Eletrik na mmiri: ya si malite, quantitative na qualitative e ji mara

Fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla onye na maara otú kọwaa eletrik eduzi ije nke ebubo ahụ. Otú ọ dị, nke bụ eziokwu bụ na malite na ije nke ya na a dịgasị iche iche nke gburugburu dị nnọọ iche n'ebe onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Karịsịa, eletriki ugbu a na mmiri mmiri nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ Njirimara karịa iwu ngagharị nke ebubo ahụ. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere otu dara na-eduzi.

Isi ihe dị iche bụ na nke ugbu a na mmiri mmiri - ije ebubo ion, ie atọm ma ọ bụ na ụmụ irighiri ihe, nke na n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ nwere furu efu ma ọ bụ nweela electrons. Na nke a, otu n'ime ndị na-egosi nke a ije bụ ịgbanwe Njirimara nke umi, nke na-agụnye ndị a ion. Dabere na definition nke eletrik, anyị nwere ike iche na n'oge decomposition nke na-ezighị ezi na ebubo ion ga-akpali kwupụta nti ike isi iyi, ma na-enwe, nke bụ ihe megidere-adịghị mma.

The decomposition usoro ngwọta ụmụ irighiri n'ime nti na-adịghị mma ion nwetara Science aha electrolytic dissociation. N'ihi ya, eletrik na-adị n'ihi na mmiri na, na iche na otu metal waya, na-agbanwe ihe ndị mejupụtara na chemical Njirimara nke a oke mmiri, n'ihi na a usoro nke na-akpụ akpụ ion.

Eletrik na mmiri, ihe nakpata ya ma quantitative na qualitative e ji mara ndidi a nsogbu bụ isi, nke ogologo aku ọmụmụ nke ama physics Michael Faraday. Karịsịa, site ọtụtụ nwere, na ọ bụ ike gosi na uka nke electrolytic umi bụ kpọmkwem dabere na nke ukwu nke ọkụ eletrik na oge mgbe ndị electrolysis a rụrụ. On ọ bụla ihe ndị ọzọ, ma e wezụga n'ihi na genus nke umi, nke a adịghị adabere na uka.

Ọzọkwa, site n'ịmụ ugbu a na mmiri mmiri, Faraday experimentally hụrụ na maka iche nke otu kilogram ọ bụla umi n'oge electrolysis ga-abụ otu nọmba nke electric ebubo. A ego bụ hà 9.65 • July 10 na., Nwetara aha Faraday.

N'adịghị ka ndị metal-eduzi, eletrik na mmiri gbara mmiri ụmụ irighiri, nke ukwu siere ije nke umi ion. Na nke a, ọ bụla electrolyte nwere ike na-etolite na a obere ugbu a voltaji. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ nke ihe ngwọta na-abawanye, ya conductivity na-abawanye, na na electric ubi na-abawanye.

Electrolysis nwere ọzọ na-akpali mma. The ihe bụ na ire ere puru nke a akpan akpan molekul n'ime nti na-adịghị mma ion dị elu, nke ukwuu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ irighiri nke mgbaze na umi ya. N'otu oge, ụfọdụ ebe ọ na-abịa ion supersaturation nke ngwọta, whereupon ngwọta conductivity amalite ịjụ. N'ihi ya, ihe ndị kasị oké electrolytic dissociation ga-ebe a ngwọta ebe ion ịta bụ nnọọ ala ma eletrik osisi ike dị otú ahụ ngwọta dị ala.

electrolysis usoro na ọtụtụ-eji dị iche iche ulo oru nwetara metụtara electrochemical Jeremaya mere. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa nke ha na-agụnye njikere nke metal via electrolyte nnu electrolysis, chlorine na-eji ya emepụta, redox Jeremaya chọrọ maka ndị dị otú ahụ bekee ka hydrogen, polishing ebupụta electroplating. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, n'ibu injinịa na ngwá nnọọ nkịtị usoro nke nnụcha adịwo nke bụ a nkwadebe nke a metal enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-achọghị adịghị.