Antokolsky ọkpụ Mark Matveevich: biography, ezinụlọ, ọrụ

Isiokwu a ga-ekwu okwu banyere ọkpụ ANTOKOLSKY. Nwoke a bụ ma ama n'ihi na ya dị ịtụnanya e kere eke, nke na-hụrụ n'anya ọtụtụ. Dị ka Mark Matveevich bi, ihe ná ndụ ya? Azịza ajụjụ ndị a nwere ike dị na isiokwu.

nwata

Mark Matveevich Antokolsky mụrụ ke 1840, November 2nd. Aha nna ikom na-aga azụ ka aha nke a esịt Vilnius Antakalnis, ebe biri ezinụlọ ahụ dum. Mark nwere 8 ụmụnna. A mụrụ ha nile na a na ndị Juu ndị. Nne na nna biri nnọọ obi umeala, dị ka ndị mmadụ na-kama ogbenye. N'otu oge ahụ anya ugwo okpukpe. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị karịsịa mmasị na obere Mark, bụ onye si na nwata chere mmasị ịbịaru. Ebe ọ bụ na nwa okoro sere ihe ọ chọrọ, na ebe ọ chọrọ, ndị nne na nna siworo meghachi omume ya ahuhu na mbụ ejighị ya kpọrọ mgbe ahụ na-adịghị mma. Ma ihe kpatara ya bụ bụghị naanị na - na ha chọrọ ịhụ ụmụ ya na-ese. Otú o sina dị, ka oge na-aga, na nne na nna obi ịrọ arọ ka ha na-ele mgbalị nke nwa ya. Mgbe Mark toro o doro anya na nwere a talent maka ịbịaru, e zigara ya na-amụ ka osisi carvers. The Ihọd ngwa ngwa zụrụ azụ na anya ọbụna karịrị onye nkụzi ya. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, a nkà yuntse ama mara site na ọtụtụ ndị.

Future ọkpụ mmasị Antokolsky nwunye Wilna General V. Nazimova, bụ onye nyeere nwa talent. Ọ bụ ekele ya mkpebi siri na Relations Mark were na-amụ na Academy nke Arts. Ọ na-ekwe ka ibu a ọrụ afọ ofufo na a ọkpụkpụ na klas.

The mbụ ihe nweta

Ugbua na 1864 Mark Matveevich Antokolsky enweta a silver nrite maka elu enyemaka "Jew-ịkwa akwa" o kere. Mgbe ike na-arụ ọrụ nke afọ anọ Ihọd na-akawanye a ọlaedo award maka elu enyemaka akpọ "The miser."

Site n'ụzọ, mgbe a na-amụrụ na Academy nke Arts Ihọd n'ụzọ zuru okè mụtachara Russian asụsụ, nakwa dị ka ifịk mmasị Russian akwụkwọ na ihe mere eme. N'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa iji na-atụle na n'ụlọ ọ gwara Yiddish. Na mmasị site na Russian omenala, ọ na-emepụta a oyiyi nke "Ivan Grozny" na 1970, nke na-akpọlite ọ fọrọ nke nta na mbara igwe - a-eto eto ọkpụ Antokolsky natara aha academician na ya akwụkwọ. Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, onye bụ chi nke na Academy nke Arts, bịara enweghị atụ nye ụtọ na n'anya Mark ọrụ. Ọ bụ na ọ bụ ndị kwuru okwu banyere nkà nwa okorobịa na Emperor Alexander II, na nke ihe oyiyi nke na-emetụta nakwa. Ọ ọbụna kpebiri ịzụta ya maka hermitage ma na-etinye na-arụ ọrụ 8 puku rubles, nke n'oge ahụ a nnukwu ego.

