Ugwu nke Baikal ịkpakọba: atụ

All ndị geological akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Earth (banyere 4.5 ijeri afọ) na-nchọ na a obere geochronological table weere na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. N'oge a, ha na-kewaa na aga kọntinent na oké osimiri gbanwere ọnọdụ ha. N'elu mbara ụwa anyị kpụrụ ugwu, mgbe ahụ, e bibiri ha, na mgbe na ebe ha malitere a ọhụrụ ugwu - ọbụna ibu na ọbụna elu.

Isiokwu a na-elekwasị anya otu n'ime ndị mbụ epochs nke Earth ịkpakọba - banyere Baikal. Ogologo oge ọ dịruru? Nke ugwu ịmaliteworị n'oge a? Na ihe na-na ugwu nke Baikal ịkpakọba - elu ma ọ bụ ala?

The oge nke ndị Earth ịkpakọba

The dum akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ugwu ụlọ na mbara ụwa anyị a na-ekewa ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị n'ime ot oge, oge, na-akpọ ha mpịachi. Anyị mere ya bụ n'ihi na mma. N'ezie, e nweghị izu ke kpụworo ụwa elu dịtụbeghị.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa guzo isii. Ihe odide kasị ochie ịkpakọba - Archean, na ọhụrụ - Alpine, nke na-aga n'ihu taa. Depụtara n'okpuru bụ niile geological ịkpakọba Earth, n'usoro ha si mee:

• Archean (4,5-1,2 ijeri afọ gara aga).
• Baikal (1,2-0,5 ijeri afọ gara aga).
• Caledonia (500-400 nde afọ gara aga).
• Hercynian (400-230 nde afọ gara aga).
• Mesozoic (160-65 nde afọ gara aga).
• Alpine (65 nde afọ gara aga ruo ugbu a).

Geomorphology owuwu na e guzobere ma ugwu ụlọ afọ a na-akpọ ya - Baikalides, Hercynides, Caledonides etc ...

Next anyị ga-ezu ndị kasị ama ugwu nke Baikal ịkpakọba. Gwa anyị ebe ha na-emi odude na otú anya externally.

Baikal anọghị n'ogige atụrụ: n'usoro kpuchie na izugbe e ji mara oge

The oge nke orogeny ụwa, ekpuchi oge site 650 na 550 nde afọ nke Ụwa geological akụkọ ihe mere eme (Riphean - Cambrian), akpọkarị Baikal ịkpakọba. Ọ malitere banyere 1.2 ijeri afọ gara aga na biri banyere 500 nde afọ gara aga. Geological oge aha mgbe Lake Baikal, dị ka ọ bụ n'ebe ndịda nke Siberia e guzobere n'oge a. Okwu mbụ na-eji Russian geologist Nikolai Shatsky na 30-ies.

The Baikal ịkpakọba, mpịachi ruru ka ebighị nke usoro nke volcanism na granitisation na ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ, kpụrụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọhụrụ geological owuwu na ozu nke mbara ala anyị. Dị ka a na-achị, dị mmụta bilie ná mpụga nke oge ochie nyiwe.

Ahụkarị ugwu Baikal ịkpakọba nwere ike ịchọta na ókèala Russia. Nke a, ka ihe atụ, Khamar-Daban ugwu na Buryatia na Timan Ridge na ugwu. Olee otú ha na-ele externally? Ugwu nke Baikal ịkpakọba ga-elu ma ọ bụ ala? Ka anyị zaa ajụjụ a.

Olee otú Baikalides

Baikalides kpụrụ a ogologo oge gara aga. Ọbụna site na ụkpụrụ nke geological oge. Ọ bụ ya mere ezi uche na ọtụtụ n'ime ha ugbu a bụ na a dilapidated ọnọdụ. N'ihi na ọtụtụ nde afọ, ndị a owuwu e doro ifịk denudation e bibiri ha site ifufe, ọdịda, okpomọkụ mgbanwe. N'ihi ya, ugwu nke Baikal ịkpakọba ndị dị ala ma ọ bụ agafeghị oke n'ịdị elu.

N'ezie, Baikalides karị adịkarịghị gafere 2000 mita n'elu oké osimiri. Nke a nwere ike mfe hụrụ ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụnyere ndị anụ ahụ na tectonic map nke Earth. Na geological na tectonic map nke ugwu nke Baikal ịkpakọba, dị ka a na-achị, na akara-acha odo odo.

Otú ọ dị, oge ochie Baikalides na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụwa e ikpe natara (rejuvenated) mesịrị Alpine tectonic mmegharị. Ya mere, ihe atụ, na ọ mere na Caucasus na Turkey.

Na geological owuwu nke Baikal ịkpakọba akacha metụtara ịrịba mee nke na-abụghị ferrous ọla. N'ihi ya, n'ime ha na-mere ndokwa ndị ọgaranya ego nke mercury, tin, zinc, ọla kọpa na gbamgbam.

Ugwu nke Baikal ịkpakọba: atụ

Geological formations nke afọ na-hụrụ dị iche iche nke ụwa. Ha na-na Russia na Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkey, India, France na Australia. Baikalides emi odude ke mben Oké Osimiri Uhie na n'omume ekpuchi n'ókèala Brazil.

Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na okwu ahụ bụ "Baikal mpịachi" bụ ọsọ naanị na nkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ nke post-Soviet ohere. Ná mba ndị ọzọ, na oge a na-akpọ dị iche iche. Ya mere, ihe atụ, na Europe ya na oge-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi Kadoma na Assyntian ịkpakọba, Australia - Luinskaya, Brazil - Brazil otu aha.

N'ime Russia kasị ama Baikalides atụle geomorphology Ọdịdị:

• Eastern Sayan.
• Khamar-Daban.
• Baikal Ugwu.
• Yenisei Ridge.
• Timan Ridge.
• Patom Highlands.

Baikal ugwu mpịachi na Russia. Baikal Mountains

The aha nke a ugwu bụ mgbochiume na aha nke epoch anyị na-enyocha orogeny. Ya mere, ọ na anyị ga-amalite na isi e ji mara Baikalides Russia.

Baikal Mountains n'ókè efere nke Lake si n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ọ dị n'ime Irkutsk region na Buryatia. Ngụkọta ogologo nke riiji bụ 300 kilomita.

Na n'ebe ugwu nke geological Ọdịdị na-aga n'ihu visual Ridge Akitkan. The nkezi elu nke a Baikalides mbio n'etiti 1800-2100 mita. The kasị elu mgbe nke riiji - n'elu Cherskogo (2588 m). The ugwu ahụ bụ aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke geographer, bụ ndị mere ka a oké onyinye ọmụmụ nke ọdịdị nke Baikal mpaghara.

n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Sayan Mountains

Eastern Sayan Mountains - kasị ugwu na n'ebe ndịda Siberia, ndinyanade mbịne fọrọ nke nta a na puku kilomita. Ikekwe, ihe kasị dị ike n'etiti Baikalides Russia. The kasị elu mgbe esịmde 3491 East Sajana mita (Mountain Munch-Sardyk).

East Sayans ekewet isi nke ike crystalline nkume - gneiss, quartzite, amphibolite na marble. Na ya ogbu chọpụtara nnukwu ego nke gold, bauxite na graphite. Ihe kasị mma n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ spurs ugwu nso, kpọrọ site njem nleta Tunkinskie Alps.

The kasị mepụtara (na okwu nke orographic) East Sajana Central òkè. Ọ mejupụtara a elu ugwu massifs, nke na-ji subalpine ahịhịa na odida obodo ụdị. N'ime Eastern Sayan nile kurums. Nke a bụ nnukwu ebe nkume ego, esịnede Ntụ iberibe nke nkume dị iche iche nha.

ugwu Byrranga

Byrranga - onye ọzọ na-akpali ugwu nke Baikal ịkpakọba. Ha na-emi odude ke edere edere Taimyr Peninsula. Ugwu a usoro nke onye ridges, undulating mbara ọzara na elu ugwu dị larịị, miri omimi na jupụtara na nkume trough ndagwurugwu. Ngụkọta ogologo nke ugwu - banyere 1,100 kilomita.

"E nwere ihe a na alaeze nke ndị mmụọ ọjọọ, na nkume, ice na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ" - ya mere na dere banyere ebe ndị a Nganasans, ndị nnọchiteanya nke otu n'ime ụmụ amaala obodo nke Siberia. The mbụ mapped na ugwu Byrranga Russian nchoputa Alexander Middendorf.

Ndị a ugwu dị nnọọ ala. Ọ bụ ezie na ha na-ele mara mma nnukwu dị ka ọ na-emi odude nri na oké osimiri. Oke elu nke a na-ekwu bụ naanị 1146 mita. The enyemaka nke a ugwu bụ nnọọ iche iche. Ebe i nwere ike ịhụ nkpoda na nwayọọ mkpọda, ewepụghị na kapịrị ọnụ ọnụ ọnụ, nakwa dị ka a nnukwu dịgasị iche iche nke ice iche-iche.

Yenisei na Timan Ridge

Baikalides maara Russia, anyị ga-agbacha ọsọ nkọwa nke abụọ ridges - na Yenisei na Timan. Onye mbụ na-emi odude n'ime Central Siberia Plateau , na na n'ebe ụfọdụ, ihe karịrị otu puku mita n'ịdị elu. Yenisei Ridge mgbagwoju oge ochie na nnọọ ike nkume - conglomerates, shales, sandstones na afia. Ọdịdị bụ ọgaranya ígwè ore, bauxite na gold.

Timan Ridge na nsogbu na n'ebe ugwu nke mba ahụ. Ọ erukwa si Barents Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri na bụ n'akụkụ aka Ural Ugwu. Ngụkọta ogologo nke ugwu - banyere 950 km. Boules owụt weakly enyemaka. Kasị emenede akụkụ, nke bụ kasị elu mgbe - Chetlassky nkume (elu nke naanị 471 m). Dị ka ndị ọzọ Ọdịdị nke ahụ Baikal ịkpakọba, Timan Ridge bụ ọgaranya minerals (titanium, bauxite, agate, wdg).