Armored ugbo agha "Rurik" (1892). Ụgbọ mmiri nke Russian Imperial Navy

Russian ugbo agha "Rurik" bịara mara n'ụwa ekele ihe ahaghị agha na Korean Gulf n'oge Russian-Japanese agha. Gbara gburugburu arụ ọrụ kpebiri imi ụgbọ mmiri, nke mere na ọ bụghị wee na iro. Tupu mmeri na Korean Bay ugbo agha jisiri maka ọnwa gbapụ agha nke Japanese nsoro, na-abịa ịwakpo si Vladivostok.

mwube

Onye ama ama armored ugbo agha "Rurik" bụ brainchild nke Baltic osisi. Nke a ụgbọ mmiri na e kere okpomọkụ nke a agha agbụrụ na British agha mmiri. The ụgbọ mmiri e kwesịrị ịbụ a kwesịrị analogue of English ngwa ngwa mgbere "Blake." Na 1888, ndị Baltic osisi ndị injinịa chọrọ a draft oru ngo Admiral Chikhacheva na Naval ụzụ Committee (ITC).

Draft oru ngo-a redesigned. N'ọdịnihu MTK ugbo agha "Rurik" bibie ụfọdụ imewe flaws na teknuzu akụrụngwa. The nghọta e mma site Emperor Alexander III. Construction malitere na May 19, 1890. Mgbe afọ abụọ nke na-arụ ọrụ Baltic ano kwadebere ugbo agha "Rurik". Ọ na oru na 1892, na 1895, ụgbọ mmiri e tinyere n'olu.

Ọ na-e chere na ụgbọ mmiri ga-akpa na usoro nke yiri mgbere. Wuru mgbe "Stormbreaker" na "Russia" abụghị ndị ejima ụmụnna, na mgbanwe (na ụba Ndahie). -Akpali mmasị, "Rurik" ugbo agha e mere ka a nwere interceptor British ahịa ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ e kwesịrị ịbụ otú mee na ihe omume nke agha na Great Britain. Ke adianade do, okwu nke akwụkwọ bụ chọrọ ike a ụgbọala nke nwere ike ime site Baltic Oké Osimiri na Far East enweghị nwere gbanye mmanu na coal. Iji gaa na nke a ụzọ, na-arụ ọrụ nwere iji ụgbọ mmiri gburugburu n'ebe ndịda oké osimiri na fọrọ nke nta niile Eurasia.

Na Pacific Fleet

Fọrọ nke nta ozugbo mgbe ugbo agha "Rurik" e wuru, na Navy kpebiri tụba ya Pacific Ocean. Nke a redeployment e jikọtara ya na escalation nke erughị ala na Far East. The ebe nke aha nke ọhụrụ ụgbọ ahụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Vladivostok. Aghọta esemokwu na United Alaeze emeghị.

Kama nke ahụ, na February 1904 na Russian-Japanese agha. N'oge a, "Rurik", dị ka na mbụ, nọ na Vladivostok. Sotere iji gaa n'oké osimiri na-eti na Sino-Japanese ahia na mmiri iga. Aga oké osimiri mmiri gbanwere salutes na obodo. Ha na-eso ìgwè mmadụ nke ndị nkịtị. The isi ọrụ nke skwodron, nke na mgbakwunye na nke "Rurik" gụnyere "Bogatyr", "Russia" na "Stormbreaker", bụ a ndọpụ uche Japanese agha. Ọ bụrụ na onye iro nsoro e kewara, mgbe ahụ, na-echebe ebe ewusiri ike nke Port Arthur ga-adịrị gị mfe.

"Rurik", na-eme n'Oké Osimiri nke Japan, bụ ibibi ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu agha na agha ibu, ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ụgbọ mmiri na-emi odude ke bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke ndị iro ụlọ. Ka ugbo agha bụ budata ochie eme ibugo onu pụrụ ịbụ naanị dum otu kama n'otu n'otu. Vladivostok skwodron laghachi naanị maka na-adọba ụgbọala, dị mkpa idochi ọkọnọ agba si.

The mbụ mkpọsa

The njem mbụ ugbo agha see Tsugaru Strait. Ọ e zubere na-esote iche ga-ebibi obodo nke Wonsan (oge a Wonsan). Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ nke a ụgbọ mmiri na-ejide na a oké ifufe. Ebe ọ bụ na oyi na kalenda, na mmiri na odụk egbe, n'oge na-adịghị na ọ tụgharịrị ice. N'ihi nke a, ndị skwodron ghọrọ ekwesighi maka ihe. Weather na ihu igwe na ọnọdụ n'ezie ndị kasị mma. Iji ahapụ Vladivostok mgbere aghaghị ichere maka icebreaker ga-emeghe ụzọ ha site na friji n'ọnụ mmiri.

Nke ahụ bụ ihe mgbaka mere ka Russian ọchịchị na-a Chinese wusiri ike nke Port Arthur. Ya na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-adịghị oyi. Putara ighe mkpa na-adaba adaba Port Arthur chọrọ iji na-enweta Japanese. The obodo na na ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị na ya na-egbochi. Skwodron "Rurik" nwere na-achụsakwa ndị agha bụ ndị iro iji belata ọnọdụ nke na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ruo mgbe reinforcements bu mmiri nke Baltic Fleet. N'ihi icing egbe squad ọ laghachiri nkenke ka Vladivostok.

nchedo Vladivostok

rụziri "Rurik" The n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọkachamara mmalite. Ugbo agha (ụdị nke e armored) replenished oriri, na ọ ọzọ see ụzọ. The abụọ mkpọsa. e nweghị Japanese ụgbọ mmiri n'oké osimiri. Ma, ọbụna nke a njem nke Russian skwodron amanye ndị iro itu akụkụ nke ha agha ka egwu tụọ ndị Russian.

Na March, onye iro skwodron, hapụrụ Yellow Sea n'ebe n'àgwàetiti Askold na Peter Ukwu Bay nso Vladivostok. Na unit bụ ọhụrụ Japanese ụlọ elu ugbo agha "Azuma", "Izumo", "Yakumo" na "Iwate". Ha na-esonyere a ole na ole ìhè ụgbọ mmiri. The skwodron amụ ihe ọkụ na Vladivostok. The shells ama obodo bụ, ma ndị mmadụ na-a obere egwu. "Rurik" dọlitekwara arịlịka na mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'ime nkeji iri mgbe mbụ gbaa dara. Na n'ọnụ mmiri e nwere ndị ice. Ha gbochie ngwa ụzọ ọpụpụ si n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. mgbere detachment nọ Ussuri Bay na a mgbe Japanese ama ekpe na ọnọdụ ha. Mgbede, na ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe ọzọ orú na iri, na hụrụ onye iro na mmiri na kwụsịrị. Ke adianade do, na Vladivostok malitere ịtụ egwu na Japanese ebe nso ekpe m.

ịma aka ndị ọhụrụ

Odida nke n'ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke agha mere ka ndị ọrụ ntụgharị na management nke nsoro. The tsarist Gọọmenti họpụtara ọchịagha nke Admiral Makarov. O setịpụrụ tupu "Rurik" na ya skwodron nke ịma aka ndị ọhụrụ. Ọ na-e kpebiri ịhapụ atụmatụ nke raids na Japanese n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Kama, "Rurik" ugbu a iji gbochie nyefe nke onye iro agha na Wonsan. Nke a Korean mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri bụ a Japanese beachhead, si n'ebe malitere ala arụmọrụ.

Makarov ekwe ka na-aga oké osimiri na ihe ọ bụla mejupụtara (ma ọ nsoro ma ọ bụ onye ugbo ala). O chere na ndabere nke eziokwu na Russian ngwá agha ọzọ dị ike ma dị irè karịa Japanese. Admiral bụ ihe ọjọọ. Shapkozakidatelskie ọnọdụ na Russia na Iv nke agha bụ juru ebe nile. Japanese na ndị mmadụ anaghị aghọta ihe dị oké njọ na-emegide.

The aku na uba nke a Asia mba ruo ogologo oge nọgidere na-akpa iche. Ọ bụ naanị na-adịbeghị anya na Tokyo malitere ịmanye mgbanwe na ndị agha na agha mmiri. New agha na-wuru na Western European nlereanya. Equipment e zụtara ka mba ọzọ, na na nke kacha mma mma. The Japanese aka na Far East ke Moscow lere anya n'ala, n'ịtụle Japanese upstarts. Ọ bụ n'ihi na nke a akpachapụghị àgwà na furu efu dum agha. Ma n'ihi na ugbu a, atụmanya edoghị anya, n'isi ụlọ ọrụ olileanya maka ndị kasị mma na obi ike nke Russian akwọ ụgbọ mmiri.

red azụ asa

Ihe karịrị otu ọnwa, "Rurik" bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ka ọ dịgodị, Admiral Makarov e gburu nso Port Arthur. Ọ bụ na agha "Petropavlovsk", ala na a ala nke m. Japanese High Command kpebiri na mgbe mwute na ọnwụ nke Admiral Russian maka a ogologo oge na-gbapụta nke gbara ya gburugburu Port Arthur. Ya mere, na Tokyo nyere iwu etipịa ìgwè ahụ, dabere na Vladivostok.

N'oge a, "Rurik" ọzọ wee maa ụlọikwuu. N'oge a, ndị skwodron kpaliri ke ntụziaka nke Japanese obodo nke Hakodate. Na oké osimiri, ọ na-ejide a iga arịa, nke e mikpuru site a torpedo, nke malitere "Russia." Ndị mkpọrọ ahụ gwara ya na nso bụ a skwodron nke Admiral Kamimura. Mgbe ahụ Russian mmiri tụgharịa azụ Vladivostok, ma ọ bụghị ruru Hakodate. Site a kechioma oge, oge a ìgwè zutere. Kamimura mmiri ahụ dị ike karịa ndị Russian, nke pụrụ iduga a kwuo mmeri.

Ma ọbụna na nke a precarious "Rurik" ọnọdụ ọma ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ. Vladivostok skwodron nwere ka ibugharịa akụkụ nke agha bụ ndị iro si Port Arthur. Ebe ọ bụ na April Kamimura mmiri na-agaghịkwa ekpe Osimiri Japan, nke bụ naanị n'aka ndị Russia. Na May, ihe ndabara ọjọọ ukem ini, na ugbo agha "Hercules" nwere ihe ọghọm, lie ya ọnụ ọnụ ugwu nke Cape Bruce. Na mgbe ihe na skwodron ekpe atọ ụgbọ mmiri.

Ọgụ na Straits of Shimonoseki

N'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke spring 1904 atọ mgbere ọzọ wee banye ọgụ igwu mmiri. Tupu ha abanye Strait nke Shimonoseki, ha sụọ ngọngọ n'elu Japanese ụgbọ mmiri. Radio rụọ nkà etinye radio nnyonye anya, n'ihi na nke nke onye-iro na-enweghị ike faịlụ a na-ata ahụhụ na-akpọ Admiral Kamimura. Japanese mmiri agbasasịkwa. Na ụtụtụ, igirigi na mmiri patrol ugbo agha "Tsushima".

The ụgbọ mmiri gbalịrị ịgbapụ na iru n'ikperé mmiri. Ọ malitere a n'ozuzu na-achụ. Russian skwodron ike ịnwata ndị ụgbọ ụgbọ mmiri "Izumo Maru." Ọ na-e mikpuru mgbe onye na-ufiop bombardment. Site ship anya banyere otu narị mmadụ. The ọzọ na-egwu mmiri dị iche iche ntụziaka. Mkpocha "Rurik" na "Russia" kpebiri na ha agaghị iche "Gromoboya" na kwụsịrị ndị na-achụ.

N'ọnụ ụzọ ndị Strait nke Shimonoseki udo ọzọ iro ugbo ala. The ụgbọ mmiri ọbụna gbalịrị gaa Ram "Gromoboya," ma ọ dịghị ihe bịara ya. Ọ gbara na ebe oghere nso na n'ikpeazụ ekpochapụ site a torpedo. Ụgbọ mmiri kpuo. Ọ bụ ihe a na puku ndị agha na iri na asatọ ike howitzers, nke Japanese na-aga na-eji maka nnọchibido nke Port Arthur. Ọnọdụ gbara ya gburugburu obodo ahụ na-aka njọ. Na ọnọdụ ndị a, ihe Vladivostok skwodron fọrọ nke nta mgbe hapụrụ oké osimiri, na ọ bụrụ na ị kwụsị na n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, na iji ngwa ngwa restock. Oge ịrụzi na-eji dochie eyi akụkụ abụghị.

ikpeazụ nsogbu

Mgbe ọtụtụ achịkwa August 14, 1904 na ugbo agha "Russia", "Stormbreaker" na "Rurik" akpatre chere ihu Japanese nsoro. E nwere isii ụgbọ mmiri. Ha outnumbered na Russian Court agha nchebe na firepower. Vladivostok detachment gara enyemaka mmiri na-agbalị imebi nke encirclement na Port Arthur.

Japanese egbe na-firing ọnụego na ike karịa 4-anọghị n'ogige atụrụ. Nke a ruru kpebisiri ike ihe ndị dị mwute agha. Ná mmalite nke nkukota, o doro anya na onye iro nwere uru. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-kpebiri ịlaghachi na ụgbọ mmiri na mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Vladivostok. Mee nke a bụ ekwe omume. The egbe nke ugbo agha "Rurik" nwara ime ka onye iro n'ebe dị anya, ma mgbe a na-na-iji volley ship nri nwetara a dị ize ndụ onu.

N'ihi na nke na-ada kwụsịrị iji rụọ n'iru wheel, akara furu efu. The gushing mmiri compartments. N'iru tiller na ọnwụ na-submerged na otu awa. The pupụtara na-nnukota onu, n'ihi na nke ihe arụ ọrụ n'ụgbọ mmiri wee na-enweghị enyemaka njigide ọnọdụ. ụgbọ mmiri na-agba aka iso ibelata, ọ bụ ezie na o nwere na aga na N'ezie. "Rurik" (ugbo agha, 1892) malitere lag n'azụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ nke skwodron. Anya ụba nwayọọ nwayọọ n'etiti ha.

gbara gburugburu

Na Korea Strait Russian skwodron bịara n'okpuru iwu nke Karl Jessen. Mgbe onyeisi ghọtara na ihe bụ ihe ọjọọ, o nyere iwu, "Russian" na "Stormbreaker" cover "Rurik" site Japanese ọkụ. Diversionary tactic owụt nweghị. The crews ndị a ụgbọ mmiri na ahụhụ arọ losses. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na ndị ọrụ nche akpa n'okpuru oké iro ọkụ.

N'ihi nke a, "Russia" na "Stormbreaker" na-amanye ahapụ Korean Strait. Akpa, Jesse olileanya na Japanese armored mgbere, na-anọchite anya ndị kasị ukwuu ize ndụ, na-achụ nke flagship na-ahapụ "Rurik" naanị ya. Gun ship nwere ike ichebe ya si ọgụ nke akpa ume arịa. Ọ bụrụ na ndị otu ngwa ngwa gbazie na mmebi, na ugbo agha ga-enwe ike ịnọgide na-na njem ha azụ n'ụlọ ma ọ bụ ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ na-aga kwupụta Korean n'ụsọ oké osimiri.

The Japanese n'ezie ọsọ mgbe "Russia". Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ bụ enweghị ike nke Imperial Navy mmiri mpaghara, laghachiri n'ọgbọ agha. N'oge a, "Rurik" nọ na-agbalị na-awụgharị ma na-iguzogide, ọ bụ ezie na n'ihi imebi ya firepower budata ebelatawo. Mgbe ahụ butere nwara ebule ahụ na Japanese mmiri nke ìhè. Ndị ike ịgbanahụ na dị ka a akpachara anya kpaliri ihe karịrị anya. All ha ahapụwo, n'ihi ya, ọ bụ na-echere ruo mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na-amalite ka o kpuo gbara gburugburu, na ọnwụ nke ugbo agha "Rurik" ga-abụ apụghị izere ezere. N'ikpeazụ Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-ulo oru a torpedo ndị iro si ikpeazụ ọkọbọhọde nke torpedo tube. Otú ọ dị, iche na agha tighị.