okè oge

Antokolsky Mark Matveevich, onye biography anyị na-atụle, mgbe anyị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Academy kpebiri ịga Paris na Rome. Site n'ụzọ, na ụbọchị ndị ahụ ọ bụ na ọtụtụ na-agụsị akwụkwọ. Ya bụ, omume. E kweere na iji ka a mmadụ aka ịghọ ezigbo nna ukwu, ma nwee ike ime ka ihe dị ọhụrụ, ọ na-aghaghị ịhụ ọrụ nke kacha mma na-ese na mbụ na-emikpu onwe ha na omenala ikuku. Ncheta Peter 1 na Taganrog e tụụrụ ime ọkpụkpụ ọbụna n'oge ya ọzụzụ na Academy, ma ọrụ na ya, ọ malitere naanị na Rome. Parallel a, nwoke ghọrọ a kwekọrọ ekwekọ òtù nke Paris Academy. Ugbua na 1878 ọ na-egosi ya kacha mma kere na World ngosi ẹkenịmde ke Paris. Site n'ụzọ, Peter 1 ncheta ke Taganrog a na-ewere otu n'ime ndị kasị mma.

Ọkpụ Antokolsky natara kasị elu na o kwere omume award na Order nke Legion nke Honor. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, a nwoke a a kwekọrọ ekwekọ so ọtụtụ academies na Western Europe: London, Vienna, Berlin na ndị ọzọ.

mgbe e mesịrị afọ

Na 1889, a nwoke na-emepụta ihe oyiyi "Nestor na ihe ndị mere." 2 afọ mgbe e mesịrị ọkpụ enwezu abụọ ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ọrụ: ihe oyiyi nke e ji ọla kọpa "Ermak" na majolica "Yaroslav Mudry."

Ke adianade ọkpụkpụ, Mak dere ọtụtụ na-adịbeghị anya. Ya isiokwu on art bipụtara a dịgasị iche iche nke magazin na Europe. Na 1887, o bipụtara ya "autobiography", na obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya, o dere, nchụàjà "Ben-Isaac" onye tinyere ndụ ya ndị Juu.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke oké nwoke akwụkwọ e bipụtara "Mark Matveevich Antokolsky. Ya ndụ, ọrụ, akwụkwọ ozi na-esonụ. "

Antokolsky akpa ke Frankfurt am Main, ma ụfọdụ na-ekwu na o nyefere na mbara igwe n'obodo Bad Homburg. E liri ya na nnwogha nke ndị Juu na-eli ozu na St. Petersburg. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na nwata nwoke nọ a kwere ekwe, gịnị nọgidere n'ihi na ike nke ya, ụbọchị ya, na-edebe ihe ndị omenala nke okpukpe ndị Juu. The okuteili na-mma na oyiyi nke Torah akwụkwọ mpịakọta ahụ, menorah na Star nke David.

ezinụlọ

Ma ezinụlọ, ọkpụ enweghị nwunye ma ọ bụ ụmụ. Ya na ezinụlọ ya na-ewere dị ka nwa nwanne Elena Tarhanova, onye bụkwa onye na-ese. The nwaanyị lụrụ a ma ama physiologist Ivanom Tarhanovym. Na Antokolsky ha ikwu mmụọ, n'ihi ya, ọ na-mgbe nọgidere na-eleta, ọnụ nwetara a okike nsogbu.

na-akpali eziokwu

Ọkpụkpụ akara antokolsky nnọọ ama. Ndị dị otú ahụ a nkà nwoke nwere ọtụtụ na-eso ụzọ. Abụọ n'ime ha - na ọ bụ Boris Schatz na Ilya Ginzburg.

The mbụ Russian-mere ọkpụkpụ, nke e zụtara na West - na-arụ ọrụ Antokolsky "Tsar Ivan Vasilievich egwu." Enwetara ọrụ bụ na Kensington Museum.

Na Jeruselem bụ a n'okporo ámá nke a na-aha ya bụ mgbe Antokolsky.

"Ermak" na "Ivan Grozny"

Tụlee otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị akpali ọkpụkpụ akara antokolsky - "Ermak". Mbụ, ka anyị na-ekwu na ọlu nile nke ọkpụkpụ gburu ke ẹbọ nke nsiridi, na ihe mere na ha bụ otú mara mma. Na mgbakwunye, anyị na-arịba ama na nkenke ma doo anya nke ndị o kere eke. Ọrụ na "Ermak" Antokolsky malitere na 1881. Ermak Timofeevich - n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Mara Cossack onyeisi emi ada mmeri nke Siberia maka Russian ala. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na Mark, bụ onye nnọọ mmasị Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme, dọtara Ermak ọgụgụ. Na echiche nke ya ka gbara akwụkwọ a gburugburu ụbọchị - na tercentenary nke mmeri nke Siberia. "Top" abịawo n'otu oge na eze nyere ike a ọkpụkpụ.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na na akwụkwọ e nwere ọtụtụ ihe nkowa nke dike, Antokolsky chọrọ ibuga a doro anya image, na-egosi mmetụta uche. Tupu ya bụ a ọrụ ike ihe oyiyi ahụ ga-anọchi anya ike nke mmụọ nke dum Russian ndị mmadụ. N'ụzọ na-eju, Mark Matveevich n'ezie jisiri recreate ya niile na ọdịdị ihu na atụmatụ nke a otu onye. A nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke a nwoke na-amasị ya size na ike. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na warrior agha mere na oké ziri ezi na akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ ezigbo ya. A otutu oge na mgbalị dị nọrọ na ihe e kere eke nke a magburu onwe ya ọkpụkpụ, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa ya.

Oyiyi "Ivan Grozny" bụ ndị mbụ bụ isi na-arụ ọrụ nke mmadụ. Nke a kere eke na-rụrụ pụrụ iche ntị zuru ezu. Eze na-anọdụ a elu ebekpo, n'ubu-ya kpuchie a adụ uwe, na n'ụkwụ ya - na ike karịrị mba ahụ dum. Ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya otú n'otu ọkpụkpụ Marc Antokolsky ike ziputa fọrọ nke nta niile nwere ahụmahụ ndị mmadụ na nke ahụ bụ dị ya mkpa. N'oge ọchịchị ya, eze na-aga site nke ukwuu, ihe mere o ji n'oge agadi ya bụ ụjọ. Otú ọ dị, eze bụ nnọọ ike ekweta mmejọ ha, na n'ihi na ọ na-weturu azụ, na-eme ka ọ dị ka a surly agadi nwoke. N'agbanyeghị mmata nke mmehie ya, ọ na-apụghị ịrịọ mgbaghara, ya mere na ọ na-aghọ ọbụna karị.

Mark Matveevich Antokolsky: "Ọnwụ nke Socrates"

The echiche a mụrụ site na-ede akwụkwọ na 1874. Ọ maara na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrụ nke Onye Okike na-jupụtara n'ime ejije, karịsịa akpụ nke oge ochie na-eche echiche. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ e kere 1877.

Socrates ama a nhọrọ: jụ echiche ya ma ọ bụ nwụọ. Edemede họọrọ ebe nke abụọ ụzọ. The ọrụ nke ọkpụkpụ bụ gosi na a persistent ikpochapu nke ndụ na omume ịdị ukwuu nke feat. Site Mark Matveevich kwuru na ya chọrọ ka ike a ọkpụkpụ na oge nke ọnwụ nke Socrates, gosi na oké ọdachi nke otú ndị mmadụ ịnwụ maka echiche ha.

Anyị na-ekwu banyere ndụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọkpụ Antokolsky. Ụzọ ya site na ndụ jupụtara bụghị naanị ẹkenemede, kamakwa ihe mgbochi. N'agbanyeghị ụfọdụ na-alụ ọgụ, a nwoke isi ike gara n'ihu ma na-eme ihe ị hụrụ n'anya, na-eweta ya okè.