Zil-134: nkọwa

ZIL-134 - bụ ahụmahụ multi-nzube traktọ, kere na 50s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ na Soviet Union. The ụgbọ ala dị iche site ọnụnọ nke a ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ na usoro na oge, dị ka multi-njikọ nkwusioru, Central taya onu oriri, na ndị ọzọ. Dị ka larịị nke mmepe nke a Usoro ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, na-atụ anya mmepe nke anụ ụlọ ụgbọala-teren technology.

Project ahazi ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala ụlọ mmepụta ihe na Soviet Union ebe ufọt ufọt 50s, malitere intensively ịzụlite na-ewu a dị iche iche na Usoro maka agbachitere ngalaba. Otu n'ime ndị a òtù tụgharịa SKB Plant Likhachev. Ọ na-aga na Bureau mara ya development imewe engineer Vitaly Grachev.

Nke a niile na-teren ugbo

Na 1955, n'okpuru nduzi nke Grachev, ZIL ọkachamara agha e guzobere ibuo nlereanya nke praịm haziri ZIS-E134. Ọ ghọrọ nlereanya sample "ọnụ ọgụgụ otu" na nwere ikike pụrụ iche na e ji mara. Inwe ahụmahụ ke imewe nke ndị dị otú ahụ akụrụngwa, bụ mkpara nke imewe Bureau malitere ụgbọala ZIL-134. Ọ e zubere na a ga-abụ ihe nkezi ụgbọala na ogbunigwe traktọ ATK-6.
Anọ teren ụgbọala, nke wheel usoro 8x8, e mere maka towing trailers iche iche ndị ọzọ na ígwè ọrụ erikpu aka 6 tọn n'elu ike ike teren. Dị ka primer mkpuchi ụgbọala wetara ka 7.2 tọn arọ. Site n'ụzọ meghere - ibu na trailers 15 tọn. Ke adianade do, n'ime ihe niile na-teren ụgbọala nwere ike ịnabata ruo 8 ndị mmadụ, na ruo 4 tọn ibu. Ndị a chọrọ na-ahụ ekwekọghị naanị esoro ugbo ala.

Otú ọ dị, ndị injinia na-enwe ike ịzụlite ihe pụrụ iche. Imewe nke ZIL-134 ụgbọala technicians ike mejuputa kacha elu na-aga n'ihu echiche, nke na-ahụ n'ọrụ na-eme. Iji hụ na elu anya-ụzọ ike, onye ọ bụla axle e odude ke otu anya n'ebe onye ọ bụla ọzọ. N'ihi ya, anọ àkwà mmiri n'ịnyịnya na etiti oge nke 1450 mm.

The ụlọ na ya na ngwá

The ụlọ kpamkpam mere ndokwa ke n'ihu overhang. The ike unit na-n'ịnyịnya n'azụ ya. Overhangs na abụọ ndị ntakiri. Ụba n'ọkwá ụdị nke elu-ike ihe ngwa ngwa idi oké nchegbu. Platform maka crews, nwere ike n'ụzọ na arches na okwuchi windo. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a nile nwere ike kagburu.

Chọrọ ihu igwe ime njem ụlọ nke atọ (nke na mberede, dị iche mma ọhụhụ) oven nọgidere na-enwe jikọọ na obi jụrụ usoro nke ike unit. Oche na backrest na-adị mfe tọghatara abụọ oche, nke nwere ike comfortably ụra. ZIL ụgbọala na tagzi ụlọ nwere nnyocha onu.

n'okpuru hundu

The ụgbọ ala bụ a anọ na-traktọ drive axles na wheel atụmatụ 8x8. The n'ihu ụkwụ anọ - achịkwa. N'ụlọ ọrụ ndị engine nke mmepe kpọmkwem maka ihe niile na-teren ụgbọala. N'okpuru enyeghachi ya okpukpu anọ, na engine nwere Zil-134 V12 - petrol engine, nke a na-na mbụ setịpụrụ maka ahụmahụ E134. Ndahie nke 12-cylinder ogologo anụ bụ 10.4 lita. Engine ike - 240 HP Ke ofụri ofụri, ike unit ẹkewetde nke abụọ ibuo isii cylinder V ekara E180. Na niile innovations na e emejuputa atumatu a engine, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nnọọ na-apụghị ịdabere.
N'ihi Ugboro malfunctions na ọdịda na mgbanye usoro mgbe aga na na valvụ pistons. Site na ọdịda nke oge usoro. N'otu oge ahụ mgbe nile hụrụ ọdịda nke inyeaka nkeji, punching ma na-aga na na na cylinder isi gasket. Mgbe nameplate ike nke 240 magbuo ata ọgụgụ ndị na naanị 200 HP Ọ bụghị iji na-enweta ndị dị mkpa traction na ike arụmọrụ.

Unique imewe atụmatụ

The ike osisi e onwem na ọhụrụ na usoro na usoro - ha kpamkpam mbụ. Nke a centrifugal nyo maka ezi ọcha hydropushers. The imewe na-eji inertia Starter, preheater, na-arụ ọrụ ma na ọkụ eletrik na mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọ facilitated mmalite nke oyi engine. Ọzọkwa, engine e onwem na a na-akwado ipigide anya. Ọ na-akpaghị aka na-achịkwa, abụọ silencers na mmụba tank.

ejima

Hibere, ụgbọ ala na-fọrọ nke nta ka ugboro edoghi na atụmatụ nke Minsk-wheel mbanye niile na-teren ugbo MAZ-535.

