East Prussia: akụkọ ihe mere eme na modernity. Map, n'ókè-ala, ulo uku na obodo-ya, na omenala nke East Prussia

Back ke mbubreyo Middle Ages n'ala, emi odude n'etiti osimiri Neman na Vistula, nwetara aha ya East Prussia. N'oge nile ọ dị, ike na-aga ebe dị iche iche oge. Nke a na oge nke Order, na Prussian duchy, na mgbe ahụ na alaeze, na ógbè dị ka nke ọma dị ka post-agha mba, ruo renaming nke redistribution n'etiti Poland na Soviet Union.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke omume nke ihe onwunwe

Ebe mbụ e kwuru banyere Prussian ala kemgbe ihe karịrị puku afọ. Ná mmalite, ndị mmadụ bi na ndị a n'ókèala, kewara ọnụmara (ebo) onye e kewara ot ókè.

Ihe ka nnọọ expanses nke Prussian ala kpuchie site ẹdude ugbu a na Kaliningrad mpaghara, a akụkụ nke Poland na Lithuania. Ndị a gụnyere Samba na Skalov, Warmia na pogesanians, pomesanians na Kulmskaya ala natangians na Bart, Galindo na Sassen, Skalov na nadruvians, Mazovia na ụgbọ mmiri.

ọtụtụ uru

Prussian ala ofụri ya adị, mgbe niile doro mgbalị mmeri na akụkụ nke a siri ike na ike ike agbata obi. Ya mere, na nke iri na abụọ na narị afọ na ndị ọgaranya na-akpọ na-emeghe oghere wee Teutonic Knights - Agha Ntụte. Ha na-wuru ọtụtụ castles na chateaux, atụ Kulm, Reden, Thorne.

Otú ọ dị, na 1410 mgbe ama Agha nke Grunwald Prussia ghọrọ a ezigbo mgbanwe n'aka Poland na Lithuania.

Seven Agha Afọ iri na asatọ na narị afọ ghara ikwe na ume nke Prussian agha na ada na ụfọdụ nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mba ndị meriri Russian Alaeze Ukwu.

Na abụọ na narị afọ Agha bụghị chebere ala ndị a. Kemgbe afọ 1914, East Prussia ama abuana ke mbụ World War, na 1944 - Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

Na mgbe mmeri nke Soviet agha ke 1945, ọ na-adịkarị kwụsịrị ịdị adị na ghọọ ndị Kaliningrad mpaghara.

Biri n'Ụwa n'etiti agha

N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ahụhụ oké mfu nke East Prussia. Map nke 1939 ama a mgbanwe, ma melite ógbè bụ na a egwu ala. Mgbe niile, ọ bụ naanị ebe ke Germany, nke etinye obi gị dum na-alụ ọgụ agha.

The bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke ndị Treaty nke Versailles ugwo ukwuu maka East Prussia. The mmeri e kpebiri ibelata ya n'ókèala. Ya mere, site 1920 1923 n'obodo Memel na Memel ebe ghọrọ a League of Nations jikwaa na-enyemaka nke French agha. Ma mgbe January nsogbu ke 1923 ọnọdụ agbanweela. Na ugbua na 1924 ala a dị ka ihe kwurula region ghọrọ akụkụ nke Lithuania.

Ke adianade do, East Prussia, na efu n'ókèala ọzọ Zoldan (Dzialdowo obodo).

Na ngụkọta, ọ e ná mgbagwoju banyere 315 puku hectare ala. Na nke a abụghị obere ókèala. Dị ka a n'ihi mgbanwe ahụ nọgide na-ahụ n'ógbè bụ na a enwe ihe ijuanya banyere, Bilie buru ibu aku isi ike.

Economic na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnọdụ ná 20s na 30s.

Ná mmalite n'afọ iri abụọ, mgbe normalisation nke diplomatic n'etiti ndị Soviet Union na Germany, na ibi ndụ na East Prussia nwayọọ nwayọọ malitere ịka mma. ụgbọelu Moscow-Königsberg e meghere, ịmalitegharịa ọwụwa anyanwụ German mma, malitere ọrụ Kenigsbergsskaya mepere emepe redio.

Ma, uwa aku nsogbu na-adịghị chebere ochie ndị a ala. Na afọ ise (1929-1933 biennium). Naanị na Königsberg ọ bụ odida na narị ise na iri na atọ dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ, na ndị na-enweghị ọrụ ọnụego bilie a narị puku ndị mmadụ. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, na-eji precarious na-ejighị n'aka na ọnọdụ nke ugbu a ọchịchị, ndị Nazi Party were akara na ha onwe ha aka.

redivision nke ókèala

The map nke East Prussia ruo 1945 na-eme ka a dị ịrịba ego nke mgbanwe. Otu mere na 1939, mgbe na-arụ nke Poland site ndị agha Nazi Germany. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị ọhụrụ zoning nke Polish ala na Klaipeda (Memel) n'ógbè Lithuania e n'ógbè. A obodo nke Elbing, Marienburg na Marienwerder ghọrọ akụkụ nke ọhụrụ district nke West Prussia.

