Ụgbọelu Myasishcheva: Projects ugbo elu

Aha nke pụtara ìhè Soviet ụgbọelu mmebe Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishcheva wee maara ke ufọt ufọt sixties nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Ọ bụ n'oge a na oge nke ya ụgbọ elu na-akpa gosiri ọha na eze.

VM Myasischev gafere niile nkebi nke ugbo elu mmepe. Ya na-arụ ọrụ ọrụ ọ malitere dị ka a draftsman mfe, na-emecha ya isi mmebe.

Myasishcheva ụgbọ elu (photos nwere ike hụrụ na isiokwu a) e nnọọ mkpa nke USSR.

Nke a bụ n'ihi na biakwa obibia nke ngwá agha nuklia. Idobe bọmbụ nuklia na Japan, na United States agwawo ụwa banyere mmalite nke ọhụrụ nuclear oge na-ekwu ya ka elu. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọdịdị nke ngwá agha nuklia na Soviet Union tupu na-edu ndú nke mba nwetara otu ajụjụ dị mkpa banyere ekwe omume nke na-anapụta bọmbụ nuklia na ókèala a nwere onye iro. Iji nagide nsogbu a, nyeere mepụtara na na USSR ugbo elu Myasishcheva.

The nzukọ mbụ na ụgbọelu

Myasischev Vladimir Mihaylovich mụrụ 28/09/1902, na Efremov obodo, emi odude ke n'ógbè Tula. Dị ka a nwa, ọ bụ a nkịtị nwa-ewu, na-egosi ihe ọ bụla nwere mmasị na Usoro. Na 11 afọ, Vladimir debara aha na mpaghara oru akwụkwọ, ebe ọ na-amụ ihe omume a mgbakọ na mwepụ kpebisiri.

N'oge Civil War na Yefremov ọ kwụsịrị detachment nke agha ụgbọelu na ụzọ ha na Southern Front. Vladimir, onye hụrụ tupu na ugbo elu naanị na magazine foto, pụrụ tụlee "nchara nnụnụ 'n'onwe na ọbụna nwere ohere na-emetụ ha. Mgbe e mesịrị ihe a merenụ Myasischev kọwara na ya memoirs. O kwuru na-enwe nzukọ na ugbo elu mere ndị dị otú ahụ agaghị echefu ya na ọ gaghị agara dum akara aka.

studentship

Московского Высшего Технического училища . Na 1920, Vladimir Myasischev wee Moscow ma banye n'ibu ngalaba nke Moscow Higher ụzụ School. Ọ jikọtara ya ọmụmụ ọrụ draftsman na Sci-pilot Air Force airfield. N'ebe a, o mbụ gbalịrị aka ya ọrụ nke mmebe. Ahụmahụ na ugbo elu imewe, nwetara ọrụ a, Vladimir uru na ya ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọrụ.

Tesis ngo Myasishcheva metụrụ isiokwu nke ihe niile na-metal fighter. Nke a bụ ihe o kwuru na ya imewe ọrụ na-adịghị aku na niile. N'afọ ndị na Soviet Union na ọ bụ naanị otu onye na ihe niile na-metal ugbo elu ndanda-3, bụ brainchild of A. N. Tupoleva. Nke a na-emesi ya ọhụrụ na mgbagwoju anya nke họọrọ isiokwu Myasishchev. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị nke a, ya ubre Vladimir gbachiteere ọma.

Malite nke ọrụ

Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ Myasischev ghọrọ onye òtù nke Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute. Ya ozugbo nlekọta na TsAGI bụ Vladimir Petlyakov, isi nke nku ngalaba. принимал самое активное участие во многих работах. Ebe a Vladimir were ifịk akụkụ ọtụtụ ọrụ. ТБ 1 и ТБ 3 , а также проектировал для этих самолетов бомбовые отсеки. Ọ mepụtara nku atụ bọmbụ TB ụdị 1 na 3 TB, na-e n'ihi na ndị a ugbo elu bọmbụ n'ọnụ mmiri. Na na oge a Myasischev ike igosi na ya dị ka a nnọọ nkà mmebe, na ijikọta ọrụ e kenyere ya na nnyocha.

