Diencephalon

Ụbụrụ dị n'etiti bụ kasị na ukwuu functionally ịrịba akụkụ nke ụbụrụ azuokokoosisi. Ọ nwere nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ cores na ndị dị oké mkpa emmepe nke autonomic usoro, nakwa dị ka a akụkụ nke ọ mejupụtara abụọ endocrine glands - na pineal gland na pituitary gland. Ụbụrụ dị n'etiti na-emi odude na nnọọ corpus callosum n'etiti ụbụrụ ammamihe, ọ bụ nanị ndị na-azụ optic tract na posterior perforated umi, na n'ihu - na optic chiasm.

The etiti Ọdịdị nke ụbụrụ na-mgbagwoju anya, n'ihi na ọ bụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke iche iche emmepe na-achịkwa kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma nke dị iche iche na akụkụ na usoro. Na ụbụrụ (n'etiti) bụ na-akwanyere ùgwù: epithalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, atọ ventricle na hypothalamus.

The thalamus (visual hillocks) akpụ a ụzọ elongated udi. Ọ na-kpụrụ ìgwè nke isi awọ okwu n'ụdị nuclei (banyere iri anọ), nke na-iche site a oyi akwa nke na-acha ọcha siri ike. Epithalamus ọkọnọ epiphysis ma ọ bụ pineal gland. Epiphysis anya yiri a fir cone na metụtara nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ n'elu quadrigemina ụbụrụ dị n'etiti. Si n'èzí ya kpuchie na Capsule, site na nke ịgbatị n'ime partitions kewara epiphysis n'ime Mpekere.

Metathalamus ọkọnọ medial na, n'ezie, mpụta geniculate ozu, nke bụ ebe a na nke na-anụ na ọhụụ. Ha na-emi odude n'azụ fom abụọ n'akụkụ nke thalamus na jikọọ na ụbụrụ dị n'etiti ụkwụ elu colliculus ma na ala. The hypothalamus na-dị foneelu, na optic chiasm, ndị isi awọ ugwu, pituitary na abụọ mastoid ozu. The pituitary gland bụ Central endocrine usoro, emi odude ke pituitary fossa sella on sphenoid. The hypothalamus arụpụta kpomkwem na ala akụkụ nke diencephalon.

All hypothalamic ntọala, ebe gburugburu iri anọ nke ya na ọnọdụ n'ihu kewara n'azụ, n'etiti na n'ihu, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-emepụta neurosecretion. Front ntọala na-anọchi anya paraventikulyarnymi na supraoptic, n'azụ - hypothalamic nuclei na mastoid ahụ, ọkara - ala na verhnemedialnymi hypothalamic nuclei, nuclei na serobugornymi foneelu.

Diencephalon nwekwara nke atọ ventricle, nke bụ ụbụrụ oghere. Ọ kọrọ na ala nke-anọ ventricle, n'ihu na azụ - site interventricular foramen - mbụ na nke abụọ ventricles. Dị ka ndị niile ọzọ, na-na-atọ vaskụla plexus, nke na-emepụta cerebrospinal ọmụmụ.

The ọrụ nke onye n'etiti ụbụrụ na-adabere na ya akụkụ:

• The ụkpụrụ nke endocrine usoro, ebe ọ bụ na diencephalon ndokwa pituitary na pineal. Pituitary hormone-akpali mmepụta nke na-esonụ: ibu, prolactin (akpụ ike nke mmiri ara ehi na alveoli nke mammary glands), TSH, ACTH, follicle-akpali akpali, luteinizing, lyuteotropnogo, melanotropin, oxytocin, vasopressin. Neurosecretory ọrụ nke pineal gland bụ a doro anya diurnal mode. Night synthesizes melatoksin, nke a na-pigmenti exchange, na n'ehihie - serotoksin.
• The ụkpụrụ nke autonomic usoro. Na hypothalamus, emi odude subcortical emmepe nke autonomic-aghọ nkọ, dị ka akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, agụụ, satiety, obi ụtọ, iwe, thermoregulation, nakwa dị ka ihe niile di iche iche nke mmetụta.
• Mpụta geniculate ozu dị subcortical emmepe nke ọhụụ, na medial - ntị.
• The thalamus bụ center nke mkpokọta uche, ma e wezụga olfactory.

Ụbụrụ dị n'etiti, ka a na-achị, nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ mebiri nke dịkarịa ala otu n'ime ha nwere ike irreparable pụta, nke ga-apụghị izere ezere na-eduga nkwarụ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ.