Agha nke Tsushima 1905. Naval Battle na Sea of ​​Japan. Tsushima Strait

Agha nke Tsushima na 1905 nke Russian Pacific nsoro si Japanese Imperial Navy ahụhụ a bibie. N'ihi ya, oké osimiri agha Russian skwodron e meriri ma bibie. Isi akụkụ nke Russian warships e torpedoed site Japanese akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na idei mmiri na-arụ ọrụ ndị òtù. Ụfọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mara ọkwa ha chịlie aka elu, nanị anọ n'ụgbọ mmiri laghachi n'ikperé ala nna ya ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Russian-Japanese agha (1904-1905) biri na a isi agha mmeri nke Russian nsoro ụsọ oké osimiri nke Tsushima agwaetiti (Japan). Gịnị bụ ihe mere e meriri, na e nwere onye ọzọ ga-ekwe omume pụta ihe omume?

The agha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnọdụ ná Far East

Russian-Japanese agha nke 1904-1905 malitere na a na anya agha Japanese agha mmiri na-ebukọrọ-alụ ọgụ na Russian mmiri guzo ke okporo ụzọ nke Port Arthur. abụọ arọ ogbunigwe ụgbọala na otu n'elu arịa e mebiri site a torpedo agha. History nke Far East nwere otutu agha edinam. All n'ime ha nọ na-iji weghara ma re-nkewa nke ngalaba nke mmetụta na nke akụkụ a nke Russian ala.

Japan ọchịchọ ịchị Northeast China na Korean dịịrị banye na mmiri ike na-akwado site Britain na United States of America. Ihe ole na ole Russian allies, dị ka France, Germany na ndị ọzọ, na nke nke ichebe Russian n'ókèala akwado Russian Emperor Nicholas II. Otú ọ dị, na bụrụkwa oge nke usoro gbalịrị ma na-anọpụ iche. Eme allies gosipụtara naanị mgbe agbanwe agbanwe na ha azụmahịa metụtara.

Strategic mkpebi

Nọgidere esiwanye ike na Japanese agha Port Arthur, isi isi nke Russian Pacific Fleet, amanye Emperor Nicholas II ka i mee ihe ọtụtụ. E kpebiri na July 1904. The idem emem nke Pacific skwodron merie na-ebibi Japanese nsoro zitere site na Kronstadt skwodron n'okpuru idu ndú nke Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky.

Ọ bụ na ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri na Baltic achọpụta na Port Arthur ẹka, na ihe nile na ụgbọ mmiri na okporo ụzọ idei mmiri. The Pacific nsoro na-ebibi. Nke a bụ Maritime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian Far East. Otú ọ dị, Nicholas II kpebie ịnọgide n'okporo ụzọ nke ndị eze ukwu nsoro na n'ikperé Japan. Iji wusie ndị agha skwodron si na Baltic Oké Osimiri e zigara a detachment nke ọgụ mmiri nke N'azụ Admiral N. I. Nebogatova.

N'ụzọ ha nhata ike na-emegide

Ọganihu na Agha nke Tsushima nwere ike ụzọ hụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkeji nke na-emegide emegide n'akụkụ. The Pacific nsoro Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky gụnyere:

• 8 skwodron nke arọ ogbunigwe mmiri (battleships) megide 4 Japanese;
• 3 Coast Nche agha megide 6 ụgbọ nile nke onye-iro;
• 1 ruo 8, kreyserny armadillo nkeji Imperial Japanese nsoro;
• 8 na 16, Cruisers Japanese mgbere;
• 5 24 enyemaka nke Japan agha n'ụlọikpe;
• 9 Russian megide 63 Japanese ebukọrọ.

Ihe àmà na-uru nke na-alụ ọgụ na Japanese Admiral Togo Heyhatiro ekwu maka onwe ya. Ahụmahụ nke Japanese nsoro ọgụ karịrị Russia na akụkụ nile, n'agbanyeghị na ihe ndị mere naval agha na Russia bụ ihe na ano. Japanese mara akụ nkà mụtara nkà nke ndikan iro na ogologo nso, na otu lekwasịrị na ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri. Nke a ọ bụghị a Russian nsoro. Isi na-arụ nke na oge ndị eze ukwu parades (parades), mmiri ngwá, nke a na-ẹkenịmde kwa afọ na iwu nke Eze Ukwu Nicholas II.

Emehie miscalculations Russian ochiagha

The usoro ebumnobi nke njem nke Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo bụ kpọọ nke Oké Osimiri Japan. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnọdụ a napụtara site Emperor Nicholas II. Otú ọ dị, ZP Rozhdestvensky hụrụ ya arụmọrụ nzube nke ndị na-esonụ: ọ bụla agha, n'agbanyeghị nke nwere ọnwụ nke ha nsoro, inwere site na Vladivostok. Ọ bụ omume na na circumvent na Japanese agwaetiti dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọ ga-abụ putara ighe ziri ezi mkpebi, na Tsushima naval agha Ọ ga-ewere ọnọdụ.

Ma ochiagha họọrọ a dị iche iche, mkpumkpu ụzọ. E kpebiri na-aga site isi ike. Korea Strait ijikọ East China na Osimiri Japan, na-aga gburugburu n'àgwàetiti Tsushima, nke, n'aka, nwere ihe abụọ ụzọ: n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Itie (Tsushima Strait). Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-echere Heytatiro Japanese Admiral Togo.

All amaokwu na-egbochi

Etubom Japanese nsoro họọrọ nri usoro atụmatụ maka na o kwere omume agha ahụ. Patrol mmiri yinye hazie n'etiti agwaetiti, nke nwere ike na-agwa ndị ọchịagha banyere omume eduzi na obibia nke Russian ụgbọ mmiri. Nke dị ná mpụga Vladivostok Japanese amamihe tinye minefields. Ihe niile dị njikere maka agha. Japanese mmiri Agha nke Tsushima anya obibia nke Russian ụgbọ mmiri. Pacific Fleet ọchịagha jụrụ Maritime onyunyo, na-atụ egwu chọpụtara nke ya skwodron ọgụgụ isi mgbere iro.

N'isi ụtụtụ agha Tsushima, ụbọchị nke May 14, 1905, malitere.

Ihe doro anya pụta nke isi nke ndi-agha Russian-Japanese Agha

Send dị otú ahụ a Motley armada nke atọ oké osimiri ọtụtụ yiri ara. Na nke a na-aga ibibi mkpọsa zitere lagoro ezumike nka na eyi usoro, clocked elu ọtụtụ narị puku ndị amụ ka kilomita, na ọhụrụ, na-agwụ agwụ ngwa ngwa, ọ bụghị ifọnke arịa. Akwọ ụgbọ mmiri mgbe niile na-ezo aka ha ụgbọ mmiri na-adịghị ndụ mmetụta Nigeria. Armadillos na aha a ma ama ọchịagha ka kpọmkwem achọghị gaa ụfọdụ ọnwụ.

Ha na-rapaara na ụzọ ala na ileghara, emikpu efep factory mgbidi na idozi, nọdụ ala na a akụ, jere ozi dị ka doro anya ịdọ aka ná ntị ihe ịrịba ama nke ha crews.

Ọ na-adịghị kwere na mgbaàmà ọdịnihu?

Ná mmalite nke 1900 na studio ọkụ nzukọ nlereanya nke agha "Emperor Alexander III». The launching nke a ụgbọ mmiri ji ọdịda nke flagpole na alaeze ukwu ọkọlọtọ na-eso ụmụ mmadụ tara.

Agha "Eagle" miri dị na obodo ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, na mgbe e mesịrị ọtụtụ ugboro Nọdụ tọrọ atọ, ịchụkwudo na skwodron na Gulf. Agha "Otuto" n'ozuzu enwebeghị ike ịga hiking.

Otú ọ dị, ihe kasị iwu nke nchegbu ọ bụla ha na-amaghị ama. September 26, 1904 na Revel (n'oge Tallinn) ẹkenịmde kasị elu alaeze ukwu Nme. Nicholas II gaa gburugburu niile ụgbọ mmiri na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri chọrọ iru Port Arthur na jikọọ na-akpa skwodron nke Pacific Fleet na jikotara aka wee nna Sea of Japan. A izu gasịrị, asaa battleships, ugbo agha, na-ebukọrọ mgbe ekpe ala ha n'ikperé mmiri. 220 mkpọsa ụbọchị ka Japanese mben ogologo nke 18 puku amụ ka kilomita amalitela.

contingencies

Isi nsogbu chere ihu skwodron iwu, - ọ bụ a nsogbu na mmanụ ụgbọala. N'okpuru mba ofesi Maritime iwu n'oge warships nke a mmụọ ịlụ ọgụ wee gaa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke a na-anọpụ iche party naanị maka otu ụbọchị. England, na-achịkwa ọtụtụ ndị loading ụgbọ na-aga nke skwodron, mechiri emechi ya na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri maka Russian warships.

Tụkwasịnụ skwodron coal, ndokwa na ọhụrụ mmiri, nwere iji hazie kpọmkwem n'ime oké osimiri. Maka idozi ya n'ụzọ na a pụrụ iche ogbako "Kamchatka", zuru ezu na omenkà ọrụ afọ ofufo. Na mberede, ha na-na-akọrọ akara aka nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ke ofụri ofụri, mmejuputa a usoro ọrụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kpọkwara kasị elu akara.

The hardest coal loading n'oké osimiri, ndị na-adị egwu ebe okpomọkụ okpomọkụ, mgbe okpomọkụ na ji esi mmiri ọkụ ụlọ ruru 70º Celsius, a oké ifufe oyi na Cape nke Good Hope - niile a emeghị ka ha kwụsị ije nke skwodron. Ọ dịghị onye nke ụgbọ mmiri na ahapụghị.

Circumnavigation njem site atọ oké osimiri

Russian skwodron, dị ka a na mọ na mmiri, na-adịkarịghị na-abịaru ụgbọ mmiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. The ụwa dum na-ele ya na-akpụ akpụ. International teligraf na ekwentị edoghi na ṅụbigara. Correspondents na akuko na-ekpemede skwodron n'akụkụ dum ụzọ:

• Port kwuru (Ijipt);
• Djibouti (East Africa);
• Aden (Yemen);
• Dakar (Senegal);
• Conakry (Guinea);
• Cape Town (South Africa).

Ma niile mgbalị kụrụ afọ n'ala. The mbụ ogologo oge na-adọba ụgbọala nọ Bay Masiba (Madagascar). E nwekwara sonyeere cruising squad N'azụ Admiral DG Felkerzama ndabere, akpatre mkpịrịsị site Suez Canal. N'oge omume na Madagascar Admiral Z. P. Rozhdestvensky o kwenyesiri ike nke enweghị ike nke ha subordinates gbaa n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma awụgharị n'ụzọ ziri ezi.

Otú ọ dị, nke a bụ ka ọ na anya. Mkpocha a kpụrụ ukwuu n'ime nke Isonye na ntaramahụhụ igbe. Ọnwa abụọ mgbe e mesịrị - na-awụlikwa elu gafee Indian Ocean. Enweghị atụ ike gwụrụ skwodron zutere na Chinese na-akụ azụ na Straits na Singapore, na Vietnamese na cam Ranh. Latest halichondriidae ike ịhụ n'àgwàetiti Jeju Korean pearl di iche iche. Nnọọ anya na-amalite Agha nke Tsushima, na ụbọchị nke ọnwụ nke skwodron bịakwutere.

The mbụ salvo ndị iro

Na awa 13 40 nkeji flagship agha "Prince Suvorov" edu Captain 1st n'usoro V. V. Ignatsiusa dina a N'ezie n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ 23. Nine nkeji mgbe e mesịrị, ya egbe-amụ ihe ọkụ na Japanese nsoro, na ọbụna akpamfia akasiaha omume na nkeji abụọ volleys. Tsushima naval agha ahụ malitere. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrụ ya pụta doro anya ọbụna Petersburg.

Site a akwụkwọ ozi ka ọchịagha nke ndi oru ugbo nke agha-eche ha nche "Emperor Alexander III» Captain 3rd n'usoro nm Buhvustova: "Ị chọrọ ka anyị merie. Ọ baghị uru ikwu, anyị chọrọ ya. Ma na-emeri adịghị. N'otu oge ahụ, na m ekwe nkwa na anyị ga-nile na-anwụ, ma ọ bụghị mbà. " The ọchịagha nọ ya okwu na e gburu na ndị zuru mejupụtara nke agha.

Agha nke Tsushima, mkpirikpi banyere isi

Na 14 awa na minit 15, kpọmkwem iri atọ na ise nkeji mgbe mmalite nke agha, ndị agha "Oslabya" gawa site Captain 1st n'usoro V. I. Berom, na ike Vasitis imi na a nnukwu ọkụ na Rostra akpọrepu ala, da na n'aka ekpe . Nkeji iri mgbe e mesịrị, ọ okụrede n'okpuru mmiri, na-ahapụ nanị osisi iberibe na ndagharị mmadụ mmiri n'elu.

A nkeji ole na ole mgbe ọnwụ nke "Oslabya" otu mgbe ndị ọzọ n'usoro mmiri torpedoed site Japanese akwọ ụgbọ mmiri.

Site 16 awa n'usoro agha "Prince Suvorov", nke e merụsịrị nkwarụ site Japanese shells. Icheta ihe ndị enwu enwu agwaetiti, ọ bụ banyere awa ise iji na-egosipụta iro ọgụ. Ke akpatre nkeji nke Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri laghachi ọkụ naanị ndụ trohdyuymovki na égbè. Agha natara asaa torpedo wɔfrɛ wɔn T wee n'okpuru mmiri.

A obere tupu m jisiri wepu Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo na mkpara na mbibi "Wild One". A ngụkọta nke 23 ndị mmadụ nọ na kpọpụrụ. dịghịkwa onye nwere ike ịzọpụta ndị ọzọ. O nyere iwu ka agha na nwụrụ na ya onyeisi ndị 1st n'usoro, nkà mmiri na-ese Vasiliy Vasilevich Ignatsius.

Ke ofụri ofụri, n'oge Russian-Japanese agha nwụrụ anwụ ezigbo omenkà, na ma Alumni nke Marine Corps, na site a iju ukem ini full namesake. The abụọ artist - bụ Vasiliy Vasilevich Vereschagin, mmiri riri ha na agha "Petropavlovsk" ụsọ oké osimiri nke Port Arthur. Ma n'otu oge ya na ya e gburu na Admiral S. O. Makarov, onye meriri n'ọtụtụ osimiri agha na Russia na bụ ebube na nganga nke Russian nsoro. Ịgbaso flagship "Knyaz Suvorov" Russian Imperial Fleet efu:

• "Sisoy Veliky" n'okpuru iwu nke Captain 1st n'usoro M. P. Ozerova;
• agha "Navarino", edu Captain 1st efehek, Baron B. A. Fitingofom;
• ugbo agha "Admiral Nakhimov" bụ ebutere ka e mesịrị dọọrọ n'agha onyeisi 1st n'usoro A. Rodionova;
• agha "Admiral Ushakov", onye ọchịagha bụ Captain 1st n'usoro V. N. Mikluhina (ship gburu ikpeazụ nke Russian skwodron);
• "Admiral Senyavin" edu Captain 1st n'usoro S. I. Grigorevym, onye e weghaara Japanese.

The ọdachi na-aga n'ihu

Agha nke Tsushima ke 1905 ọzọ na ndị ọzọ dọọrọ ndị miri Russian akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ha mmiri. Ọzọ ọnwụ nkwarụ agha wee banye mmiri na niile aka na osisi. Ruo mgbe ikpeazụ nkeji na ụmụ mmadụ - si onyeisi na stoker - kpọrọ olileanya na ọ ga-ekwe omume imeri egwu Agha nke Tsushima (1905) na na N'ezie n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Russian n'ụsọ oké osimiri 23 iyi. Ndị isi ihe - na-adị ndụ. Ọtụtụ ndị nwụrụ na a echiche. Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na agha na-agba ọsọ track so ele ebe ọnwụ nke ha comrades. Gbaa nwa si-ere ọkụ egbugbere ọnụ. "Chineke zuru ike mkpụrụ obi ha, Jehova"

N'iyi na ya dum arụ ọrụ nke agha "Emperor Alexander III», na mgbe e mesịrị "Borodino". N'ụzọ ọrụ ebube wepugara naanị otu-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. Pụta nke agha ahu a foregone ọgwụgwụ. Agha nke Tsushima na 1905 mere ka anyị na-eche banyere invincibility nke Russian nsoro. N'ụtụtụ echi ya, mgbe ndụ n'abalị torpedo awakpo remnants nke Russian skwodron feworo Japanese N'azụ Admiral N. I. Nebogatovym. Mgbe e mesịrị Admiral Nikolay Ivanovich Nebogatov ikpe afọ iri mkpọrọ na ikpe nke Naval Court nke Ya Imperial n'iru eze.