The ọhụrụ enye

Young mmebe nwere mmasị na-arụ ọrụ nke AN Tupolev. Famous ugbo elu nyere arụsi ọrụ ike ma nwee nkà Myasishcheva management ngalaba nke ibuo ugbo elu. , Владимир Михайлович получил задание спроектировать торпедоносец. N'ịbụ nke a na ọnọdụ, Vladimir e nyere ọrụ chepụta a torpedo. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na ugbo elu Myasishcheva. Torpedo, nke nwere ụfọdụ nke kere ihe ngwọta, e ọma na-anwale. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ nke onye nke ụgbọ elu ụgbọelu jiri. Na nke a ịdị adị nke torpedo ya e dechara.

agbaziri ahụmahụ

века советские конструкторы не могли предложить стране надежные самолеты. Na 30s nke narị afọ nke 20, Soviet na-emepụta na-enweghị ike na-enye ndị obodo a pụrụ ịdabere na ugbo elu. самолет DC 3 в Америке. Mgbe ndị ọchịchị Soviet kpebiri ịzụta ihe elu njem ugbo elu DC 3 na America. Ya imewe ike ga-eji ụzọ abụọ - njem na iga. VM Myasischev banyere ọrụ na-ụgbọelu, na mgbe ọ na e kenyere na-amụ ugbo elu Eserese na translation inch ka metric. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị na a bịa ná njedebe.

tụọ ya mkpọrọ afọ

тюрьмой. Na 1938 Myasischev e jidere na enịm ke a mechiri emechi imewe ụlọ ọrụ, a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. этого места – ЦКБ 29 НКВД . The ukara aha ebe a - 29 CKB NKVD. Nke a Bureau jidere ugbo elu-emepụta na-arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke ugbo elu. Myasischev rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe a n'okpuru kpọmkwem elekọta Petlyakova. Rụọ fighter - e nyere ọrụ n'ihu ha.

Ka ihe ndị a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ọnọdụ, nke abụọ ụgbọelu Myasishcheva e kere - a elu-elu ogologo nso otu bombu. Oru ngo-a hụrụ ndị ọchịchị, nke kwere ka Vladimir Mikhailovich gawa ya imewe ụlọ ọrụ. Na ugbua na 1938, m hụrụ ìhè nke a ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ ngo. Ọ bụ a ụgbọelu Myasishcheva - a anya elu-elu otu bombu DVB-102. New a ugbo elu nwere a ole na ole ebe:

- pressurized ulo, nke ụgbọelu na-chọpụtara 4;

- isii mita elu bọmbụ n'ọnụ mmiri;

- egbe, nke management nwere ike mere remotely.

Na 1940, nke 29 nke CDB NKVD Myasischev e bufere Omsk enweghị nwere ikike ịhapụ. The obodo wee na ugbo elu imewe fad-102. The mbụ igwe nke a nlereanya e wuru dị ka n'oge dị 1941, na-egosi ezi ọsọ na elu n'oge ule. Naa na-atụ anya bụ naanị na nso otu bombu ụgbọ elu, n'ihi na nke na ya Oghere Usoro mmepụta bụghị emejuputa atumatu. Otú ọ dị, Government kwuru mmebe ọrụ site awarding ya na State Nrite.

Ozugbo a ụgbọelu okuku gburu VM Petlyakov, Myasischev ha wee ikpe n'ihi ihe e kere eke nke a amaba otu bombu. N'oge agha afọ na Kazan factory, ebe mmebe na-arụ ọrụ na ha na-emepụta KB, e wepụtara iri mgbanwe nke ugbo elu.

The agha afọ

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ha na-amị mkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ Myasischev e ọdịda nke Order of Suvorov na ẹkenịmde n'usoro nke isi n'ozuzu, ya Bureau e disbanded 1946. Vladimir Mikhailovich malitere na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a onyeisi, na-eduga na Aircraft Department nke Moscow Aviation Institute. курс «Конструкция и проектирование самолетов ». Ebe ọ na-agụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nke N'ezie "The ewu na imewe nke ugbo elu."

Ọrụ afọ na mai Myasischev raara nye ọzụzụ na-eto eto ndị injinia. Ebe ọ nọgidere na-arụ na-ewu ugbo elu. Ya atụmatụ bụ chepụta ogologo nso ugboelu usoro otu bombu. Maka ọrụ ya, ọ dọtara ụmụ akwụkwọ site na àjà ha ndị dị mkpa isiokwu coursework na dissertations. Ihe oru ngo-a mma site Ministry of Aviation Mmeputa. Myasishcheva nyere ọzọ aghọ isi nke ha onwe ha size.

Ịmepụta usoro atụ bọmbụ

New myasishchev malitere ya adị na 1951, Vladimir Mikhailovich ozugbo nwetaghachiri niile ndị na-emepụta ya na onye m na-arụ ọrụ na aga na afọ. Nrubeisi KB e nyere ugbo elu osisi nọmba 22. noo nke mmepụta nọ Fili.

Myasishchev ugbo elu mepụtara na fundamentally echiche ọhụrụ. Ha na-eche na aerodynamics ma wuo ugbo elu. Ya mere, na ndị a ụgbọ elu na-enye "ịnyịnya ígwè" ọdịda gia. Ha bụ ndị abụọ bụ isi ogbe na fuselage na abụọ obere racks na nsọtu nke nku. N'ihe na-erughị otu afọ nke Bureau na osisi e zigara banyere 55,000 drawings.

Test usoro otu bombu

Ọ bụ kwuru na a designation na-natara site niile mgbe agha Myasishcheva ụgbọelu, - "M". Onye mbụ e mere na 1952. Na October, na O were ya mbụ ala ule na ọdụ ha. Zhukovsky. The nanị isi drawback nke ugbo elu, nke e guzobere na ndekọ oge (na 22 ọnwa), bụ a ịrịba mmanụ ụgbọala oriri. Otú ọ dị, ebe ebe a bụ ya engine, nke e mere CB A. A. Mikulina.

The mbụ Soviet usoro ugboelu bombu mbụ ama nke elu-igwe, na 20/01/1953, mfe mebiri efep runway. Ndị a ugbo elu na-aha ya bụ myasishchev M 4. The ụgbọelu na-ama ha, kwuru na ala nke piloting na ugbo elu - ala nke iji.

rụọ nlereanya

N'agbanyeghị ezi reviews, VM Myasischev akwụsịghị n'ebe ahụ. Ọ nọgidere na mma M 4. nanị ọnwa abụọ, engineer ya Bureau mepụtara ma nyefee osisi n'ihi na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ asaa na Eserese, ada ọnụ a ọhụrụ mgbanwe nke otu bombu. Ọ bụ a ụgbọelu Myasishcheva M 3 ọhụrụ otu bombu ule mere na opupu ihe ubi nke 1956 na airfield na Zhukovsky. Ma na ikuku e nwere nsogbu na management nke, na jụrụ otu n'ime engines. Otú ọ dị, ule pilot M. L. epeepe ike n'ala a ụgbọelu m3 Myasishcheva na runway. Na ala, nsogbu nile na-ngwa ngwa hụrụ na-tutu amama.

Mgbe ahụ, ụgbọelu m3 Myasishcheva (ịhụ n'okpuru foto) e nyefeela ya n'aka usoro mmepụta. Nke a ugbo elu mma aerodynamics na bụ isi otu bombu na USSR.

Ụgbọ elu ahụ M 4 A gbanwere ke imewe nke ugbo elu na-eje ozi site refueling dum iga anya ụgbọelu.

N'out oge na-arụ ọrụ na mgbanwe na mma nke na-ama ẹdude atụ bọmbụ, oru metụtara mmepe nke usoro ụgbọelu. Ọ bụ ihe nlereanya ụgbọelu 31 Myasishcheva, nakwa dị ka 32 na 34.

Mgbanwe 31 na 31 na-otu bombu enwe transonic ụgbọ elu na-agba. Model 32 bụ supersonic. M ụgbọelu 34 nwere kasị elu ụgbọ elu e ji mara. Ya kacha ekwe omume ọsọ nke ụgbọ elu - 1350 kilomita kwa awa.

All ọmụmụ rụrụ na ndị a ngo, ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka ọrụ dị ịrịba ama myasishchev ịzụlite a supersonic agha "Buran-40".

njem iga

N'out oge na e kere eke nke agha atụ bọmbụ KB VM Myasishcheva aku na-emepe emepe udo ugbo elu. N'ụzọ dị mwute, njem ugbo elu oru ngo imewe ụlọ ọrụ na-enweta n'ihu mmepe.

The ụgbọelu 50 M

Ọzọkwa, ndị ọchịchị Soviet nyere Vladimir Mikhailovich ọrụ ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ a ụgbọelu Myasishcheva M 50, bụ onye ghọrọ a supersonic usoro otu bombu. Tupu oge a ụdị ihe ahụ na-adịghị ọbụna na atumatu olu na ụwa ụgbọelu.

Ụgbọelu M 50 ama elu ogo akpaaka nke management, nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndi oru ugbo abụọ. Na na na ike nke otu bombu tụgharịa si nnọọ nke ọma. The naanị-adịghị ike ntụpọ ọ bụ engine. N'oge ahụ na USSR, a akụkụ dị mkpa nke ugbo elu enweghi ezu ike, pụrụ ịdabere na ogologo ndụ. Ke adianade do, ihe niile engines arụpụtara na mba nọrọ ukwuu mmanụ ụgbọala. Enweghi m ike ịchọta a kwesịrị ekwesị unit na ugbo elu Myasischev, na ya ụgbọ elu m 50 enwebeghị ike iru supersonic ọsọ. Nke a bụ isi ihe mere maka elu imewe nke Vladimir Mikhailovich emechi. Ụgbọelu M 50 e ji mee ihe maka ibuo nzube. Ọ nwetara ụdị nile nke innovations. Oge ikpeazụ M 50 anya na a agha Nme na Tushino. Ozugbo na ụgbọ elu e nyefeela na Monino ngosi nka nke obodo.

Ọzọ pụrụ iche oru ngo bụ myasishchev supersonic bombu M 52. Otú ọ dị, dị ka na aga na ikpe, a ụgbọelu e ahụghị mkpa maka ya engine arụmọrụ. Nke elu-igwe na otu bombu na-esi elu.

Manual pilot osisi

Na 1967, Vladimir Mikhailovich nọ na-echere a ọrụ ọhụrụ. Ọ mma na post of Chief nke ibuo igwe-ụlọ osisi, mmepụta ike na-emi odude ke obio Zhukovsky. E na-agba ọsọ a obere CB nke Myasischev reassembles imewe otu. этого Владимир Михайлович взялся за разработку стратегического сверхзвукового многорежимного бомбардировщика. Nanị mgbe na Vladimir wee na mmepe nke a ụzọ multi-mode supersonic otu bombu. Ke ukem ya CB yiri ihe aga-eme na-rụrụ site iche iche nke PO Sukhoi na A. N. Tupoleva.

Myasishchev e obụp mi fundamentally ọhụrụ nku circuit enwe a agbanwe zaa. Na mbụ, e nwere ndị dị otú ahụ a haziri ngwọta na ụgbọ elu P. O. Suhova na American ụdị. Otú ọ dị, ihe niile gara aga nsụgharị nwere a nnọọ obere deflectable òkè nke nku. Ngo nwekwara V. M. Myasischeva karịrị ndị ọzọ niile. Nke a imewe ngwọta e ji A. N. Tupolevym. Mgbe a nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma bụ na e mere Myasischev. самолета Владимира Михайловича . The Tu-160 E mechara fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam wuru na ndabere nke Vladimir Mikhailovich ugbo elu.

BEMZ edu Myasishcheva ka e wee wuru ugbo elu ibibi balloons na na-na stratosphere. , способный развивать скорость до семисот километров в час , поднимаясь на высоту до двадцати двух тысяч метров. Ọ bụ a ụgbọelu M 17, ike nke na gbapụrụ ọsọ ruo narị asaa kilomita kwa hour, na-ebili ka a elu nke iri abụọ na abụọ puku mita.

Ihe bara oké uru onyinye mmepe nke ụgbọelu

Vladimir Mihaylovich Myasischev gara lekwasịrị naanị unbeaten tracks. A onye na-akparaghị ókè obi ike nke injinịa na technical onyinye nke amuma, nwere nnukwu nzukọ nkà, na-eru ya ọhụrụ ngwọta dum otu KB.

Azịza nke ajụjụ banyere ihe tụọ onyinye nke mmebe na ụgbọelu akụkọ ihe mere eme, ị nwere ike nweta mgbe na-ekiri ihe nkiri "Myasischev, ọtụtụ ugbo elu na ihe niile dị ndụ" (2010).

Onye ọ bụla n'ime ọrụ nke Vladimir Mikhailovich bụ n'ezie itunanya n'ọdịnihu. Na, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke oru ngo ruo ọgwụgwụ e me nanị ole na ole, onye ọ bụla ụgbọelu Myasishcheva banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke anyị ụgbọelu.

Vladimir nwụrụ 14/10/1978, na fọrọ nke nta ka a ọnwa mgbe ya semidesyatishestiletiya. Ihe karịrị ọkara a afọ Myasischev ụgbọelu. N'ime afọ ọ e akọ ọtụtụ kwesịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha, na taa na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ụgbọelu.

Creative ọrụ nke Vladimir Mikhailovich bu ihe atu maka novice emepụta, ma ya obibia na-edu ndú nwere ike ije ozi dị ka ihe nlereanya ka ndị taa isi oche nke nnyocha na mmepe na otu.