Guzobere, Akụkọ
Andrew Bogolyubskii: akụkọ ihe mere eme Eserese. Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii: n'oge ịchịisi, obere biography
Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba anyị, mgbe ahụ, ọ kọrọ a ma ama na ọgụgụ. On ụfọdụ ndị mara fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla, ma onye anyị na-amaghị ihe fọrọ ihe ọ bụla. Nso n'otu ha bụ na ndụ ha a oké mmetụta na mmepe nke Russia. Otu n'ime ndị a ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ Andrew Bogolyubskii. Historical Eserese ọ na-ekwu na ya bụ onye pụtara ìhè.
nchịkọta
Gịnị mere o ji dị mkpa n'ihi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba anyị na-eme n'ọdịnihu Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii? Historical Eserese na-ekwu na ọ bụ a isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ime mmụọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ na 1160-1170 afọ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghị nanị na mee ka ihe e kere eke nke a dị ike na Vladimir-Suzdal ihe gbasara onye isi (na mbụ saịtị nke Rostov ala nke nna nna ya, Vladimir Monomakh), ma na-tụgharịa na obodo nke Vladimir-on -Klyazme na etiti nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndụ ime mmụọ nke Russia. N'ihi ya, o enwe a "post" Kiev.
Omume nke onye-isi ka ya accession ocheeze nke Vladimir
The eziokwu na o mere na otú o biri Andrew Bogolyubskii (obere biography e nyere n'isiokwu a) ruo 1146, anyị na-amaghị nnọọ ihe. Ma, e nwekwara a pụrụ ịdabere na-akọ na mgbe 1130 ọ lụrụ nwa-nwayi a nobleman ikpo. Nke ikpeazụ ekpe ya akara ke akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ihi ịbụ onye nwe nnukwu ala ojiji tinyere bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke na Moscow River.
Nna-ya, Yuri Dolgoruky, mgbe niile chọrọ ibu eze na oche-eze nke Kiev. Na a ga-adaba adaba pretext anya n'ihu. Na 1146 Kiev a kpọrọ eze Izyaslav Mstislavovitch na-abịa Dolgoruky nwa nwanne. Ọ malitere a dị isi ike na-eme ihe ike agha, nke e gara bụghị naanị na ihe niile ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị agha Russia, ma, ọbụna ogwe osisi na Cumans, mgbe afiak okpu nditọ a ohere werekwa ego na na-esote ọgba aghara.
Yuri ugboro abụọ jisiri ike were obodo ahu, ma ugboro abụọ nwere ohere-achụpụ e. Naanị na 1155, mgbe Izyaslav nwụrụ (ikekwe na 1154), o jisiri akpatre nọrọ n'okpuru Kiev. Ya obi ụtọ ahụ adịteghị kwa ogologo: omume nke onye-isi onwe ya anwụọlarị na 1157. Andrei nile a afọ asatọ mgba egosiwo ugboro ugboro ya enweghị atụ obi ike. Agha ya talent na gbasara nyocha obi ihe karịrị otu ugboro mere ezi ọrụ nna-ya.
First anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị idaha
N'ihi na oge mbụ na-eto eto na Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii (obere biography jupụtara otú ahụ) n'ụzọ doro anya na-egosipụta onwe ke hotara na mbụ 1146, mgbe na Rostislav, nwanne ya nwoke, Prince Rostislav gara (Izyaslav mmekorita) nke ya isi obodo. Mgbe Dolgoruky ọzọ were Kiev, Andrew na-enweta a onyinye si n'aka ya Vyshgorod (nso Kiev).
Ke adianade do, o so nna ya na nkuzi megide Volyn obodo, bụ ọtụtụ Izyaslav. Na Lutsk, nke biri Vladimir (nwanne Izyaslav), ọ na-fọrọ nke nta gburu ugbua na 1149. Prince na otú ebu pụọ site mkpagbu nke ndị iro, nke galloped n'ebe ndị ikom ya. Ịnyịnya ya unan, si mgbidi obodo tụbara ya nkume, na ụfọdụ hefty druzhinnik Vladimir ama readied a ube eduat Andrei.
Peacekeeping Andrew
Mgbe nnọchibido nke Lutsk Izyaslav malitere kpee udo. Dị nnọọ n'ihi na Dolgoruky ntị echiche nke nwa-ya, ma ọ na-nnọọ nweghị mmasị na-enweghị isi esemokwu, udo nkwekorita e banyere.
Nanị otu afọ Izyaslav ọzọ ike ịbanye na Kiev n'ihi na eziokwu na ndị obodo dị na ya. Achụpụ Dolgoruky, Prince achọghị ịkwụsị e na kpebiri ịga n'ụlọ, ya na ụmụ ya. O kpebiri na-amalite na Rostislav, bụ onye nọ na oge buru eze na Pereyaslavl. Ma, m na-abịa na enyemaka nke nwanne ya nwoke Andru. Ha jisiri tinuous obodo. Dolgoruky nwekwara ọdụ n'ala na, na enyem-aka nke Prince Volodimirka, re-weghaara Kiev. Andrew e kenyere ya agbachitere na Peresopitse nke nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè na-echebe ókè-ala si Volyn.
Izyaslav zigara ya ndi-ozi na ntụziaka arịọ Nna maka onyinye nke nwa nwanne ya townships "nke Gorin." Ma, n'oge a, Andrew enweghị ike nro nna ya, bụ ndị nnọọ iwe Izyaslav. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-akpọ maka enyemaka ebo Ugric iche iche, site nke, na na-arụsi ọrụ ike aka nke ndị Kiev, otu ugboro ọzọ bụ ike na-ogologo ntachi obi obodo. Yuri manyere agbahapụ na Gorodets-Oster, ebe Andrew rutere obere oge.
imeri Dolgoruky
Na 1151, Yuri gara agha ọzọ, nke Andrew egosiwo na-adịghị ala obi ike karịa na nnọchibido nke Lutsk. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ihe niile n'efu, Dolgoruky agha, e meriri. Ọ na-egbochi na Pereyaslavl Izyaslav, ya mere a manyere iyi nwa nwanne ya na waives ya na-azọrọ na Kiev, na-ekwe nkwa a ọnwa na-aga Suzdal. Andrew, na ya hụrụ udo n'anya na omenala, gara ozugbo na ya mmasị Suzdal, ji obi ụtọ na-agwa nna ya ịhapụ nzuzu na-amaghị ihe agha, ma na-eso ihe nlereanya ya. Isi ike juri ka mere ọzọ mgbalị iji nweta a foothold na Kiev ụwa, ọ nọdụrụ ala na obodo, ma Izyaslav ọzọ mebiri na egwu mkpọrọ, jisiri nwanne nna ya na-ahapụ.
Arụ Suzdal ocheeze
Na 1152, Andrew ama abuana ke nna ya mkpọsa n'obodo Chernihiv. Ihe omume a bụ ihe pụrụ iche na Dolgoruky jisiri n'okpuru ya banner bụghị naanị a otutu Russian isi, ma na-na-ejikọ Polovtsian. Ma, obodo ahụ ekpokọtara na squad ike iwere dị ka Izyaslav Mstislavich wee nnapụta nke gburugburu. Mgbe na 1155, Yuri ka ike irigo ocheeze nke Kiev akpatre, ọ nọkwasịrị na ọbubu-eze nke Andrew na Vyshgorod. Ma nwa-isi mere na-amasị n'ebe ndị ahụ, kama n'ihi na ọ bụ na ike gwụrụ nke-adịghị agwụ agwụ esemokwu, na-enweghị uche nna ya gara Suzdal. Na ala nke osisi Andreya Bogolyubskogo dugara ntoputa nke a ọhụrụ na nnọọ dị ike ihe gbasara onye isi.
Greater eze (1157-1174)
Echeta ọbara na-ebibi agha n'ihi na ala, nke Mmetụta a nna ibido Andrew Bogolyubskii (ọbubu - na 1157 maka 1174) niile agha zitere ka e kere eke nke a siri ike ma dị n'otu alaeze. Around 1161 ọ na-ekwusi a na-enwe nsogbu a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke keobere Yurevich, ọ bụla nke chọrọ achị nanị ya.
Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ nāchupu ya nile tọrọ ụmụnna, nwunye Dolgoruky na a galaxy nke ndị ikwu ndị ọzọ na Byzantium, ebe ha chọta ebe mgbaba na-echebe site na Emperor Manuila m Komnina. Ke adianade do, Prince ụgbọala fọrọ nke nta niile boyars nke nna-ya, nke o doro anya na-ezo aka ná ịrịba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mgbanwe eme site na ha.
Relations na chọọchị
N'oge a, a kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ esemokwu na bishop nke Rostov Leon (m) nke, ebe onye-isi n'etiti 1159-1164 afọ ugboro abụọ chụpụrụ si n'obodo. Ihe kpatara nke ndị dị otú ahụ iro agụsi isi a ọzọ nsọ nsọ, na chọọchị, bishọp bụ ọchịchọ ịbanye Byzantine omume. A anụ ụlọ Politika Andreya Bogolyubskogo mgbe bụ a ọchịchọ-agbanwe obi.
Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere-ekpochapụ omenala nke Russian ọnọdụ na Wednesday na Friday, ma ọ bụrụ na na ụbọchị dara chọọchị ma ọ bụ a oké ezumike. Bishop megide ndị dị otú ahụ "nnwere onwe" fiercely mkpesa. Background utọk ahụ bụ kpọmkwem nke Church, ọ dịghị mkpa ka na-ahụ na ọ na iji aka elu nke-isi nke Byzantium: dị otú ahụ nke oge ahụ nọ na-agbasa nile Russia, ha etinye aka ọ bụghị nanị na Andrew Bogolyubskii. Nkenke n'ikwupụta, anyị nwere ike iche na ogo nke a atuaha ma nye a siri chọọchị-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnọdụ na Russia n'oge.
The eziokwu na Andrew na-kpọrọ kpebisiri ike ikewapụ Obodo Ukwu nke Kiev si Rostov. The isi chọrọ na-etinye na ya mmasị Rostov archdiocese, Bishop Feodortsa na-emegide iwu nke ọ bụghị nanị na Kiev, ma Rostov ndú chọọchị. N'ezie, Andrew e katọrọ Constantinople Onyeisi Luke Hrisoverga. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ịdị uchu na ezi obi na-ekere òkè Church Affairs Prince e nyere ikike maka nyefe nke obibi nke bishop na Vladimir.
Ma nke a ka e mere naanị na 1169. Ruru ụfọdụ nkọ nghọtahie na Feodortsem, Andrew Bogolyubskii eziga na na Kiev, ebe mbụ bishop brutally gburu.
mwube nke ebe obibi
Okomoko n'ezie Chineke mma nke dị n'ụlọ nsọ agbakọta mgbe o doro anya na-egosi na ndị ọzọ mma Chọọchị Ọtọdọks na-ekpere arụsị òtù nzuzo. Andrew Bogolyubskii wuru bụghị naanị chọọchị - o wuru a ike ntọala nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks na ha onwe ha ala.
Ke adianade do, ihe niile so mee ka ndị mmụta nke Rostov-Suzdal. Ọtụtụ mba ọzọ nnọchiteanya dị ka a dịkọrọ ndụ dere, "ma ịhụ istinnoe hristyanstvo na baptism." Nanị tinye, Andrew bụkwa a nkà onye ozi ala ọzọ so mee ka a oke mgbanwe ndị mmadụ na-na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks. The ụka na-kwuru. N'ihi ya, ihe osise ahụ Andreya Bogolyubskogo e weghaara na set nke oyiyi nke oge.
Ma, onyeisi bụ adịghị anụ ọkụ n'obi confessor, onye bi na iche n'ebe terrestrial omume. Nke mbụ, anyị na-ama kwuru mkpa nke ụlọ nsọ ndị na-akụziri. Nke abụọ, odida nke chọọchị a na mbụ undeveloped ala, Andrew mee ka ha n'ọrụ ndị na aku na uba na-eme. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na Templars n'ụzọ zuru okè anakọtara ụtụ isi, na-esi na ya site na ha ka nnọọ mma karịa ndị ọchịchị ụwa anya. N'ikpeazụ, jiri obi eziokwu ekele agbanwe akụkọ ihe mere eme.
Na Andrew Bogolyubskii, onye n'oge ọchịchị akara ọtụtụ ihe, mma na Rostov ihe gbasara onye isi nyere iwu emere n'ubọchi, nke were ifịk akụkụ mọnk nke mwere Katidral. E nwekwara arguable ọtụtụ ndị chere na ọ na-abuana ke e kere eke nke Charter of St. Vladimir, nke a ụbọchị bụ ihe ndabere nke ọtụtụ chọọchị na akwụkwọ.
Iwusi na ihe gbasara onye isi nke Vladimir
Ị na-eche na Andrew Bogolyubskii ahụ kpam kpam nke na-enweghị ike ambitions. N'ihi ya, na-elekwasị anya nke ọtụtụ ukpụhọde esie bụ ọdịnihu nke ịrị elu nke Vladimir ihe gbasara onye isi. All adịgide mkpa ebutere ya ike nke Novgorod na Kiev. Mgbe onyeisi, bụkwa a nkà ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, o jisiri aka dozie nsogbu na Ryazan isi, ma ha na-eme ya kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na ha jikọrọ aka, na-ekere òkè niile agha mkpọsa nke ihe gbasara onye isi nke Vladimir. Gbarụrụ na ihe ịga nke ọma, Andrew Bogolyubskii amalite nri igbochi na esịtidem omume nke otu nọọrọ onwe ha Novgorod, na-achọ ya ama nnọkwasị naanị ya mma-isi.
Mgbe na 1160 ocheeze Novgorod obodo ntà Svyatoslav Rostislavich, bụ onye ya onwe ọjọọ Vladmirskomu Prince, Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii ụmụ amaala zigara otu unequivocal ozi, sị: "ị maara: Achọrọ m anya ọma na etikwasị Novgorod." Novgorod ha juputara egwu okwu, otu ugboro chụpụrụ Svyatoslav wee nọdụ na ọchịchị Mstislav-abịa Andreyu Bogolyubskomu nwa nwanne. Ma na 1161 nna ya Svyatoslav ná mma na Andrew, na ọnụ ha na-ọzọ ịchị Novgorod n'agha onyeisi. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na osisi Andreya Bogolyubskogo dugara ya see okwu na ndịda isi ezi usmotrevshimi ya a kpọmkwem osompi ka ha onwe.
Mmụba nke ngalaba nke mmetụta
Site na njedebe nke 1160 na onyeisi ọdịmma gaa n'ebe dị anya gabiga n'ala-ya. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere a pụrụ iche nkwekọrịta, nke delimit ndị na ngalaba nke mmetụta n'etiti dị iche iche isi, na mberede mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, na preponderance nke ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ na-egosi na kara nke Vladimir ihe gbasara onye isi n'oge ọchịchị Rostislav Mstislavovitch Smolensk (nwa nwanne nna Andrew). Site na nke a mere eru Politika Andreya Bogolyubskogo.
March na Kiev
A siri ike ma nwee ahụmahụ agha na okpomọkụ were Kiev (Andrew Bogolyubskii obodo a ọtụtụ akụkọ) na 1169, na "n'eto Stolny" E zuuru kpochara. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị onye kwenyere na ndị Kiev, dị ka obere oge tupu ha otu ugboro ọzọ, a ọhụrụ ụka see. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na Metropolitan Constantine II iwu ọrụ nke Kiev-Pechora abbot of Polycarp, ndị na-akwado Andrew si kwesịrị ncheta "nche" utọk. Mgbe mmeri nke Kiev n'ocheeze ya e tinyere nwanne Andrew Gleb Yurievich. N'oge ahụ, n'ụzọ doro anya ọ kwuru eziokwu na Kiev aghọwo ebutere ka obodo. N'ihi ya, iwu Bogolyubsky mịpụtara mkpụrụ.
Novgorod mkpọsa
Na oyi 1169-1170, e na-eme a nkuzi megide Novgorod. Ọ ejikọrọ na nrutu nke ọdịmma nke abụọ isi na Dvina, nke n'oge ahụ ufiop colonialist mgbasa. Na agha nke Suzdal-Vladimir e meriri ndị agha. E nwere a akụkọ mgbe na Novgorod jisiri chebe naanị site na ọrụ ebube intercession nke agọzi Virgin Mary site na akara ngosi "ihe ịrịba ama". Na nsọpụrụ nke ihe omume a icon na-ese "The Battle nke Novgorod na Suzdal."
Otú ọ dị, Novgorod adịghị kwa na-enye aka. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge oyi 1171-1172 afọ, a manyere ha mara ike nke Prince Vladimir. Ọ ejikọrọ na eziokwu na ndị agha ya nọ nnọọ na-egbochi na ọkọnọ nke ọka si n'ebe ndịda. Na 1172 na Novgorod ocheeze e tinyere Yuri, nwa nke Andrew. Ikebịghike enye matara ike na Rostislavichi, kwubiri na Bogolyubsky agha jikọrọ aka. Ya mere, site na oge ndị mba ọzọ na Politika Andreya Bogolyubskogo aghọwo yiri nnọọ ka omume nke nna-ya, Yuriya Dolgorukogo.
Na nsogbu nke Board
Site na oge, na ókèala ndị Vladimir-Suzdal ihe gbasara onye isi amụbawo nke ukwu si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na-efu nke ala nke Volga Bulgaria (mgbe ibikwasị nke Gorodets-Radilov). Ke adianade do, mmụba ahụ bụ n'ihi na accession nke ugwu n'ókèala. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ike weghara Zavolochye (Dvina).
na-elekọta mmadụ iwu
Ekwu na emewo ka steeti a nke ọrụ ya Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Na-adịgide adịgide agha na gbasara ego obodo nsogbu mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na nke onye-isi mmekọrịta ama were iwe. Na na ọ na-echegbu bụghị naanị boyars nke Rostov, ma ndị kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi nke onye isi nke Vladimir, onye ọ kpọlitere serviceman klas. N'oge na-adịghị rekasịrị mmekọahụ Rostislavovich. Andrew mere a oké iwe na-ekwu na nwanne ya nwoke Gleb ọjọọ, ma na-akpọ aha ndị ụfọdụ nke Kiev boyars, onye tinyere aka na nke a. Prince Rostislav chọrọ inye kpọmkwem na oké iwe nke ndị mmadụ.
Ma ha hụrụ na ebubo nwere dịghị ezu mgbakwasị ya mere isi iji. Iwe, Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii nyere ha iwu ka ịdọrọ si obodo na nke ha na-na-achị ya. Prince Roman rubere isi, ma ndị ọzọ na-achị achị nọ iwe. Ha zitere a ozi Andrew, nke kwuru ozugbo na ya ezi àgwà kwupụta ya, ma dọrọ aka ná ntị na ha ga-aga na Prince Vladimir agha, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ka na-amanye ha ka ha na-erube isi.
E nweghị azịza. Mgbe ahụ Rostislavichi weghaara Kiev, chụpụrụ e Bogolyubsky nwanne, Vsevolod, wee nọdụ na ọchịchị nke nwanne ya nwoke Rurik. Nwanna nwoke ọzọ, Andrew, Michael, bụ onye na-nọchigide na Torchesk, mere na ha n'otu nkwekọrịta, ma n'otu oge ahụ chọrọ, na n'okpuru ogwe aka ya kpaliri Pereyaslavl.
Ịmụta ihe ndị a, ụmụnna zipụrụ Bogolyubskii Rostislavich nochite anya, onye ọzọ nyere ha ya iwu na-ahapụ obodo n'okpuru ha na-achị, na-aga "azụ n'ụlọ ya." Mgbe bụghị kechioma Mstislav, ndị tọchara nke ndị isi, bụ agba nkịtị na-atụ egwu na-ama jijiji, na Ya mere iwu iji kpụọ ozi nalyso na idet ya n'ajị agba. O nyere iwu na-ezitere Andrew: "Ya mere, dị nnọọ ka anyị na-asọpụrụ gị dị ka nna ... ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eziga m mgbe ndị dị otú ahụ okwu, otú a ka Chineke ga-ekpe ikpe anyị." Dịkọrọ ndụ Prince gbara akaebe na Bogolyubskii egwu iru-agba ọchịchịrị mgbe ọ nụrụ okwu ndị a na, na mgbe ahụ nyere iwu na-akpọkọta a nnukwu agha (50 puku) na-aga Mstislav Vyshgorod.
Social Eserese Andreya Bogolyubskogo na oge agbanweela mgbanwe: kama a-eme udo, ezi iwu pụtara ike na obi ọjọọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke niile doro anya na anya na atụmatụ nke ya overbearing nna. Na njedebe, ọ bụ ihe ọjọọ mmetụta na esịtidem omume nke ihe gbasara onye isi.
Loss nke mmetụta
Prince Andrew ka kpamkpam furu efu ya mmetụta na ndịda-achị achị. Ma, ndị na bụghị otú ezigbo: nanị otu afọ na onwunwe ha malitere ọgba aghara ndị a na-ọnwụ nke Kiev ocheeze, ma n'ihi Rostislavichi ziga ndi-ozi Bogoliubsky wee na-arịọ ya maka Kiev ebekpo Prince Roman. Ọ dịghị onye maara ihe gaara ndị mkparita uka, ma, oge Andrew Bogolyubskii, akụkọ ihe mere eme Eserese nke anyị nyere n'isiokwu a na-anwụ.
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