Acryli acid. Chemical Njirimara. ngwa

Acryli acid - bụ otu nke mfe nnọchiteanya nke unsaturated monobasic carboxylic asịd. Ya usoro bụ dị ka ndị: CH2 = Kra-COOH. Ọ bụ a colorless mmiri mmiri na-enwe a nkọ ma wetara ísì ụtọ. Soluble na mmiri, chloroform, diethyl mmanya na ethanol, akpali n'ihu polymerized etolite polyacrylic acid. Na acrylic acid nwere aha ndị ọzọ: etenkarbonovaya acid na propenoic acid.

Olee otú iji nweta (ma ọ bụ synthesize) acrylic acid?

1. Ugbu a, acrylic acid na-emepụta site Alụlụụ adọ ọxịdashọn nke propylene na oxygen (O2) na molybdenum, bismuth ma ọ bụ cobalt akpali. Otu ihe atụ bụ ndị na-esonụ omume:

CH2 = Kra-CH3 (propylene) + O2 (oxygen) = CH2 = Kra-COOH (acrylic acid)

2. N'oge gara aga, e ji mee mmeghachi omume nke carbon monoxide na-meghachi omume II (CO), acetylene (SN≡SN) na mmiri (H2O). The chemical mmeghachi omume ga-n'otu oge bụ dị ka ndị:

SN≡SN (acetylene) + CO (carbon monoxide II) + H2O (mmiri) → CH2 = Kra-COOH (acrylic acid).

Ọzọ ojiji nke formaldehyde meghachi omume na ketene:

CH2 = C = O (ketene) + H2C = O (formaldehyde) → CH2 = Kra-COOH (propenoic acid).

3. Ugbu a, site Rohm na Haas emepụta pụrụ iche acid njikọ technology etenkarbonovoy si propane.

Chemical Njirimara nke acrylic acid

Weere anyị acid nwere ike na-etolite salts, esters, anhydrides, amides, acid chlorides, na ndị ọzọ na ogige. Ọzọkwa ya nwere ike ịbanye ihe-mgbakwunye mmeghachi omume, bụ ihe e ji mara nke ethylene carbons. Mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị, protonic asịd na NH3 emee bụghị site na Markovnikov achị. Na nke a na-etolite na nnọchianya nkwekọrịta-ya nile. Acryli acid a na-diene njikọ. Ọzọkwa condensed dị iche iche aryl diazonium salts. Mgbe ultraviolet irradiation, ọ Nleta a polyacrylic acid.

The ojiji nke acrylic kiloty

- eji dị ka a akụrụngwa ke imewe nke a dịgasị iche iche nke polima ngwaahịa na dị iche iche chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ Njirimara (e.g., plastik na coatings);

- a na-eji na mmepụta nke okenye dispersions nke acrylic ágbá; agaghi asu nke ebe ngwa nke ndị dị otú ahụ ágbá ga-adabere na chemical Njirimara nke copolymer - ikpeazụ sere nke ugbo ala na n'uko na-ese;

- acrylic acid na-eji ya emepụta na-eji kee impregnation nke anụ ahụ na anụ ahụ na emulsions na akọwa, dị ka a akụrụngwa n'ihi acrylic rubbers na acrylic emep uta eri, na-ewu adhesives, na mixtures-ya nile; metaakrilovoy esters na acrylic acid (na-eji ethers, methyl methacrylate na methyl acrylate) eji na mmepụta nke Polymers;

- akụkụ nke acrylic acid na-eji na e kere eke nke superabsorbents.

Proper nchekwa nke acrylic acid

Mgbe ịchekwa umi iji zere polymerization inhibitor na kwukwara - hydroquinone. Tupu na iji acid ga distill na ịkpachara anya, ebe ọ bụ na o kwere omume development explosively polymerization.

Safety eji

Mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na acrylic acid ga-gaa na akaụntụ na umi bụ iwe na akpụkpọ mucous membranes. Fọrọ irritant acid bụ 0,04 mg / liter. Mgbe na kọntaktị na mucous akpụkpọ ahụ nke nwa anya, dị ka a na-achị, ọ na-akpata oké corneal Burns, nwere ike ime ka irreversible mgbanwe (emebi, ọ bụghị ngwọta). Inhalation acrylic acid vapors nwere ike ime ka isi ọwụwa, iyatesịt nke akụkụ okuku ume na tract, na ịṅụbiga doses - mmepe nke akpa ume edema. N'ebe ọrụ a rụrụ na acrylic acid, na-achọ mgbe nile akara nke ikuku. MPC a acid bụ 5 mg / metr³. Nchebe ga-hụrụ mgbe na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ emepụta. Dị ka ihe atụ bụ acrylonitrile.