Galvanic mkpuchi. Electroplating Technology. Electroplating

Galvanic mkpuchi bụ a mkpuchi usoro nke metal na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ n'aka electrolysis. Nke a na usoro a rụrụ iji ot imikpu ụzọ. Mgbe nke a preconditioning sekit mbadamba na-kwajuru n'ime ndị plating saa, nke bụ a capacitance nke ihe insulator nke jupụtara na electrolyte na-nyere na anodes (ha nwere ike ịbụ soluble na unyi anaghị agbasa) na a ngwaọrụ n'ihi na okpomọkụ na-akpali ngwọta.

nhazi ụgwọ

Nnyefe nke DC na-eduga ná eziokwu ahụ bụ na ekwuchi echebe nkpuchi na ejikọrọ na electrode òkè nke osisi na-ekpuchi a oyi akwa nke nickel ma ọ bụ gold ụfọdụ ọkpụrụkpụ. Proper n'ọnọdu nke anodes ana achi achi na mkpuchi ọkpụrụkpụ bụ mkpokọta edo.

PCB gold plating na-emekarị rụrụ iji a abụọ-nzọụkwụ usoro. Mbụ, ha na-mikpuru na saa, agaghi asu nickel etinyere site electroplating. Nke a na-eji a elu ugbu a njupụta, adịru ihe acidic ngwọta nke a nickel oyi akwa a edebe, a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 0.05-0.1 microns. A ana achi achi ike adhesion nke nickel na ọla kọpa, nke na-ebelata ihe porosity nke mkpuchi na-iji gbochie penetration nke ọla kọpa n'ime gold oyi akwa. Mgbe ịsa, isiokwu na-na-akpụ akpụ na a gilding bath ebe ike ka nke gold oyi akwa ka 0,5 m si electrolyte.

Electroplating na mma

Ọbụna n'oge ochie, e nwere a mma nke nkà metal. Modern mmepụta na-egosi na inye ụfọdụ kpọmkwem Njirimara nke metal n'elu ọgwụgwọ galvanic-eji. Echebe coatings nke nējide onwe-ọla nwere ike inweta site ọdịda nke ọla si brines n'okpuru nduzi nke ihe eletrik. Ndị a coatings bụ mee ka nnọọ ogologo oge ịnọgide na-enwe na agba na luster nke ọla. Bụghị nanị na ha gbochie agbawanye ọchịchịrị nke na ngwaahịa, ma na-enwe ihe ndị magburu onwe polishing mmetụta. Ka ihe atụ, plating na ọlaedo ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha na-enye ohere ka na-adịgide adịgide chebe agba na luster nke ọla.

E nwere ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche ọdịiche nke usoro a, ọ bụla nke na-agụnye iji a metal:

- chrome;

- ọla kọpa plating;

- zinc;

- nickel;

- a tin-bismuth mkpuchi;

- chemical ọxịdashọn;

- chemical passivation;

- Anodizing;

- electropolishing.

chromium-plating

Nke a saturation asị ibe chromium ígwè n'elu ma ọ bụ depositing na akụkụ nke oyi akwa ihe ọmụma si na ihe electrolyte n'okpuru edinam nke eletrik. Na nke a, electroplating na-lekwasịrị anya corrosion nchedo na-eji ihe ịchọ mma ma ọ bụ na-amụba ogo elu ekweghị ekwe. Plating na ndị ụlọ ọrụ na ike ga-eji ihe ịchọ mma. Na nke a, ebumnobi bụ isi nke usoro - netinye a dara n'elu luster nke mara mma ikpọ. Ihe n'ihu ngwa nke chromium na-egbu maramara.

mkpuchi Njirimara

Ike chrome plating e ji okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, elu wear eguzogide, ogbenye wettability, ala esemokwu, na ala plasticity. Ọzọkwa, elu elu na-enweta ndị dị otú ahụ Njirimara dị ka kwụsie ike na okwu nke na esemokwu, ikike iji nagide ibu nkesa, nakwa dị ka ọghọm metụtara na mbibi mfe lekwasị n'okpuru ujo ibu. Plating chromium na ụdị nke mmiri ara ehi nwere a ala ruo n'ókè nke ekweghị ekwe na-eyi ndị na-eguzogide, ala porosity. The n'elu na-echebe site na corrosion mgbe nọgide na-enwe ihe mara mma ji achọ anya.

The ojiji nke chrome plating ụlọ ọrụ

Isi nzube nke na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ, a na-enye nkọwa ndị dị otú Njirimara, dị ka ụba anwụ ngwa ngwa, mụbara iguzogide corrosion ma belata esemokwu. Site na nke a usoro, na ígwè na-esiwanye ike, ndị gas na-adịghị doro corrosion na-adịghị ebibi mmiri na ndị nkịtị mmiri, nitric acid. Galvanic mkpuchi nke ụdị na-eduga ná eziokwu na n'elu ntụpọ na-ịrịba nanị n'ihi ihe a chọrọ iji mee ihe ọzọ nhazi, ebe ọ bụ na nke a dịghị itinye n'ọnọdụ mmetụta.

copperplating

Iji ọla kọpa coatings mkpa na ndị ahụ mgbe ọ na-achọrọ dịkwuo ọkụ conductivity, nakwa dị ka ha na-eme dị ka onye n'etiti oyi akwa na nchara ngwaahịa tupu ọ na-edebe chrome, nickel ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ mkpuchi. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ omume na-enye mma adhesion, na welie na-echebe ike. Ọla kọpa plating na-n'ozuzu bụghị ji dị ka a dị iche iche ma ọ bụ ji achọ. N'ihi na-arụsi ọrụ ike metal bụ ike nke na-egbochi guzobe ole na ole, ngwaahịa nwere ike ji mee ihe na mmanụ na gas ụlọ ọrụ.

The ojiji nke ọla kọpa plating

Usoro a na-eji maka mkpuchi nke ọla kọpa na ígwè ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ a ígwè waya. Ọtụtụ mgbe, nke a na ụdị mkpuchi na-eji na-echebe ebe ígwè ngwaahịa si ciment na esichara n'otu oge gụrụ ndị ebe nke na-atụ anya n'ihu nhazi site ịcha.

Electroplating metal mkpuchi na nke a na-eji na mmanụ na gas ụlọ ọrụ iji gbochie guzobe ole na ole, na electric ubi maka ụdi deposition nke multilayer coatings mere maka nchebe na mma, na mmepụta nke e biri ebi sekit mbadamba, iji melite soldering, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. N'elu na-akawanye na agba site na ìhè pink ọchịchịrị red. The shades na-na-na-etozu.

galvanizing

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ụzọ maka nchedo nke metal ngwaahịa na-galvanizing. Na-emekarị ọ na-eji maka ọgwụgwọ nke a dịgasị iche iche nke alloy ma ọ bụ carbon ígwè akara ule. Electroplating nke ụdị bụ zuru ezu ina maka nchedo nke isiokwu mere nke waya na fasteners. Inweta na a ooh na gburugburu ebe obibi, na elu nke zinc eje ozi dị ka anode, si otú ibelata ọxịdashọn mmeghachi omume, na ndị nne na nna metal mgbe anata nchedo site oghom gburugburu ebe obibi ihe.

Electroplating nke ụdị nwere ike na-eji mgbe metal ngwaahịa-esichara na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche. Iji mee otú ahụ, ikpochapụ ha si nchara, ọnụ ọgụgụ, ngwaike obi jụrụ mmanu ngwa. Mgbe usoro nke galvanizing zuru ezu, ngwaahịa ga-akwagide na nkọwa, i.e. ọ na-etched na a na-adịghị ike ngwọta nke nitric acid, sochiri passivation. Ya mere ọ bụghị naanị na o kwere omume na-amụba na-eguzogide nke galvanized na ngwaahịa na-adịghị mma na ihe, ma na-eme ka ha ọzọ ji achọ, ya bụ, tinye na-enwu na a ụfọdụ hue. Electroplating Technology na nke a na-agụnye zinc oyi akwa ọkpụrụkpụ nke 6 microns 1.5 mm.

nickel-plating

Nchedo nke metal ngwaahịa nwere ike na-arụ n'ụwa iji a dịgasị iche iche nke teknụzụ. Otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu na-emekarị ugbu a bụ nickel. Ama otú ahụ bụ n'ihi na chemical Njirimara nke nickel. Ọ nwere a elu ogo nke iguzogide corrosion na otu okenye na-ajụ, na nickel oxide egbochi n'ihu ọxịdashọn nke metal. Ke adianade do, nickel-agụghị oké amenable ka salts, asịd na alkalis, na wezụga nke nitric acid. Dị ka ihe atụ, a plating ọkpụrụkpụ nke 0,125 mm echebe megide kasị ulo oru, haruru na ụba ime ihe ike. Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa na ndị dị otú a oge: nickel plating amenable ka fọrọ nke nta niile ọla, ka usoro a ga-eji maka inwekwu nhazi nke ngwaahịa.

The ojiji nke nickel kwesịrị ekwesị maka a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe aga-eme:

- nchedo metal ngwaahịa;

- iji dị ka ji achọ coatings;

- tupu akpụ oyi akwa na-akwagide ka n'ihu nhazi;

- mgbake nke akụkụ na mgbakọ.

The mkpuchi e ji elu wear-eguzogide ma na ekweghị ekwe na-atụ aro maka na akụkụ na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ nke esemokwu, karịsịa na-anọghị nke ọ bụla lubrication, eji maka corrosion nchedo, na-enye àgwà ala okpomọkụ brazing solders, niile kenyere na ISO. Electroplated coatings amụbawo brittleness, Otú ọ dị adịghị atụ aro iji na-emepụta ịdị na-ekwe akụkụ gafere nickel plating usoro. Ọ na-atụ aro na-etinye maka slozhnoprofilirovannyh nkọwa. Mgbe okpomọkụ omume usoro n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke 400 degrees Celsius mkpuchi na-aghọ kacha ekweghị ekwe.

Gbamgbam-bismuth

The tin mkpuchi e ji na-eguzogide ka ihe nke sọlfọ-nwere ogige, ọ na-atụ aro maka akụkụ ndị na-na kọntaktị na roba na plastik. N'etiti ya Njirimara nwere ike na-akpọ ndị magburu onwe adhesion na isi metal, ekwedo, ike ekwe, na-eru, zọ, ọkụ, pịa-ekwesị, nakwa dị ka mma njigide n'oge etemeete. Freshly tin mkpuchi lends onwe ya nke ọma soldering.

Nchoputa

Plating mma àgwà nke conductive akụkụ, na-enye ha ka ndị ọzọ eletriki mkpuchi Njirimara, nakwa dị ka na-echebe megide mmetụta nke dị iche iche bekee. Ọzọkwa, usoro a na-enye ohere iji nweta magburu onwe n'elu-enwe a yiri anya, nakwa dị ka simulating na Enamel mkpuchi. O siri ike overstate mkpa electroplating na oge a na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka mmepe nke technology kwere na-eme ka usoro ihe zuru okè.