Amonia ngwọta - nkwadebe na iji

Nitrogen (nitrogen) nwere ọtụtụ na ndị hydrogenous (hydrogen), nke kasị mkpa bụ nnukwu amonia. Na laabu na ọ na-akwado ya site na kpo oku a ngwakọta nke ammonium chloride na potassium hydroxide. Ruo mgbe mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19, na Chile nkwụnye ego nke sodium nitrate e weere naanị iyi nke nitrogen ogige. N'ihi nnyocha sayensị, chemists nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ nke ikuku nitrogen fixation e chọrọ. Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ cyanamide amonia njikọ usoro. Nke a na usoro dabeere na ihe onwunwe nke nitrogen tinyere na calcium carbamide. N'ihi nke a, ndị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ nitrogen na-gabiga calcium carbide:

N2 + CaC2 = CaCN2 + C

The na-enweta CaCN2 (calcium cyanide) nitrate na-eji dị ka fatịlaịza na oru ugbo. Ọ ga-kwuru na ọgwụgwọ nke a compound na uzuoku na-emepụta amonia:

CaCN2 + ZN20 = 2NH3 + CaC03

Amonia esichara acid na a nitrate nitrogen fatịlaịza. Na oge a na onwu nile ọzọ usoro nke inweta NH3 - ya njikọ nke nitrogen na nwụrụ:

1/2 N +3/2 H2 = NH3

amonia na-enweta a na-akpọ sịntetik. Industrial amonia njikọ bụ rụrụ na ọnụnọ nke a mkpali na na okpomọkụ nke 500 degrees.

Amonia - a gas nke nwere a pungent e ji mara isi, ọ bụ Mkpa ọkụ ka ikuku. NH3 ekwesịghị kuru maka a ogologo oge, n'ihi na ọ bụ na-egbu egbu. The gas bụ dịtụ mfe soluble na H2O. Lekwasị okenye amonia nwere 25% NH3.

Mgbe mma (na -79 ° C) ngwọta nke okenye amonia aghọ crystalline. Scientific ọmụmụ gosiri na isi uka nke NH3 na okenye ihe ngwọta bụ n'ụdị hydrated ụmụ irighiri (NH3 · nH2O) naanị a obere akụkụ nke etisasịwo amonia (banyere 0,5%) meghachi omume na mmiri:

NH3 + H2O = NH4 + + OH -

Alkaline mmeghachi omume nke amonia ngwọta n'ihi ọnụnọ nke hydroxide ion. Omenala amonia ngwọta na-họpụtara dị ka NH4OH. The alkalinity nke ngwọta mere site ọnụnọ nke a hydroxyl otu, nke na-kpụrụ dị ka a n'ihi nke dissociation nke ammonium hydroxide.

Amonia ngwọta a na-ewere na-adịghị ike isi. Na laboratories mgbe ụfọdụ amonia na-akwadebe site kpo oku ammonium chloride. Amonia bụ nnọọ ifịk chemical compound na mkpatụ na ọtụtụ bekee, mgbe na-egosi na mbenata Njirimara.

Amonia asakde na oxygen na ọnụnọ nke a greenish-odo oku, mgbe a na oxidized ka a free nitrogen. Mgbe ọnụnọ nke mkpali (platinum) · amonia ọxịdashọn na-aga ruo mgbe a nitrogen oxide. Mmeghari a na-eji usoro nke na-amị nitric acid. Ọ ga-kwuru na ọtụtụ ndị na-enweta amonia na-nọrọ na mmepụta nke nitrate fatịlaịza na nitric acid.

N'oge evaporation na -33,4 ° C mmiri mmiri NH3 si na gburugburu ebe obibi na-amịkọrọ a otutu okpomọkụ, ọ na-akpata jụrụ. Nke a ihe onwunwe bụ na ya iji na friji na usoro maka keakamere ice nchekwa nke emebi nri na ngwaahịa. Ọtụtụ mgbe mmiri mmiri amonia na-eji na-ewu nke ala owuwu. The amonia ngwọta na-eji na laabu omume, chemical ụlọ ọrụ, ezinụlọ ngwongwo, na na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.

amonia ngwọta ngwa. Eji dị pụtara n'ihi excitation na mwepụ nke respiration nke ọrịa na-ada mbà. Large kasịnụ nke NH3 nwere ike ime ka akụkụ okuku ume na njide. Mgbe ụfọdụ amonia ngwọta na-eji dị ka emetics (10 tụlee kwa 100 ml mmiri). Rịba ama na a na-emepụta ọgwụ nkwadebe nwere ike ọ bụghị etinyere topically na ọnụnọ nke ọrịa akpụkpọ (eczema, dermatitis). Ọ bụrụ na nsi amonia vapors dọkịta nye iwu acetate, citrate, tartrate (tartaric acid) na 1% ịta. Na ịwa omume iji amonia ngwọta (25 ml / 5 liter nke sie, na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri).