Dmitry Merezhkovsky: biography. Poems, Quotes

Merezhkovskiy Dmitriy Sergeevich A mụrụ 1866 na St. Petersburg. Nna ya jere ozi dị ka a obere n'obí ukara. Dmitry Merezhkovsky na afọ 13 malitere ide abu. Mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, dị ka a schoolboy, ọ gara na nna ya F. M. Dostoevskogo. The oké edemede hụrụ poems na-adịghị ike, budding na-ede akwụkwọ kwuru na iji dee ọma, i kwesịrị na-ata ahụhụ. N'otu oge Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeyevich zutere Nadson. Na mbụ, o ṅomiri ya poems, na site na ya ụzọ banye edemede milieu.

Ọdịdị nke mbụ collection of poems

Na 1888, o bipụtara akpa collection of Merezhkovsky, a na-akpọ nanị - "Poems". The na-ede uri ebe a bụ nwa akwụkwọ Nadson. Otú ọ dị, dị ka e kwuru site Vyacheslav Bryusov, Dmitry Merezhkovsky ozugbo ike na-otu nọọrọ onwe ha ụda, na-amalite ikwu okwu banyere ọṅụ na ike, n'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ na-ede uri, na-ewere onwe ya a na-eso ụzọ Nadson, onye "na whined" na ha adịghị ike na timelessness.

Education na mahadum, mmasị positivism nkà ihe ọmụma

Dmitry ebe 1884 mụọ na St. Petersburg na Moscow mahadum, History na Philology. N'oge a Merezhkovsky bịara nwee mmasị na nkà ihe ọmụma nke positivism, na mere enyi na ndị a ọrụ, "Northern Herald", dị ka G. Uspensky, Korolenko, V. Garshin, si otú malitere ịghọta a populist ọnọdụ nsogbu ọha mmadụ. Ahuhu n'ihi na nke a, Otú ọ dị, na-adịghị ndụ. Mmata na uri of Vladimir Soloviev na European Symbolists budata gbanwere echiche nke na-ede uri. Dmitry jụ "oké ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya" na-aga site na ihe atụ.

Alụmdi na nwunye Z. Gippius

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, dị ka e kwuru site na ha dịkọrọ ndụ, bụ nnọọ echekwabara nwoke, achọghị ka ha ụwa nke ndị ọzọ. Ịrịba ama karịsịa bụ na 1889 maka ya. Ọ na-ama ahụ Merezhkovsky ndọ. Ya gbasara - a poetess Zinaida Gippius. The na-ede uri ya biri na '52 na ahapụghị maka a ụbọchị. Nke a ihe na nke ime mmụọ n'otu nke ya na nwunye kọwara na-ahụkarị uko akwụkwọ bụ 'Dmitry Merezhkovsky ". Zinaida bụ a "generator" echiche, na Dmitry-akwadebe na mepụtara ha na ọrụ ya.

Travel, translation na ịmụ atụ

Ke mbubreyo 1880s na 1890s. Ha na-aga a otutu mba dị iche iche Europe. Dmitry si sụgharịa Latin na Gris oge ochie ọdachi, na-mere ka a nkatọ, bipụtara na akwụkwọ ndị dị ka "Work", "Russian Review", "Northern Herald".

Merezhkovsky na 1892, nyere a okwu ihu ọha nke o nyere mbụ ọmụmụ ihe atụ. The na-ede uri na ekwu na Impressionism, asụsụ nke na akara na "omimi ọdịnaya" nwere ike ịgbatị "nka echiche" nke Russian akwụkwọ. Collection of "Symbols" pụtara obere oge tupu okwu. O nyere aha a ọhụrụ na-emekarị na uri.

"New Poems"

"New Poems" - atọ akwụkwọ pụta na 1896. Merezhkovsky ele ihe anya gbanwere ebe ọ bụ na 1899. Mmalite ya ka nwere mmasi Christianity, metụtara Chọọchị Katọlik. N'isiokwu bụ "Merezhkovsky" G. Adamovich echeta na mgbe mkparịta ụka na Dmitry e animated, n'ikpeazụ ọ Switched otu isiokwu - na uru ọ bara nke Gospel.

Okpukpe-nkà ihe ọmụma nzukọ

Dmitriya Merezhkovskogo nwunye n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1901, a chọrọ ndị echiche nke na-eke a pụrụ iche obodo nke ndị mmadụ na nkà ihe ọmụma na okpukpe na-atụle omenala na chọọchị. N'ihi ya, e okpukpe nkà ihe ọmụma nzukọ, ma ama na narị afọ gara aga. Isi isiokwu bụ ha nzọrọ ahụ naanị a okpukpe ndabere pụrụ isi mezuo ihe revival nke Russia. Ruo mgbe a nzukọ ahụ ruo mgbe 1903, na ikike nke KP Pobedonostsev, ọchịchị nke Synod. Ha wee akụkụ ke ha na ndị ụkọchukwu. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị nabatara Kraịst "Nke atọ Testament", ọchịchọ na a dị oké egwu, na ogbo nke mmepe obodo ike ọhụrụ okpukpe otu o doro anya na nso ha dịkọrọ ndụ.

Arụ ọrụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme prose

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, onye biography anyị nwere mmasị, na-arụ ọrụ a ọtụtụ ndị mere eme prose. O kere ihe atụ, ndị trilogy nke "Christ na-emegide Kraịst", na echiche bụ isi nke bụ na-alụ n'etiti abụọ ụkpụrụ - Ndị Kraịst ma na-ekpere arụsị, na-akpọ maka a ọhụrụ Christianity na nke "ụwa heaven" na "ụwa si heaven."

Na 1896, e nwere a na-arụ ọrụ nke "The Death nke Chi." - akpa akwụkwọ nke trilogy. Akụkụ nke abụọ e bipụtara na 1901 ( "n'Ọnwụ Gods. Leonardo da Vinci"). Final akwụkwọ a na-akpọ "àmà na-egosi. Pita na Alex," a mụrụ na 1905.

"Collection of poems"

Fourth collection "Collection of poems", e wepụtara na 1909. New poems nọ na ya dị ole na ole, n'ihi ya, akwụkwọ a bụ kama ihe anthology. Otú ọ dị, a kpọmkwem nhọrọ nke ọrụ mere Merezhkovsky, nyere collection nke oge a na ọhụrụ. Ọ gụnyere na-arụ ọrụ na izute na-agbanwe agbanwe echiche nke na-ede akwụkwọ. Enwetara a ọhụrụ pụtara ochie uri.

Merezhkovsky n'etiti dịkọrọ ndụ na-ede uri n'ike ewepụta. Ọ ọma na kwupụtara na ọrụ ya n'ozuzu ọnọdụ, mgbe Alexander Blok, Andrei Bely, K. Balmont, ọbụna imetụ "ọkụ" ọha na eze, kwuru okwu bụ naanị banyere onwe ya, ya onwe ya gasị ha. Na Dmitry ọbụna ihe ndị kasị chie anya nkwuputa owụt eluigwe na ala mmetụta, na-enwe olileanya na-ata ahụhụ.

ọhụrụ ọrụ

Merezhkovskys na March 1906 kwagara Paris na biri n'ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ufọt ufọt 1908. Na mmekota na D. Filosofov na Z. Gippius Merezhkovsky na 1907, o bipụtara akwụkwọ bụ "Le Tsar et la mgbanwe". Ọ na-butere nhiwe nke trilogy, "Alaeze nke anụ ọhịa" nke dabeere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia na mbubreyo 18 - n'oge 19 ọtụtụ narị afọ. Dmitry mgbe mbụ nke trilogy (na 1908) e prosecuted. Na 1913, e nwere a abụọ nke ya ( "Alexander m"). The ikpeazụ akwụkwọ - "14 December" - bipụtara na 1918, Dmitry Merezhkovsky.

"Ọrịa Russia" - a akwụkwọ na pụtara na 1910. Ọ na-emi esịnede akụkọ ihe mere eme na okpukpe isiokwu ndị na-e bipụtara na 1908 na 1909. na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Speech".

AKWỤKWỌ a ediomi Wolff agbala na oge site na 1911 ka 1913. 17-olu collection of ọrụ ya, na Sytin ke 1914 agbala a anọ na-olu. N'ime ọtụtụ asụsụ Merezhkovski prose a sụgharịrị, ọ bụ nnọọ ewu ewu na Europe. Na Russia, Dmitry Sergeyevich ọrụ e doro echesinụ nnyocha - onye dere kwuru na ihe ndị na ukara Church na autocracy.

mmekọrịta Bolshevism

Merezhkovskys na 1917 ka bi na Russia. Na-ede uri nke mba ahụ na-na Iv nke mgbanwe hụrụ na ihe oyiyi nke "na ọbịbịa nke Ham." A obere ka e mesịrị, mgbe bi afọ abụọ na Soviet Russia, ọ na-egosi na ya na uche na Bolshevism - a omume ọrịa, nke bụ na ya pụta nke nsogbu nke European Culture. Merezhkovskys-ele anya na nke a ọchịchị ga-kwaturu, ma mgbe na-amụta banyere mmeri nke Denikin n'ebe ndịda na Kolchak na Siberia, kpebiri ịhapụ Petrograd.

Dmitry na njedebe nke 1919 na ndibọhọ nri na-agụ ya na nkuzi na akụkụ nke Red Army. Na January 1920, ya na nwunye ya kwagara n'ókèala, bụ nke e ji site Poland. Na-ede uri lectured na Minsk maka Russian emigrants. Merezhkovskys na February kwagara Warsaw. N'ebe a, ha na-na-arụsi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Mgbe Poland bịanyere aka a udo nkwekorita na Russia, na nwunye ya kwenyesiri ike na "Russian azụmahịa" na mba na njedebe, ha gara Paris. Merezhkovskys biri na ulo nke ha kemgbe tupu revolutionary ugboro. Ebe a na ha guzosie ike ochie na kọntaktị na ike ọhụrụ kọntaktị na Russian emigres.

Njem, ntọala "Green Oriọna"

Dmitry Merezhkovsky ka ọ chọrọ tụlee njem dị ka ụdị ụfọdụ nke messianism. O weere onwe ya a ime mmụọ "ọkwọ ụgbọala" bụ ndị mba ọzọ intelligentsia. Merezhkovskys haziri okpukpe-nkà ihe ọmụma na-ede akwụkwọ ọha mmadụ na 1927 "Green ìhè". Ya president bụ Mr. Ivanov. "Green ìhè" keere a ma ama ọrụ na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi ndụ nke mbụ ife nke njem, na n'otu nke kacha mma na-anọchite anya nke Russian mba ọzọ na ọgụgụ isi. Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ malitere, ụlọ ọrụ kwụsịrị nzukọ (na 1939).

Merezhkovskys na 1927 tọrọ ntọala "New Deal" - a magazine, kere naanị otu afọ. Ha na-abuana ke akpa nzuko nke dere emigrants si Russia, ẹkenịmde ke September 1928 na Belgrade (ọ haziri ndị Yugoslav ọchịchị). Merezhkovsky 1931 bụ otu n'ime ndị contenders maka Nobel Nrite, ma ọ bụ Ivan Bunin.

Nkwado maka Hitler

Merezhkovskys nweghị mmasị na Russian media. Iro bụ n'ụzọ bụ ruru ha nkwado nke Hitler, bụ nke yiri ka ha a ọchịchị ọzọ na-anabata karịa Stalin ọchịchị. Merezhkovsky ke mbubreyo 1930 bịara nwee mmasị na fasizim, ọbụna zutere otu n'ime ndị ndú ya - Mussolini. Ọ hụrụ Hitler dị ka onye nzọpụta nke Russian ọchịchị Kọmunist, na-atụle "omume ọrịa". Mgbe Germany wakporo USSR, Dmitry mere German redio. O kwuru na ọ "Bolshevism na Mankind", nke ọ na-tụnyere Hitler na Joan nke Arc. Merezhkovsky kwuru na onye ndú nwere ike ịzọpụta mmadụ si ọjọ Kọmunist. Mgbe nke a ngosi, niile ndị ahapụwo ha na di na nwunye.

