Engineering geology. Geological engineering nnyocha e mere

Geology - ọkà mmụta sayensị nke ụwa. Ọ bụ a dum mgbagwoju nke na nkà mmụta sayensị ọzụzụ ma na ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara ọmụmụ nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ na ya miri n'ógbè. Geology ebumnobi anya isi na ihe ọmụma nke iwu nke e guzobere na ọnọdụ nke MPI (ịnweta ego). Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị kpọmkwem mbipụta kwara na oge a geology, na-ezo aka a omimi nke banyere 10-15 km, nke e mere site a geological omimi nke ịkpụ ke ubi nke oge ochie ịkpakọba na nke ugbu a larịị nke teknuzu ike na mmepụta nke ịnweta ngagharị.

General echiche

Engineering Geology bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị na oru alaka nke geology na-amụrụ e ji mara na ihe nakawa etu esi nke mmekọrịta n'etiti geological ebe obibi na engineering owuwu. The ihe nke geology bụ elu n'ígwé na horizons jikọrọ ọnụ geological ọnọdụ nke ha guzobere na deposition, morphological, ike na ike e ji mara ruru ka engineering na ụba na-arụ ọrụ onye.

Yana ukwuu pụrụ iche aga-eme, Engineering Geology agụnye ọmụmụ nke geological n'usoro ochichi, mejupụtara na Njirimara nke ala, hydrogeological ọnọdụ, na-ebibi geological Filiks ma na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọzọ okwu. Ya mere geology bases gụnyere mkpa maka ụfọdụ sara mbara ihe ọmụma na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke n'akụkụ geologic ọzụzụ, tinyere general geology, mineralogy, geomorphology, hydrogeology, petrography, tectonics, Geophysicists na ndị ọzọ.

Mgbaru ọsọ na nzube

Engineering na geological nnyocha na-iji na mmejuputa ihe integrated na mbara ntule nke geological ihe kpatara mmadụ ọrụ na-ewu na aku nọ, na njikọ na eke geological Filiks.

Isi engineering geology nsogbu metụtara ọmụmụ nke geological na tectonic, geomorphological, seismic na technogenic ihe, na-etinye uche na mmepe nke engineering-geological ọmụmụ, nke bụchaghị tupu ndị na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ na ọnọdụ nke obodo engineering oru ngo. Nke a obodo na ulo oru ụlọ na akụkụ, okporo ụzọ, ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, dams, àkwà mmiri, na ọdụ ụgbọelu, ụzọ okpuru ala, ala arụ, ala utilities, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ihe.

N'ihi ya, engineering geology iji nye ndị na-emepụta, na-ewu ụlọ na ọrụ iwu ihe nke azụmahịa ụlọ ọrụ niile data dị mkpa maka imewe na-ewu ụlọ, nakwa dị ka na-ebu ndị metụtara ha ọrụ.

Dabere na-arụpụta nke geological nyocha ikpokọta a akụkọ na isi ekwe omume nke ndị na-ewu ụlọ ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu ma na-ekpebi ihe ndị kasị mma na saịtị maka ha pụrụ isi chọta. Report kwesịrị ịgụnye kwe nkwa na ihe ka mma usoro nke imewe nke ọrụ, aro maka aghụghọ na okwu nke ha kacha pụrụ ịdabere na mgbochi mbuso na o kwere omume na-ezighị ezi geological Filiks na ike ize nchekwa nke ụlọ ma ọ bụ Ọdịdị.

The isi ngalaba nke engineering geology

Dị ka akụkụ nke sayensị nke geology, engineering geology, n'aka nke ya, na-agụnye a nọmba nke onwe-ịdọ aka ná ntị, nke isi na-atụle engineering geodynamics, Ala na mpaghara engineering geology.

Ala, dị ka aha na-egosi, bụ a na nkà mmụta sayensị alaka geology, nke bụ maka na Ọdịdị, mejupụtara na Njirimara nke ala, iwu nke ha guzobere na ìgwè, nakwa dị ka peculiarities nke gbasara ohere na temporal mgbanwe mere site ewu engineering na ụba na-eme nke ndị mmadụ.

The ihe nke Engineering Geodynamics bụ a dịgasị iche iche nke taa geologic Filiks nwere a ịrịba mmetụta na ọnọdụ ndị na-ewu na ime ihe nke azụmahịa ụlọ ọrụ nke ọ bụla size. Site na Filiks nke ụdị gụnyere ala ọma jijiji, mbuze dị iche iche si malite, dips, subsidence, cracks na ndị ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye na ọmụmụ na amụma, ha niile na-na ọ dị mkpa ịzụlite na-echebe na nchekwa jikoro, nke nwekwara na-ezo aka na nsogbu nke engineering geodynamics.

Regional engineering geology, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ geological engineering, ịmụ atụmatụ na iwu mmepe nke uppermost n'ígwé nke Ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ, na-eme ihe na-akpọ lithosphere, n'ihi na ugbu a na-zubere engineering na azụmahịa na obodo engineering ọrụ nke mmadụ. Ma isiokwu nke mpaghara geology bụ site definition geological ihe on a mpaghara ọnụ ọgụgụ.