Nke a na Usoro e mepụtara na Minsk, nzukọ na imewe ụlọ ọrụ na 1954. The mbụ mmepụta ihe na-na ìhè na 61 m. The igwe ka n'ihi afọ atọ, mgbe nke ya dochie a ọzọ dị ike traktọ nlereanya Minsk 537. rover nwere otu mbanye usoro na wheel usoro. Iche bụ naanị na a technical nri, nakwa na nke kacha nta.

akpaka nnyefe

ZIL-134 Control na-ukwuu facilitated site ọnụnọ nke akpaka nnyefe - ee, ọ bụ. Karịsịa mkpa bụ akpaka nnyefe na okporo ụzọ. Nnyefe nke ihe niile na-teren ụgbọala bụ a abụọ ọnụ - na torque Ntụgharị na nnyefe agba atọ. PPC - mbara ụdị.

Parallel ọkọnọ torque na mbanye e rụrụ site n'iji a ụzọ nke abụọ na-agba nyefe igbe. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere otu ọrụ nke iche iche na njikọ n'ihu na azụ nke igbe.
Differentials ke otu na-ogbo ikpeazụ draịva onwem na a n'ibu mkpọchi ụdị. Mgbe e mesịrị, na ZIL ụgbọala set ama ejedebeghị ileghara differentials. N'oge dị iche iche, ha na-eji ụdị dị iche iche.

The n'ihu wheel mbanye na-eji na kasị elu n'oge ahụ, bọl nkwonkwo Rtseppa, a atụmatụ nke nke bu na ha bu synchronous. Dịkwuo nwechapụ nke 470 mm wheel n'ógbè nlekọta ọrụ onwem na gearboxes.

na-akwọ ụgbọala arụmọrụ

Ezigbo ọrụ na elu-akwọ ụgbọala arụmọrụ na okporo ụzọ na ike ike teren na ụgbọala nyere otu nọọrọ onwe ha nkwusioru ụdị. Engineers eji a torsion-menjuobi usoro na telescopic ujo absorbers. Suspension ọrịa strok bụ 220 mm. Bugharia abụọ n'ihu abụọ nke wheel-eji ike haịdrọlik ike.

Brek na taya

Iji arọ ụgbọ ala ike n'enweghị akwụsịlata na oké egwu ọnọdụ, ndị injinịa mepụtara pụrụ iche brek. N'ihi ya, na igwe na-onwem na a kara akara drum ígwè ọrụ. Dị ka na-eji ha na-akwọ ụgbọala si ọmụmụ usoro.

Vehicle manned pụrụ iche na taya na mkpa mgbidi. The peculiarity nke ha na àjà ihe ọṅụṅụ ala nsogbu. taya size - 16.00-20.00. The mgbali n'ime ha fluctuated na nso nke 0,5 ka 1,25 kg / cm2. mgbali larịị nọgidere na-enwe na-agbanwe na-akpaghị aka site na a centralized usoro. Nke a nwere nti mmetụta na patency na arụmọrụ nke traktọ. The ụgbọala nwere ike bụghị ịkpali ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na taya a mapuru ma ọ bụ backache.

The ụgbọ ala e dechara na winch drum trossoukladchikom na forcibly bufee USB. E guzobere n'agbata nke atọ na nke abụọ mbanye axle. Propulsion atụmatụ na e ji mara nke ụgbọala e mma patency n'ihi enweghị protruding akụkụ na a ezigbo ala pan. Isi - n'ụzọ zuru ezu-akàrà, ikwe na a niile na-teren ugbo imeri ọbụna mmiri mgbochi.

na ule

Na oyi 1957, na mgbe ahụ na mmiri, site ọkachamara nke imewe Bureau nke osisi Likhachev ụgbọala abụọ na-wuru. Ha na-na-ekpe ikpe gosiri nti utịp. Traktọ ATK-6 anya-ụzọ ike dị anya karịa mmepụta nlereanya ZIL-157 osisi. On permeability ike-enwe mmetụta ụgbọala wheel isi (1450 + 1450 mm). Rover nta conceded crawler ụdị. Na okwu nke nkezi okporo ụzọ gbapụrụ ọsọ, ụgbọala karịrị ZIL-157 na esoro ugbo ala GAZ-47 na AT-C. Mgbe n'ụzọ zuru ezu kwajuru traktọ pụrụ n'ụzọ dị mfe imeri adahade karịrị 40 degrees, ọwa obosara 1.5 m, scarps elu nke 1 m.

N'ihi na kpamkpam akara Herọd igwe mfe gafere amaokwu n'agbanyeghị na ha omimi. The ụgbọala bụ ike ịkwaga na mmiri na ala gbapụrụ ọsọ, na mkpokọta 2-3 km / h.
The igwe nwere ike sere a ụgbọala na-adọkpụ, towed ugbo elu-erikpu ruo 70 ise.

ọzọ data

Vehicle ogologo-ya 7160 mm, obosara - 2700 mm, elu - 2650. wheel SUV ibu - 10.600 mm. Gross ụgbọala ibu ruo 15 tọn. On-oru, ihe niile na-teren ụgbọala mgbe a ibu nke 4 tọn. Wheelbase - 1450 + 1450 + 1450 mm. Mmanụ ụgbọala oriri mgbe ụgbọala na ike ike teren enweghị ibu - 59 lita kwa 100 kilomita. Mmanụ tank ike nke igwe bụ 500 lita.

ọgwụgwụ

Ya mere, anyị chọpụta ihe nwere ZIL-134 nkọwa. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na nke a bụ a ụgbọ ala na ihe na-akpali akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ndụ hụ ụdị ihe ahụ bụ ekwe omume.