ọnwụ Merezhkovski

10 ụbọchị tupu na-arụ nke Paris ndị Germany na June 1940, Zinaida Gippius na Dmitry Merezhkovsky kwagara Biarritz na Ndida nke France. December 9, 1941 Dmitry akpa ke Paris.

Collections of uri Merezhkovsky

Anyị kwuru okwu ná mkpirikpi banyere ihe uri collections kere Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Na akwụkwọ ndị a, Otú ọ dị, dị oké ọnụ ahịa ndị ọzọ zuru ezu na ha ka ha kwụsị. Onye ọ bụla nke 4 ịnakọta nke poems nnọọ ihe e ji mara.

"Poems" (1888) - a akwụkwọ na nke ọbụna na-eje ozi dị ka ihe onye na-amu oru Nadson Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Kwuru na ya, kwesịrị ntị na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ:

"Unu na-eleda ìgwè mmadụ! Obi tara mmiri na-ewe iwe

Ịkwa emo bụghị iji katọọ ha sorrows na-egbo mkpa. "

Nke a bụ a akara site na otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mara poems n'akwụkwọ a. O sina dị, site ná mmalite Dmitry ike buru otu nọọrọ onwe ha ụda. Dị ka anyị kwuru, o kwuru okwu banyere ike na ọṅụ. Ya poems na-meere okomoko, achọghị, Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ji dị ka enyi Nadson atụ egwu kasị bụ ihapu otutu okwu, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-eji ya na a ubé dị iche iche guise, mgbe ụfọdụ, na ókè. Merezhkovsky na-chigharịkwuuru ihapu otutu okwu mee sonority, na ìhè nke ya akwa nkịtị, colorless alụlụ, nke e ọbọp ndụ nke Russian otu na 1880s.

"Symbol" - nke abụọ n'akwụkwọ nke poems, dere na 1892. Ọ bụ ọwọrọiso maka egosipụta. Ebe oge ochie ọdachi na-Pushkin, Baudelaire na Edgar Allan Poe, Frantsisk Assizsky na Rom oge ochie, obodo nke uri na ọdachi nke-adị kwa ụbọchị. All na jupụtara akwụkwọ nile, niile uche ga-10-15 afọ, e ndokwa a collection. "Symbols" - a akwụkwọ premonitions. Dmitry ọkọfiọkde ọzọ agha, ihe vibrant oge. O nyere ọdịdị Titanic omume ahụ na-adị gburugburu ya ( "Bịa, ọhụrụ amuma!").

"New Poems" - nke atọ collection of poems, dere na 1896. Ọ bụ ọtụtụ ihe narrower na akporo phenomena nke ndụ karịa gara aga otu, ma ọtụtụ nkọ. Ebe a juru "akara" aghọwo a mgbe nile nchegbu na-ufiop lyricism na poems gafere ịgwa. Merezhkovsky weere onwe ya a "akara" ohu "hapụrụ chi." Ma site oge nke "New Poems" ya onwe ya ajụwo chi ndị a, kwuru okwu nke ndị òtù ya na nke ya onwe ya: "anyị nkwuwa okwu ...."

"Collection of poems" - ikpeazụ, nke anọ collection (1909). E ole na ole ọhụrụ poems, otú ahụ akwụkwọ, dị ka anyị kwuru, bụ kama ihe anthology. Merezhkovsky ya ghọrọ Ndị Kraịst. O kwetara kwa kenkuwa agụba "nkwuwa okwu" na-enweghị chi ebe ịchụàjà "ụwa omenala". Otú ọ dị, Christianity, ọ chọrọ achọta ọ bụghị nanị nkasi obi, ma na-a ngwá agha. All na poems na akwụkwọ a na-imbued na ọchịchọ nke okwukwe.