Order Ivanov iri na atọ

Ná mmalite nke agha nwụrụ isi "Rurik" Evgeny Trusov. Gburu ma a agadi mara onye e kwesịrị dochie ya. A ngụkọta nke 800 ndị e gburu na a otu nke 200, na 300 merụrụ ahụ. The ikpeazụ ndụ agadi mara pụtara Konstantin Ivanov. Ná ngwụsị nke a ise-hour agha, mgbe pụta ama doro anya, na mmadụ weere iwu.

Ka ọ dịgodị, Japanese malite inye n'ókè na ha dị njikere ịnabata kwenye nke onye iro. Skwodron nyere n'iwu site Admiral Kamimura Hikonodzo. O nnọọ si ịchụso "Russia" na "Gromoboya" na ugbu a na-eche ka a omume gburugburu na ndi oru ugbo. Mgbe John ghọtara na nile na-eguzogide n'aka e ndikpa mba, o nyere iwu imi n'ụgbọ mmiri. Abụkarị Russian nsoro na-eji maka nke a, pụrụ iche ebubo, nke ọtụtụ ndị ghara ikwe na arịa. Ma, n'oge a na ha mebiri. Mgbe ahụ arụ ọrụ kpebiri imeghe Kingston - pụrụ iche valves. Mgbe ahụ mmiri wụsara n'ime ụgbọ mmiri usoro ike. "Rurik" (ugbo agha 1892) ngwa ngwa mikpuru, capsized, mbụ na-ekpe, na mgbe ahụ kpam kpam n'okpuru mmiri.

Feat na ebube ugbo agha

Russia furu efu Russian-Japanese agha, ma ndị agha ya na agha mmiri re n'ụwa nile egosiwo obi ike ha na-asọpụrụ ọrụ. Na Korea Strait ugbo agha "Rurik" collided na ụgbọ mmiri na ndị na-ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ nke oge a na ndị ọzọ dị ike karịa ya. Gharazie ịba uru Ụgbọ na ndị ogbenye na-agha, Otú ọ dị, were ndị agha. Feat ugbo agha "Rurik" e ụmụnna obi ụtọ ọ bụghị nanị na na ma n'ụlọ ma na mba ọzọ, na ọbụna na Japan.

Konstantin Ivanov ojii na ya arụ ọrụ na-eyi nọmba 13. Ọ bụ a naval omenala na n'ebe ndị namesakes. Mgbe agha na-alọta n'ala nna ya, ọ na e ọdịda ọtụtụ enọ (dị ka ihe niile ya comrades). Eze Ukwu, na-anụ ihe nke ya ụlọ, ya kasị elu iwu gbanwere aha nke mara. Konstantin Ivanov Konstantin Ivanov ghọrọ iri na atọ. Taa, Russian agha mmiri na-aga n'ihu na-echeta heroism na ikwesị ntụkwasị obi jeere nke ugbo agha. Ọ bụ na-akpali na na 1890 ụgbọ mmiri na-eje ozi dị ka osote onyeisi ndị na-eche nche Alexander Kolchak. Ọtụtụ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye ochiagha, na mgbe ahụ - otu n'ime ndị ndú nke White ije na isi na-emegide nke ọhụrụ Bolshevik ọchịchị.

Na 1906, ndị ugbo agha "Rurik 2" na oru. Ọ kpọ aha-ya na nsọpụrụ nke ya ụzọ, idei mmiri n'oge Russian-Japanese agha. The ụgbọ mmiri ghọrọ flagship nke Baltic Fleet. The ugbo agha "Rurik 2" wee akụkụ ke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, na-eduga mgbe nile ọku na German n'ụlọikpe. Nke a ụgbọ mmiri na-gburu. Ọ kụrụ a nke m 20 November 1916 ụsọ oké osimiri nke Gotland.