Akara aka nke onye-isi usu

Etubom mbibi "Wild One", na-azọpụta Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo, bụ onyeisi ndị 2nd n'usoro Nikolay Nikolaevich Kolomiytsev. Akara aka nke nwoke a bụ nnọọ ịtụnanya. Ruo mgbe Russian-Japanese War, o a ma ama hydrographer, njem, na-eme nchọpụta nke Taimyr, etubom icebreaker "Ermak". Ọ abuana ke Russian pola njem nke Baron Eduard Toll. Alaghachi Russia mgbe Tsushima, ebe ọ dị iche onwe ya dị ka otu n'ime n'elu ọchịagha nke Russian Navy, NN Kolomiitsev nyere iwu dị iche iche ụgbọ mmiri. Na World War m ghọrọ osote ochiagha. Na 1918 e jidere site Bolsheviks na mkpọrọ Pita na Pọl Ebe e wusiri ike. Na ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ ndị Soviet oge biographies nke NN Kolomiytseva agwụ na okwu bụ: "Nwụrụ Anwụ na Petrograd, presumably na 1918." Na 1972, ya aha e nyere ọhụrụ hydrographic ụgbọ mmiri. Nanị na nso nso a chọpụtara na Nicholas Kolomiitsev na 1918 gbagara Finland. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ lụrụ ọgụ Black Sea na n'akụkụ nke Baron Wrangel. Mgbe ahụ ọ kwagara France, na nwụrụ na United States n'okpuru ụkwụ a agha ụgbọala na njedebe nke 1944. N'ihi ya, ụgbọ mmiri "Nikolai Kolomiitsev" bụ nanị onye na Soviet Navy ship aha mgbe Admiral nke White Nche na expat.

ya mere eme

Si anatara nke navies nke oge abụọ mmiri soò Agha nke Tsushima ọbọhọ ruo mgbe ụbọchị anyị. Ọ maara nke ọma na ugbo agha "Aurora" na Japanese agha "Mikasa", na flagship nke Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. Bronepalubnaya "Aurora" na Tsushima tọhapụrụ ndị iro dị ka puku abụọ shells, na-enwe, n'aka nke ya, iri-na-otu hit. The ugbo agha nwere oké njọ mmebi, iri na isi na ndị òtù ya na ndi oru ugbo, gụnyere ọchịagha, Captain 1st n'usoro E. R. Egorev, e gburu, merụọ 83 ndị mmadụ ọzọ. Enweghị ike na-aga n'ihu, "Aurora" na ugbo agha "Oleg" na "Pearl" disarmed na Manila (Philippines). Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị agha ọkachamara, sonye Agha nke Tsushima, na-enye ndị ọzọ ihe mere ugbo agha "Aurora" ije ozi dị ka a ncheta karịa ama oghere gbara na October 1917.

Na obodo nke Yokosuka na-akwụ ụgwọ agha "Mikasa" dị ka ihe ngosi nka ụgbọ mmiri. Na ya n'ihi a nnọọ ogologo oge na Tsushima ncheta ẹkenịmde nzukọ nke lagoro ezumike nka, sonyere nke Russian-Japanese agha. The Japanese na-ezo aka a akụkọ ihe mere eme ncheta na a nnọọ ukwuu nsọpụrụ.

Memory nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na Tsushima

Nke 36 nkeji nke Russian skwodron na Vladivostok bịara atọ. Obi "Almaz" ebukọrọ "tara" na "obi ike." Kasị nke ụgbọ mmiri na 5000-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri hụrụ ebighi ọzọ na ala nke Korea Strait na agwaetiti nke Tsushima Dazhelet. Ili nke Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri ndị nwụrụ ọnyá ya n'agha, ka chekwara nke ọma site Japanese na Nagasaki. Na 1910, na St. Petersburg na ndị mmadụ ego na di ha nwụrụ onyinye snow-ọcha temple nzọputa on Waters e wuru, raara nye ndị ahụ tara nke Tsushima. Temple guzo nkenke, ruo n'etiti 30s. Russian-Japanese War, Agha nke Tsushima - abụọ okwu ga-anọgide ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na ebighị ebi ebe nchekwa nke ndị Russia.