Comparative-akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro mmụta asụsụ

Historical ihe ọmụma nke usoro na-agụnye iche iche iche iche. Site ụzọ dị iche iche na-rụrụ cognition phenomena n'otu ogo ma ọ bụ ọzọ.

Comparative-akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro - ọ bụ a usoro nkà mmụta sayensị, nke a kpebisiri ike na-eji "general" na "pụrụ iche" na phenomena. Na ya ga-amarakwa dị iche iche nkebi na mmepe nke abụọ dị iche iche ma ọ bụ otu n'ime otu onu.

Comparative-akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro na-eme ka o kwe omume ka a mata na tụnyere mgbanwe ahụ mere na mmepe nke ihe ọmụmụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka a mata ebe maka inwekwu ọganihu.

Ọkachamara were ọtụtụ subspecies nke usoro nke cognition. Ya mere, e nwere a comparative comparative usoro (ekpughe ọdịdị nke ihe), akụkọ ihe mere eme na typological (kọwara na okwu nke ọnọdụ nke mmepe na Jenesis nke myirịta nke phenomena bụghị metụtara mụrụ), akụkọ ihe mere eme na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (tụlee ma mata myirịta dabeere na kinship site si). Na dịpụrụ adịpụ dị ka ụzọ nke maara, na nke na-eme atụmatụ ibe mmetụta nke dị iche iche phenomena.

Comparative-akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro bụ a set nke usoro site nke na-egosi na mmekọrịta nke ụfọdụ asụsụ ma weghachi eziokwu si akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ha na mmepe. Ọ e kere otú a nke ihe ọmụma na narị afọ nke 19. Ya founders bụ pụtara ìhè ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị (Alexander Vostokov, Jacob Grimm, Franz Bopp, Rasmus Rusk).

Ụfọdụ asụsụ pụrụ iyi yiri okwu. Nke a bụ n'ihi agbaziri. E nwere ndị na-anaghị agafe site na otu asụsụ ọzọ. A na-agụnye ihe atụ, adjectives na ịpụta ndị kasị mfe-iriba-ama, aha akụkụ ahụ na na. The njedebe nke inflected okwu site na otu asụsụ ọzọ na-adịghị akpụ akpụ. Otú ọ dị, mgbe mgbe, yiri. Dị ka ndị nnyocha, ihe kpatara ya bụ na ndị a bụ ọgwụgwụ N'ihi nke mmepe nke onye nke a okwu, mgbe ha onwe ha bụ asụsụ ha na-adị, bụ ụmụ nke "proto-asụsụ".

Comparative-akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro na-agụnye ọtụtụ ụzọ nke nchọpụta.

Ọtụtụ mgbe na-eji na n'ikuku nke mba ọzọ nwughari. Ọ na-anọchi anya njirimara nke genetically yiri okwu na morphemes yiri asụsụ. N'otu oge ahụ, ha hụrụ na ihe mgbe nile mgbanwe ụda nke isi iyi asụsụ. Ke adianade do, ọ na-eji a usoro iwu a nlereanya nke a hypothetical nne na nna asụsụ na iwu nke ndọrọ ego nke ụfọdụ morphemes na ụmụ. Mgbe ị na-azọpụta nnọọ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke yiri morphemes na bụghị nnọọ mgbagwoju anya phonetic akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ ndị pụta ụda mgbanwe eme ka correspondences n'etiti yiri asụsụ. N'ọnọdụ ọzọ, njirimara nke ụda mgbanwe bụ nanị kwe omume ke nwughari nke etiti nkebi nke development. Na nke a proto mụọ dị iche iche na subgroups na ezinụlọ asụsụ.

Ọ na-eji dị ka n'ikuku esịtidem nwughari. Na nke a, na-ekpughe na Ọdịdị nke asụsụ-kpọmkwem oke na phenomena na-egosi nnọọ na e nwere ụfọdụ mmiri nke usoro ná mmalite nkebi nke ya mmepe.

E nwere a usoro nke comparative analysis of biiri okwu.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, na-eme nnyocha amịpụtara ọmụma si nchekwa data nke ebe aha. The image nwughari nchegbu n'akụkụ niile asụsụ usoro: morphonology, phonology, lexical, morphological, syntax (ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ). Ọnụ na a ewepụtara ụdị-apụghị apụta ozugbo proto n'ezie adị. Gụrụ akwụkwọ nwughari-egosipụta nanị ihe ọmụma banyere ya, nke ga-apụghị izere ezere na-ezughị ezu, n'ihi na enweghi ike recreate phonemic mmegide, mgbọrọgwụ, wdg, okụrede niile ụdi asụsụ.