Thermoregulation - ya ... thermoregulation na metabolism

Thermoregulation - a usoro na-enye ohere na ndu eme ntule ịnọgide na-enwe a mgbe nile esịtidem gburugburu ebe obibi. Kasị Filiks ahụ mmadụ na-adabere na okpomọkụ: na metabolism, njikọ nke na-edozi na homonụ, mgbaze na cognitive ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, ekpo oke ọkụ ma ọ bụ overcooling nwere ike ime ka ọrịa na ọbụna ọnwụ.

okpomọkụ nso

thermoregulation dị oké mkpa maka nkịtị mmadụ ọrụ. The ahu okpomọkụ nke ndị ahụ siri ike na-emi odude ke a warara nso si 36,0 na 37,0 Celsius. The nkọ ọnụ ma ọ bụ dịkwuo data ụkpụrụ ndị na-emekarị na-egbu egbu.

Na okpomọkụ nke a onye sweats kpamkpam. Loss nke ọmụmụ n'ụzọ a na-eduga ná akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, mgbe ụfọdụ nnọọ oké. Ọnụ na mgbe ịhapụ ahụ vitamin na mineral. N'ihi na nke akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na ọbara na-aghọ thicker, na metabolism. The nkịtị ọnwụ nke mmiri n'oge igba ajirija - elu atọ pasent nke ngụkọta ahu aro. Ọ bụrụ na a bara uru na-karịa isii percent mgbochi emetụta cognitive ọrụ. Ọnwụ nnọọ iri percent. Ke adianade do, e nwere ihe ize ndụ ọzọ. N'oge a ogologo ọnụnọ na anyanwụ ahụ na-echekwa ihe okpomọkụ karịa ka ọ na-enye na gburugburu ebe obibi, na iwu nke thermodynamic ịha nke ahụ mmadụ bụ nwayọọ nwayọọ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ka okpomọkụ na bụ ruo 39-41 degrees Celsius. Nke a gụnyere a okpomọkụ ọrịa strok na ọnwụ nke nsụhọ. The obi usoro na-arụ ọrụ na-eyi: usu quickens, nrụgide adahade, ọbara siri ike na-aga site na arịa.

Hypothermia bụ ọ na-erughị ize ndụ ụmụ mmadụ. Oyi na-atụ ahụ arịa constrict, na-eme anụ ahụ ischemia. Ma ọ bụrụ na n'ebe oyi ruo ogologo oge, ọ bụ omume na ikpochapu nke anụ ma ọ bụ muscle. Low okpomọkụ -emetụta metabolism, nke a rụrụ ọtụtụ ugboro ngwa ngwa, n'ihi na ahụ mkpa ike maka kpo oku.

Core na shei

Conventionally, niile ahụ mmadụ nwere ike kewara abụọ etoju: isi na shei. Kernel (n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ bụ esịtidem akụkụ) nwere a mgbe nile okpomọkụ nke banyere iri atọ na asaa degrees. Nke a na-enweta site itule n'etiti okpomọkụ ọnwụ na okpomọkụ mmepụta. The casing na-ewetakwa ihe a mgbochi n'agbata gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị isi ọkpụrụkpụ nke 2.5 cm Thermoregulation -. N'ọbọ bụ ikike ịnọgide na-enwe a mgbe nile isi okpomọkụ.

The akpụkpọ nke onye ahụ dị mma dị iche iche ebe nwere ike na-ewe iwe si 24 36,6 degrees. The coldest - aka na ndị kacha bụrụ ezigbo ebe - akpa abu. ahu okpomọkụ fluctuations n'oge ụbọchị ruo otu ogo: kasị ala - n'isi-ututu, na elu - isii na mgbede.

Okpomọkụ ọgbọ na okpomọkụ dissipation

Gịnị bụ thermoregulation na otú ọ na nọgidere na-enwe ahụ mmadụ? Iji zaa ajụjụ a bụ bụghị dị ka mfe dị ka o yiri na akpa ilekiri. Anyị ahu nọgidere site okpomọkụ, nke dị n'ụzọ dị ukwuu iwesa maka kpo oku nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke a usoro a na-akpọ okpomọkụ nyefe. Ọ na-usoro site ụjọ usoro, site na ihe ya onwe ha metabolism, obi ọrụ, muscle mkpi, na na. D.

Nọmalị, okpomọkụ mmepụta bụ okpomọkụ nyefe, ya bụ, na e nwere isothermal. Ihe mere ndị dị mfe thermoregulation - ọ na-enyere na-inviolable isi okpomọkụ na iji hụ a ogo nke onwe nke ahụ si mpụga gburugburu ebe obibi. Kwa hour na nwoke Nleta ezuru okpomọkụ na obụpde a liter mmiri. Ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n'ihi na okpomọkụ, ọ bụ ama ụbọchị atọ mgbe a mụrụ ya, anyị niile n'ụzọ nkịtị-esiri n'ime. Ya mere, na Filiks na-enyere ndị mmadụ tufuo ngafe okpomọkụ, bụ oké mkpa.

hardening

Thermoregulation na hardening na-aga aka na aka. The ahu adapts mmetụta nke na-esiwanye ala ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ, e guzobere ọhụrụ usoro ịnọgide na-enwe a mgbe nile isi okpomọkụ.

N'ụlọ, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị kasị ụzọ nke tempering. Ka ihe atụ, sponging jụụ mmiri. The oge mbụ mmiri kwesịrị 30 degrees, wee 28, 26 ya mere, ruo mgbe ọ esịmde 15 degrees Celsius. Mgbe ahụ ego n'anya mee ka oyi na-atụ, ọ bụ ike ịkwaga na rubdowns douche ma ọ bụ ịwụ. Irè ghọtara na ikuku na anyanwụ baths. Ná mmalite, oge nke sessions ekwesịghị gafere 15 nkeji, ma oge pụrụ ịgbanwe oge na-aga ka 60. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-eti na ruo ogologo oge anyanwụ ikpughe pụrụ iduga nsogbu akpụkpọ na cancer.

thermoreceptors

The akpụkpọ na thermoregulation nke ahụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa. Dị ka ndị kasị ibu ngwa nke ahụ mmadụ, ọ na-eme ọtụtụ ọrụ, gụnyere nwere thermoreceptors (Kholodov na okpomọkụ). Ọ maara na nke oyi bụ banyere ugboro iri dị ka ukwuu, ya mere, anyị na-dị nnọọ mwute na ala okpomọkụ. The kasị ibu ụyọkọ nke na-anabata ya dị na ihu, n'olu, obere - na fingertips. Otú ọ dị, uche ha na-enwe inverse hà ikwu na nọmba. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na okpomọkụ ihe nnabata ihe ha ndị fọrọ nke nta ugboro abụọ ka mwute karịa Kholodov.

ụdị thermoregulation

Thermoregulation - bụ a conglomerate nke usoro iji na-ịnọgide na-enwe a mgbe nile ahu okpomọkụ site na okpomọkụ mgbanwe. The usoro nke usoro ihe a nwere ike kọwara site ụkpụrụ nke "nzaghachi". Nke bụ, na mbụ na ihere okpomọkụ dịgasị, ọ na-eme akpụkpọ anabata na-ebunye a mgbaàmà ụbụrụ. Na-ama na e nwere a ụkpụrụ nke okpomọkụ na ya mmetụta.

All nke usoro nke thermoregulation nwere ike kewara abụọ na ụdị:

- nkịtị;

- chemical.

Physical thermoregulation, n'aka nke ya, na-ekewa evaporation, radieshon, convection na teploprovedenie. N'etiti chemical Filiks emit contractile na-ama jijiji thermogenesis.

anụ ahụ thermoregulation

Physical thermoregulation - a collection of Filiks na-enye okpomọkụ mwepụ si ahụ. Iji mee nke a, e nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ nke ọdịdị:

- conduction;

- convection;

- radieshon;

- evaporation.

Ọzọkwa, ahụ nwere ike mezie osisi ike na ogo mgbasa ọbara arịa ke ikpa, nke na-emetụta okpomọkụ ọnwụ. Ọzọ usoro nke okpomọkụ mmepụta - sweating. Ọ bụ kasị dị irè na ikpe nke a na-ekpo ọkụ ihu igwe ma ọ bụ aka wuru ịrị elu ihere okpomọkụ.

Ezumike, na a ala okpomọkụ nke 20 degrees Celsius, na onye na-efunari radieshon site banyere iri isii percent nke okpomọkụ, anwụ na-amịrị na iri abụọ, ndị fọdụrụnụ ịbụ convection na conduction. Na naanị otu awa, anyị na-ejighi ihe a narị calories ma ọ bụ na narị anọ iri na itoolu joules.

Evaporation na ụzarị ọkụ

Evaporation - a ume ntọhapụ n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi mmiri ọnwụ site na akpụkpọ ma ọ bụ mucous membranes. Ma ọ bụghị ya, nke a na-akpọ sweating. Si nkasi obi okpomọkụ (banyere iri abụọ degrees Celsius), ndị mmadụ ọ bụla hour ariri banyere 36 grams nke mmiri mmiri. Na elu okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ, nke a akụrụngwa mgbe ụfọdụ enwekwu abụọ lita kwa awa.

Ọ bụrụ na ikuku bụ akọrọ, na okpomọkụ na- agafere onye dịtụ ọma, n'ihi na ọ bụ mee ka ndị evaporation nke ajirija. Otú ọ dị, iru mmiri climates, ọbụna iri atọ na ogo okpomọkụ nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ.

Radieshon - ụzọ nke nloghachi nke okpomọkụ site akpa radieshon. Man ọchị okpomọkụ si oge, dị ka ihere okpomọkụ tụlee n'okpuru ahu okpomọkụ, ya bụ, ihe fọrọ nke nta mgbe niile. Iji gbochie okpomọkụ ọnwụ na oyi na-atụ na-agba ọsọ oge, ọ dị mkpa na-ahapụ kacha nta ego nke gụrụ anụ. Uwe nwere ike kwụsịtụ radieshon na ibelata ego nke okpomọkụ, ma kpamkpam kwụsị ya enweghị ike.

Ọbụna ọnọdụ nke ahụ bụ idem ke thermoregulation. Mgbe anụmanụ ma ọ bụ mmadụ bụ oyi, ọ na-agba mbọ otu (curl) na dị ka obere ka a ahu n'elu nwere ike kpọtụụrụ na mpụga na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ, ndị mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ na-agbalị na-emeghe, dịkwuo ebe anụ radieshon.

Conduction na convection

Conduction na-adị mgbe a onye na-abịa n'ime kọntaktị na ndị ọzọ ozu. Ọ na-adabere na kọntaktị oge, na square ihe na thermal conductivity nke ihe onwunwe.

Ghara nweta oké oyi ma ọ bụ na-arịa ọrịa, ị ga-rube isi na isi na iwu:

- anaghị-anọdụ ala na oyi na-atụ nkume;

- oyi na-agaghị Agbaghara ya iferi aka metal akpọkwa;

- site na okike adịghị anọdụ ala na iferi ala, na e nwere mgbe ihe na-itiba (ehi ụra akpa, ute, uwe);

- adighi-eje ije dị mmiri uwe oyi.

Convection - a di omimi usoro okpomọkụ ọnwụ nke a rụrụ site na-akpụ akpụ mmiri ahụ ma ọ bụ ikuku, dị ikuku eruba na-emepụta ma ọ bụ onye ofufe. Ọ bụrụ na ị na nanị, ahụ, na-atọhapụ okpomọkụ, heats ikuku na-esote na akpụkpọ. Ọ na-aghọ Mkpa ọkụ ka oyi na-atụ, na adahade n'elu, na n'ebe-ya-e site a ọhụrụ ibe. Mgbe anyị na-achọta onwe anyị ifufe ma ọ bụ ngwa ngwa na-akpụ akpụ ikuku gburugburu anyị na-akpalikwa ngwa ngwa, ya mere, okpomọkụ anaghị anọ nso akpụkpọ maka a ogologo oge.

Chemical thermoregulation

Thermoregulation na metabolism - na anya yiri echiche. The chemical usoro a dị nnọọ dabeere na mgbanwe ke osisi ike nke usoro nke ọxịdashọn na muscle vibration. The ike maka kpo oku ahụ a na-akwadebe site hydrolysis nke ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Ọ dị mkpa iji tọghata mgbagwoju n'ime mfe ogige. The okpomọkụ nke na-wepụtara mgbe a na-agamevu na gburugburu uwa. Nke a jijiji thermogenesis.

Dabere na ihere okpomọkụ metabolism nwere ike ịrụpụta ma ọ bụ decelerated ịnọgide na-enwe mgbe nile na isi. Kasị ala onye na-ele na 18-20 degrees Celsius. Ma, ọ bụ maka ikuku. Mmiri bụ ike nduzi nke okpomọkụ, otú ahụ ka okpomọkụ ga-adị elu. Kasị nke okpomọkụ na-emepụta na uru n'oge aerobic glycolysis. Ya mere mgbe anyị na-oyi, ahụ na-amalite imajijiji ntọt okpomọkụ mmepụta. A na ọnọdụ a na-akpọ contractile thermogenesis.

regulators management

Thermoregulation ụbụrụ na-aga otu ụzọ dị ka ndị ọzọ nke ahụ, na ihe dị iche na ebe a bụ etiti na dum usoro na njikwa. The hypothalamus bụ etiti thermoregulation, ịhazi ọsọ nke metabolism, muscle mkpi, na ụda arịa na akpụkpọ.

Mmetuta akwara sel nke akụkụ ụbụrụ nwere ike ịmata ihe dị iche vibrations ruo hundredths ma ọ bụ thousandths nke a ogo. Ha nyochaa na-abata data na nzaghachi ụkpụrụ mezie esịtidem okpomọkụ site mwube ya dabere na mpụga ọnọdụ.

The edonụ nke hypothalamus bụ thyroid na adrenal glands. The mbụ emetụta metabolic ọnụego, na nke abụọ - na vaskụla ụda ma oxidative Filiks muscle. Iji neurotransmitters na homonụ, hypothalamus eji ala nke organism dị na ọnọdụ.