Ndị Nazi ulo oru oké ọchịchọ atụmatụ maka redivision nke Europe. Na map nke Eastern Prussia, na ha chere, aghọọla etiti nke aku na uba na ebe n'etiti Baltic na Black n'oké osimiri, n'okpuru accession site n'ókèala nke Soviet Union. Otú ọ dị, atụmatụ ndị nwere ike ha agaghị emezu.

The post-agha oge

Ka mbata nke Soviet agha Eastern Prussia nwekwara nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee. Iru agha commandant si ọrụ, nke site April 1945, e nwere ndị na-ama iri atọ na isii. Nzube ha bụ ịkọ ndị German bi, atọ ndị yiri nkata na gradual ntughari ka ndi nkiti na ndụ.

N'afọ ndị ahụ, ke ofụri n'ókèala East Prussia ezo puku German ọrụ na agha mere ìgwè dị iche iche aka na sabotaji na ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru. Naanị na April 1945, ndị agha commandant si ọrụ weghaara karịa puku atọ na njikere fascists.

Otú ọ dị, nke dị n'ókèala Königsberg na gburugburu ebe bụ n'ụlọ ka mfe ma German ụmụ amaala. E nwere ihe dị 140 na puku ndị mmadụ.

Na 1946 n'obodo Königsberg e renamed Kaliningrad, dapụtara na kpụrụ na Kaliningrad mpaghara. Na n'ọdịnihu ọ gbanwere aha ndị ọzọ niile. Na njikọ na mgbanwe ndị a ka e redone na ẹdude map tupu 1945 East Prussia.

East Prussian ala taa

Ụbọchị ndị a, ndị bụbu ókèala ndị Kaliningrad region bụ Prussians. East Prussia kwụsịrị ịdị adị na 1945. Na ọ bụ ezie na mpaghara bụ a akụkụ nke Russian Federation, ha na-geographically iche. Na mgbakwunye na ndutịm center - Kaliningrad (ruo 1946 mụụrụ aha Königsberg), a na-mepụtara obodo ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka Bagrationovsk, Baltic, Gvardeisk, Amber, Sovetsk, Chernyakhovsk, Krasnoznamensk, Neman, Ozersk, Primorsk, Svetlogorsk. The ebe mejupụtara asaa mepere emepe distrikti, obodo abụọ na iri na abua na distrikti. Main iche iche bi n'ókèala a na - a Russian, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, ndị Armenia na ndị Germany.

Ka ụbọchị, na Kaliningrad region kwubara mbụ na mmepụta nke amba, na-echebekwa ya n'obi ụfọdụ iri itoolu percent nke ya zuru ụwa ọnụ mee.

Adọrọ Mmasị oge a East Prussia

Na ọ bụ ezie na taa na map nke Eastern Prussia gbanwere n'ofè ude, na ala dị ha obodo na obodo nta na ugbu a na ebe nchekwa nke gara aga. The spirit nke pụrụ oké mba na obi ka na taa Kaliningrad na mpaghara na obodo nile, nke bụ aha Tapiau na Taplaken, Tilsit na Insterburg, Ragnit na Waldau.

The njem nleta na-ewu ewu tours mụụrụ na stud ugbo "Georgenburg". Ọ dị na n'oge nke iri na atọ na narị afọ. Georgenburg ebe e wusiri ike bụ ogige eden German knights na Agha Ntụte isi kpatara na ịnyịnya ozuzu.

Ruo ugbu a, ndị chọọchị na-ọma ẹnịm, wuru na iri na anọ na narị afọ (na mbụ n'obodo Hayligenvalde na Arnau), nakwa dị ka chọọchị nke iri na isii na narị afọ na ókèala nke mbụ obodo Tapiau. Ndị a dị ebube ụlọ na-mgbe niile na-echetara ndị mmadụ nke ochie nke Teutonic Order of ọganihu.

naiti nke nnukwu ụlọ

a n'ala ndị kasị ochie bara ọgaranya amba mee dọtara German mwakpo. Na nke iri na atọ na narị afọ na Polish isi, ya na Teutonic Knights nwayọọ nwayọọ jide onwunwe na wughachiri ọtụtụ castles. Anọgide nke ụfọdụ n'ime ha, ebe ndị ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta, na taa ka a na-adịgide adịgide echiche na ya dịkọrọ ndụ. The kasị ukwuu ọtụtụ ochie castles na-wuru na iri na anọ na iri na ise na narị afọ. Ha ebe owuwu e jidere Prussian Valenod-ụrọ e wusiri ike. Mgbe ewu castles bụchaghị nọ ọdịnala na style eke n'úkwù Gothic ije nke mbubreyo Middle Ages. Ke adianade do, ihe niile ụlọ-eme ihe a otu atụmatụ nke ha na-ewu. Taa oge ochie nnukwu ụlọ Insterburg meghere ihe ọhụrụ ghe oghe ngosi nka.

N'etiti ndị bi na ndị ọbịa nke Kaliningrad region bụ a nnọọ ewu ewu obodo n'ohu. Ọ bụ a pụrụ iche na mpaghara ngosi nka na oge ochie cellars Waldau Castle. Mgbe ịga ya, anyị pụrụ iji obi ike na-ekwu na n'ihu anya ya na-azacha dum akụkọ ihe mere eme nke East Prussia, kemgbe oge ochie Prussians na-agwụcha oge nke Soviet kwabatara.