Corrosion na-eguzogide ígwè. Steel akara ule: GOST. Igwe anaghị agba nchara - price

Kwa afo ruru ka corrosion furu efu a otutu metal. Otú ọ dị, ọbụna ihe ka ukwuu mmebi a na-eme ka ọdịda nke metal ngwaahịa dị ka a n'ihi nke corrosion agha. Akwụ ụgwọ chọrọ maka akụkụ ndochi ma ọ bụ mmezi ngwá, ụgbọ ala, oké osimiri na osimiri nile, na ngwá na-eji na chemical ụlọ ọrụ, ọtụtụ ugboro elu karịa ndị na-eri ihe na gara ha mmepụta.

E nwekwara ịrịba anọ losses. Iji ndị na-agụnye ihe atụ, leakage nke gas ma ọ bụ mmanụ si a corroded pipeline, nri spoilage, mbibi nke ụlọ owuwu na ndị ọzọ. Ya mere, akara metal corrosion bụ paramount.

Gịnị bụ mbibi nke dara ihe?

Tupu mbịne ajụjụ nke ihe a corrosion na-eguzogide ígwè, ka obibi echiche nke corrosion na ọdịdị zuru oke nke usoro.

Si sụgharịa Latin corroder - corrosive. Jiri n'amaghi disintegration ọla na ha alloys, nke pụtara n'okpuru nduzi nke chemical gburugburu ebe obibi, na-akpọ corrosion. Ihe kpatara nke a ọdịda bụ chemical mmeghachi omume (redox mmeghachi omume) nke dara ihe onwunwe na a gaseous ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri na-ajụ na nke ha na-emi odude.

Gịnị bụ corrosion na-eguzogide steels na alloys?

Igwe anaghị na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ígwè ma ọ bụ alloys zubere maka ojiji na corrosive gburugburu na elu ma ọ bụ nkịtị okpomọkụ. Ya mere, isi a chọrọ bụ na ihe ndị otu a na - na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide (iguzogide gaseous ajụ ma ọ bụ elu okpomọkụ Alụlụụ) ma ọ bụ corrosion na-eguzogide (-enwe ike n'ụzọ dị irè iguzogide corrosive ihe na nkịtị okpomọkụ).

Corrosion eguzogide e ji mara nke ngwaike, nke na-kpụrụ n'elu passivation film inogide na a corrosive gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na-egbochi ndị penetration n'ime miri n'ígwé nke metal na meghachi omume na ha ike ike bekee.

Ndị ọzọ okwu, corrosion na-eguzogide ígwè - a ígwè na-enwe iguzogide intergranular chemical, electrochemical na ndị ọzọ na corrosion.

chemical mejupụtara

Metal Njirimara na-kpebisiri ike na site na ya chemical mejupụtara. Mgbe ọdịnaya nke 12-13% chromium ígwè na-aghọ igwe anaghị, na bụ anụ na ikuku na chemical gburugburu. Amụba chromium ọdịnaya 28-30%-eme ka ọ anụ ná corrosive gburugburu.

Ọzọ ọcha ji mee ihe maka doping gụnyere manganese, aluminum, titanium, nickel. Kasị n'ọtụtụ ebe na alloys, mejupụtara nke nkezi nickel ọdịnaya nke 10% chromium - 18%, carbon - ma ọ bụ n'etiti 0,08 na 0,12% titanium - 1% (12X18H10T - corrosion na-eguzogide ígwè, GOST 5632).

Nhazi ọkwa site ụdị microstructure: austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara

na klas a na-eguzogide corrosive edinam mụbara site alloying ọcha nickel (si 5 na 15%) na chromium (15 20%). Austenitic alloys adịghị emetụ intercrystalline corrosion, bụrụhaala na carbon ọdịnaya ha ga-nta karịa ịgba nke ya solubility na austenite (0.02-0.03% na-erughị). Nonmagnetic, ọma gụrụ ịgbado ọkụ, oyi na-ekpo ọkụ deformation. Nwere magburu onwe processability. Ọ kasị mma maka imewe nke ígwè ọcha fasteners, welded owuwu na ngwa dị iche iche ọrụ.

martensitic akara ule

Igwe anaghị steels na-gụnyere ke martensitic klas nwere ike magnetik na elu - dị ka e jiri ya tụnyere austenitic - egosi nke kacha ekweghị ekwe. Ekwesi na-enweta site quenching na tempering. Mma ruru eru n'ihi na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa zubere maka ojiji na gburugburu nke na-ajụ na na-adịghị ike ike (e.g., a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwaahịa nke nri ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ maka n'ichepụta aguba pupụtara ngwaọrụ).

ferritic akara ule

Na elu corrosion eguzogide Njirimara ndị a akara ule ndị yiri ala-carbon ígwè. The nkezi chromium ọdịnaya bụ 11-17%. Eji na mmepụta nke ezinụlọ ngwa, ihe nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ndozi, kichin arịa.

Austenitic-ferritic klas

Corrosion na-eguzogide igwe anaghị agba ígwè nke a na klas na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti belata nickel ọdịnaya na chromium content elu (21 na 28%). Dị ka ndị ọzọ alloying ọcha protrude niobium, titanium, na ọla kọpa. Mgbe okpomọkụ omume ruru nke ferrite na austenite - banyere otu otu.

Na ike nke austenitic-ferritic steels, austenitic gafere ugboro abụọ. N'ihi ya, ha na-ductile, ọma idi ujo ibu nwere a ala ozo nke nchegbu-corrosion cracking na elu iguzogide intergranular corrosion. Na-atụ aro maka ojiji na-ewu, n'ichepụta, maka n'ichepụta ngwaahịa na-abịa n'ime mmiri nke oké osimiri na kọntaktị.

Austenitic, martensitic akara ule

The chromium ọdịnaya nke 12 na 18% nickel, - si 3.7 na 7.5%. Ọzọ ọcha - chromium na aluminum. Ekwesi site quenching (t> 975 ° C) na ụdi tempering (t = 450-500 ° C). Austenitic-martensitic anaghị agba nchara welded ọma ma nwere nnukwu n'ibu Njirimara.

Igwe anaghị agba nchara: na price (ihe na-emetụta guzobe)

The mejupụtara nke corrosion eguzogide ọla ndị dị oké ọnụ alloying ọcha dị ka chromium, nickel, titanium, molybdenum. Ha bara uru bụ bụrụkwa na mwube a price. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị ọzọ ụdị (carbon, bughi, bọl agba, ngwá ọrụ, etc .. D.) nkejikotara ọcha depụtara na dị nta quantities, jiri ya tụnyere ha na-eri corrosion eguzogide steels mgbe niile elu. Otú ọ dị, price nwere ike ịdị iche iche dabere na ahịa na ọnọdụ na-eri chọrọ n'ihi na mmepụta nke igwe anaghị agba ígwè.

n'ibu Njirimara

Brand igwe anaghị steels ga nwere n'ibu Njirimara na izute ụkpụrụ maka n'ichepụta. Ndị a gụnyere:

• kacha ekweghị ekwe nke Brinell (HB);
• elongation (%);
• ekwenyere ike (H / mm ^2);
• Adọka-emegide (H / mm ^2).

Mgbe mmepụta nke ọ bụla ogbe (agbaze) nke nnweta ngwaahịa na-enyocha megide n'ibu Njirimara na microstructure nke nchara ọkwa GOST. Results nke laabu nyochaa samples kpọmkwem na akwụkwọ na n'ichepụta.

Notation ígwè akara ule

a buru ibu agwaogwa nke alloys na steels dị na mba dị iche iche. N'otu oge ahụ e ka dịghị mba usoro nke na-akanye.

Na United States, ọ na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ notation usoro. Ọnọdụ a n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụkpụrụ na otu (AJS, ANSI, ACJ, SAE, AWS, ASTM, ASME), na-emepụta ike ụfọdụ maka mmekọ, suppliers na ahịa nke ígwè ngwaahịa nke US emepụta si mba ọzọ.

Na Japan ígwè akara na akwụkwọ ozi na nọmba na-egosi ha gbalaga (ala-alloy, elu-alloy, pụrụ iche nzube alloys, srednelegirovannye, elu-edu, elu-edu na al.), The usoro nọmba nime ya na Njirimara nke metal.

Na mba nke European Union designation achịkwakwa ọkọlọtọ EN 27 100, nke na-ekpebi iji nke kenyere aha na Oghere Usoro ọgụgụ.

The Russian Federation mepụtara ihe alphanumeric usoro ke Soviet Union, dị ka nke ẹkedọhọde steels. Standard edepụta dee bụla alloying mmewere, nke metal Russian isi obodo akwụkwọ ozi.

N'ihi na manganese bụ H, Si - C, chromium - X, Ni - H, molybdenum - M tungsten - B vanadium - F, titanium - T, aluminum - YU, niobium - B, Co - K, zirconium - C, boron - R.

The nọmba esonụ akwụkwọ ozi na-egosi na ọdịnaya nke alloying ọcha dị ka a pasent. Ọ bụrụ na nchara mejupụtara nwere ihe na-erughị 1% nke alloying mmewere, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adịghị Kaakwa, na a ọdịnaya nke 1 na 2% mgbe akwụkwọ ozi enye 1. sị akara mmalite ọbula nọmba dị mkpa ka ikpo nkezi carbon ọdịnaya hundredths nke a percent n'ime ọkwa mejupụtara.

The iche iche nke ngwaahịa arụpụtara si igwe anaghị agba nchara

Corrosion na-eguzogide ígwè na-eji maka mmepụta nke ndị na-esonụ na ngwaahịa:

• emeso thermally etched na-egbu maramara Ibé akwụkwọ;
• netravlenyh thermally emeso Ibé akwụkwọ;
• na thermally untreated netravlenyh Ibé akwụkwọ;
• heat-, cold- na-ekpo ọkụ-akpọrepu enweghị nkebi ọkpọkọ ;
• na-ekpo ọkụ-akpọrepu ígwè ibe general nzube;
• calibrated hexagons;
• Okirikiri nke igwe anaghị agba nchara;
• igwe anaghị waya (okpomọkụ-emeso na oyi na-atụ na-abịaru);
• oge ọgbụgba pụrụ iche Njirimara;
• forgings;
• ọzọ di iche iche, nke mepụtara ala ụkpụrụ na technical nduzi (tu).

nọ nke ngwa

Dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị mma ike n'omume, aesthetics, iguzogide ike ibibi nke corrosion na okpomọkụ, na kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na imegharị ihe maka iji na anwụ ngwa ngwa nke ọrụ, ebe zutere niile ịdị ọcha chọrọ magburu onwe ya mma elu ọgwụgwọ, corrosion na-eguzogide ígwè na ọtụtụ-eji ihe fọrọ nke nta niile ubi nke ezinụlọ na aku na uba ọrụ.

Igwe anaghị agba nchara dị elu ina ke Petrochemical, chemical, pulp na akwụkwọ, nri ụlọ ọrụ, na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ, ike ụlọ ọrụ, shipbuilding na iga engineering, ngwá na-eme na ebe nke gburugburu ebe obibi nchebe.

Arụmọrụ na anwụ ngwa ngwa nke na ngwaahịa mere si igwe anaghị agba ígwè, ọ na-kpebisiri ike ime nke a na klas na ika, ịghọta physicochemical Njirimara na Ọdịdị nke ahụ microstructure. Iji ọla na na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-emebi ihe mmetụta nke corrosion, na ike dị ha Njirimara, anyị na-enwe ike iri uru nke niile doro uru nke oge a na nkà na ụzụ.