Physico-n'ibu Njirimara nke nkume na Ona

Ịrụ imewe na-ewu ụlọ na-amụ physico-n'ibu Njirimara nke nkume na ala bụ nke paramount dị mkpa n'ihi na nke ngụkọta oge nke ike, pụrụ ịdabere na anwụ ngwa ngwa nke isi nke ihe owuwu na-adabere na ọtụtụ iwu mkpebi metụtara ị na-ahọrọ na ụlọ Ọdịdị, size, ụdị na olu mkpebi siri ike ewu na metụtara ọrụ. Na nke a, na anụ ahụ na n'ibu Njirimara nke nkume na Ona bụchaghị nyochaa na niile nkebi nke injinịa na geological nyocha.

N'ihi na anụ ahụ-n'ibu kwa nke nkume na Ona na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ e ji mara: granulometry, plasticity, urughuru njupụta, mmiri ọdịnaya, nnukwu njupụta, shiee ike, ike ọdụdọ uniaxial mkpakọ, n'akuku nke Zuru, petrographic mejupụtara, subsidence nke ọzịza na shrinkage, modulus nke ekwedo, ọnụọgụ ala na-eguzogide, modulus, suffusion leaching, Poisson si ruru, nnu ọdịnaya, nyo ọnụọgụ, mmiri absorption, mmiri saturation, na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọzọ kwa.

Ịchọpụta geotechnical Njirimara nke nkume na Ona invariably esokwa na-amụ ma chemical mejupụtara, nakwa dị ka bughi na textural atụmatụ.

The mejupụtara na ikpo nke geotechnical ọmụmụ

Engineering na geological nyocha anọgide na-agụnye nyoputa onyeiro ọrụ, engineering-geological nnyocha e mere, Engineering-geological nnyocha e mere, detalizatsionnye ọma n'oge ewu na ikpeazụ nnyocha maka ya ẹkụre.

Nyoputa onyeiro bụ a keukwu ntule nke geological na Geophysical ihe ọmụma iji chọpụta feasibility nke ọzọ, ọzọ zuru ezu na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụrụ na e ebe zubere geological engineering, geology, n'ógbè e ọma na-amụ, na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike na-amalite ozugbo iduzi engineering na geological nnyocha e mere.

Agbapụ a rụrụ na-amụ geomorphological na hydrogeological atụmatụ, geotechnical Njirimara nke nkume na Ona, na-egosi nke nọ n'ọrụ geological Filiks na mkpokọta ntule nke geological ọnọdụ dị n'ógbè ahụ nke atumatu ewu ọrụ.

Dị ka ihe nke ngagharị ka imewe atụmatụ zuru ezu ma akwụkwọ.

Ọdịnaya nke ulo oru engineering na geological ọmụmụ

Ahụkarị mgbagwoju engineering na geological nnyocha, dị ka a na-achị, na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke na-arụ ọrụ :

• Preliminary laabu nhazi nke anakọtara ihe onwunwe;
• amụ efe n'elu foto;
• ụzọ ọmụmụ;
• Geophysical nyocha;
• nwale eme, nke gụnyere-egwu olulu mmiri;
• ule nke nkume na Ona n'ubi;
• hydrogeological nlekota;
• Anyịnya ọmụmụ;
• laabu ọrụ;
• nchoputa nke ndị na-ewu ụlọ na owuwu;
• zuru laabu nhazi nke anakọtara ihe;
• na ide nke ikpeazụ akụkọ na ngosi graphic ihe, na-atụ aro na echiche.

Final pụta geological engineering nnyocha e mere

N'ịchịkọta ihe, i nwere ike chọrọ depụta kpọmkwem ma doo anya na ihe geotechnical ọmụmụ.

N'ihi ya, dị ka data set of engineering na geological ọrụ rụrụ na nyere atụmatụ nke ndị na-esonụ parameters:

• kwụsie ike nkume ntọala rụrụ ka deformation, nke na-eduga a "protrusion" site na ntọala;
• sawmills na ogo mkpakọ na usoro iheomume nke ala ke ukot nke ụlọ;
• kwụsie ike nke nkume na ala mkpọda ịgbari, ewu olulu, okporo ụzọ ọwa, embankments, dikes, ọwa mmiri na ndị ọzọ na aka wuru recesses;
• kwụsie ike nke haịdrọlik owuwu (e.g. dams) ịkpacha ajị deformation n'okpuru mgbali nke mmiri ọdọ;
• ịkọ ụsọ oké osimiri mgbe ndị na-ewu nke ọdọ;
• kwụsie ike bases nke ụlọ na owuwu na ịrị elu nke ala;
• nkwado engineering na mmekọ ụlọ wuru na permafrost na seismic ize ndụ ebe, ebe karst cavities, mbuze, snow na ndị ọzọ na ọdachi.

usoro iwu akwụkwọ

Geotechnical n'ichepụta ọrụ a na-eme dị na teknuzu chọrọ ndị dị na ndepụta (uko) nnyocha e mere nke mmepụta iwu na-akwado imewe nke preparatory eme tupu mmalite nke ewu, nakwa dị ka ihe na-aga n'ihu nnyocha rụrụ n'oge na-ewu na ime ihe nke elu iji kpochapụ ha.

Akara ndepụta usoro iwu ụkpụrụ nduzi maka mmepụta nke engineering-geological nnyocha e mere na-arụ ọrụ na-agụnye a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ codes na ụkpụrụ (SNIP), nke mezie ogbugbu nke ọrụ ke ido kenyere ala ụkpụrụ na iwu.