwere ndị a ma ama impressionist Monet ( "Lady na Garden", "Waterloo Bridge") na Renoir ( "Girl na a Fan"), na Degas ( "Concorde"). Na nganga nke collection - 38 malite na 31 Matisse - Picasso.

pụta ìhè, nna ukwu nke ndị Berlin na Munich ụlọ akwụkwọ na nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ nke German art. Ọzọkwa dọtara uche nke agha osise ewepụtara ka Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nke 1812 na-arụ ọrụ nke Frederick na Ihunanya style.

Nso nso, na State hermitage zụtara "Black Square" by Malevich. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ama na ọrụ nke Russian nka nke narị afọ gara aga.

Gịnị bụ nkwubi okwu? I nwere ike ịgwa a ogologo oge na banyere ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta, ọkpụkpụ na banyere hermitage. Ma na-agụ banyere masterpieces nke sere nnọọ obere fun karịa inweta a mara mma ji anya. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa na-enweghị oge na-aga na-azụta tiketi ka hermitage maka ezinụlọ ya dum. Ọ ga-abụ ndị a.