Ụrọ - ihe ọ bụ? na-eme ka ite

Poselin na nke ụrọ - nke a bụ ihe kasị sie ike (na okwu nke manufacturability) dịgasị iche iche nke seramiiki ngwaahịa. N'ihi na ihe karịrị iri na ise na narị afọ, ha na-eji maka mmepụta nke tableware, ncheta, ime ihe, facade nkọwa.

Gịnị bụ na ọ na - faience? Olee ụdị poselin bụ ebe ahụ? Olee mepụtara poselin ụlọ ọrụ na oge a na Russia? Azịza ajụjụ ndị a nwere ike ịchọta anyị isiokwu.

Ụrọ - ihe ọ bụ? The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụrọ

"Faience" - a okwu nke Italian si malite. Ọ na-na-jikọrọ ya na obodo nke Faenza, nke dịwo anya ihe dị mkpa center nke seramiiki mmepụta ke Europe. Gịnị bụ na ọ na - faience? Ọ bụ oké na finely porous seramiiki isiokwu. A, na ọ nwere a na-acha ọcha na agba na a glaze kpuchie (uzo ma ọ bụ dull).

Faience (dị ka, n'ezie, na poselin) mejupụtara anọ eke Efrata. Nke a kaolin, quartz, feldspar, bọl ụrọ. Ihe onwunwe abụghị ekenyela zuru ezu ike, ya mere, ọ na-n'ụba ekpuchi glaze. Dabere na mejupụtara secrete ọtụtụ iche iche nke ite:

• alumina;
• lime;
• fireclay;
• feldspar (ndị dịgasị iche iche bụ ndị kasị ewu ewu).

N'ihi ya, anyị hụrụ na a ite ụrọ. Ngwaahịa a bụ nke mbụ mụtara ime ndị Ijipt na Chinese (gburugburu V narị afọ). Mgbe e mesịrị, na Middle Ages, ite mere na Korea, Japan na Iran. Na Europe, "Ntụziaka" nke ya mmepụta bịara naanị ke XVI na narị afọ.

Iji ụbọchị, ndị kasị mma ite na ụwa na-amị mba ndị dị ka Germany, France, Japan, UK, China na Italy.

Poselin na ya variants

Okwu "poselin" si Persian faghfur. Nke a na ụdị seramiiki nke bụ inogide, gas na mmiri na-eguzogide. Poselin nwetara site firing kaolin na mgbakwunye na nke feldspar, quartz na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ mmiri. Na usoro a, na n'ihi na ihe onwunwe bụ dị ọcha na-acha ọcha, mara mma ma na-atụgharị uche.

Ọ na-kweere na poselin "mepụtakwara" na Chinese na VI na narị afọ. Na nanị mgbe a puku afọ nke n'ichepụta technology kemgbe dị ka Europe. Ogologo oge tupu o wee Central Asia, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi Silk Road. Ná ngwụsị nke na Asaa narị afọ malitere na-emepụta poselin na America, na ná mmalite nke XVIII - na Russia.

E nwere atọ ụdị nke poselin, nke dị iche budata na mma na isi e ji mara:

• siri ike (Reference poselin nwetara site elu okpomọkụ firing, ọ ubé opaque);
• ọkpụkpụ (a ụdị poselin emepụta n'ihi na mgbakwunye na nke a ngwakọta nke nwụrụ anwụ ọkụ ọkpụkpụ, ọ bụ fechaa, uzo na nnọọ inogide);
• adụ (a pụrụ iche nke poselin na-anọchi ubara porosity na a mara mma ude agba).

The usoro nke na-eme ka ite

Ụrọ, china na dị ka, arụpụtara site fọrọ nke nta ahụ circuit. Nkà na ụzụ, ọ bụ a kama mgbagwoju anya usoro, nke na-agụnye 80 iche iche arụmọrụ. Ke ofụri ofụri, otu onye nwere ike ịmata ihe dị iche ise isi nkebi nke mmepụta nke whiteware ngwaahịa:

1. Preparatory nzọụkwụ (agwakọta na mmiri na a kaolin ụrọ, ndinuak ma na-egweri nkume, plastic uka nkwadebe).
2. Formation nke ngwaahịa.
3. Ihicha - mbido (n'ụdị) na nke ikpeazụ.
4. Burning ngwaahịa (kasị-eji a na-oge firing).
5. Gbazere agbaze na decorating ngwaahịa (sere nwere ike ịbụ under- ma ọ gbazere).

The poselin e ji ite?

Ke ofụri ofụri, poselin bụ bụghị ọtụtụ dị iche iche si ite ụrọ. Na ihe na-enweghị uche onye ga-ike ikpebi ụdị ite n'ihu ya. Ebe a na-a ole na ole isi ihe ndị ga-enyere ya ịmata ọdịiche poselin si ite:

• dị ka akụkụ nke ụrọ ụrọ ihe ndị ọzọ (banyere 85% nke ngụkọta ibu);
• mgbe na-achọ na ihe onwunwe na ìhè ga na-enwu site na poselin na nke ụrọ - dịghị;
• Poselin na-mgbe na-ada, ọbụna mgbe a ìhè tapping, faience na-ewepụtarịrị a dull ụda bụ ala;
• oge na-aga, ngwaahịa nke ụrọ kpuchie eriri idide nke obere cracks, ọ bụghị ahụkarị ndị poselin;
• Efere ngwaahịa ndị na-emekarị ihe arọ karịa ndị yiri ngwaahịa si poselin;
• Poselin bụ mgbe na-acha ọcha, ma ihe ọkpụkpụ ndị nwere ike a dịgasị iche iche nke shades.

Poselin ụlọ ọrụ na oge a na Russia

Poselin ụlọ ọrụ bụ a alaka nke ìhè ụlọ ọrụ na specializes na mmepụta nke ezi ceramik - tableware, ụmụ obere ihe oyiyi, crockery, ime ihe dị iche iche ncheta. Na Russia, akụkọ banyere ya malitere na 1744 mgbe mbụ factory hazie na St. Petersburg. Na XIX narị afọ na ókèala nke alaeze ukwu, e nwere ugbua ọtụtụ iri ụlọ mmepụta ihe maka mmepụta nke poselin na nke ụrọ. Na Soviet oge, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ elu okpukpu atọ.

Taa poselin ụlọ ọrụ nke Russia na-aga site ya kacha mma ugboro. The obodo nwere naanị 11 ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ kuworo:

• Kislovodsk "poselin Phoenix."
• Andreapolsky poselin factory.
• "Poselin Sysert".
• "Kuznetsovsky poselin".
• Gzhel poselin factory.
• PC "Dulevo poselin".
• "Bashkir poselin".
• "Poselin Verbilok".
• Imperial poselin Factory.
• Rechitsky poselin factory.
• PKF "Kubanfarfor".

The ndú nke poselin mmepụta ke Russia bụ Imperial poselin Factory (IPF) na St. Petersburg. Ya na ngwaahịa e ọma exported ka ọtụtụ mba. Products IPE adade ke hermitage, London na New York ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.