Falsification nke akwụkwọ: Nkeji edemede 327 nke Criminal Usoro. Ibu maka falsification nke akwụkwọ. Ụdị akwụkwọ wayo

Arumaaru bụ ime mpụ. Arumaaru nwere ike rụrụ site na-ahọpụta (dochie) niile ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla nke na-ọcha nke akwụkwọ. Tụlee ihe ọzọ otú falsification nke akwụkwọ.

Isi

Na Criminal Usoro falsification nke akwụkwọ e ji nkọwa nke onye na-eme. Na nke a, ọ pụtara kpọmkwem nke na okwu bụ "counterfeiting" na-mara na Usoro. Arumaaru ọkachamara kọwara dị ka mmepụta nke akwụkwọ eji dummy Iṅomi, copier, forms napụrụ iwu na-akwadoghị, esorowo stampụ, signatures, stampụ. Arumaaru nwere ike rụrụ site na-eme degharịa ma ọ bụ mgbanwe ndị mbụ zuru ezu, mbibi nke ndị dị ederede (ọnwụ, rinsing, etching, nzacha na mkpocha), na-agbakwunye ọhụrụ ndia (gluing, fanye ọzọ ndetu).

Falsification nke akwụkwọ: Criminal

Arumaaru nwere ike ịbụ onwe ha ma ọ bụ ịbụ akụkụ nke a mpụ ndị ọzọ. Ke akpa idaha, n'ihi na ihe atụ, nwere ike ịbụ a falsification nke electoral akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ iche a referendum. Na a na-ele ka uru nwere ike tampered na, na mgbe ahụ na-ere ala na ego. Na-eme ka ụgha ọgwụ akwụkwọ na-akọwa 233 isiokwu nke Criminal Usoro. Falsification nke akwụkwọ nke a ọgwụ uwa, prescriptions, asambodo na na na-enye ohere iji nweta na pharmacies narcotic ma ọ bụ psychotropic ọgwụ ọjọọ. Dị ka otu nọọrọ onwe ha mpụ eme adịgboroja na-ewe na ọrịre nke mmezi ma ọ bụ kaadị akwụmụgwọ na ndị ọzọ ụgwọ ala. Nke a ọ bụghị ihe niile ejiji nke falsification nke akwụkwọ. Nkeji edemede 327 nke Criminal Usoro-enye ntaramahụhụ maka adịgboroja na-ewe, rụpụta ma ọ bụ ọrịre nke nru ugha ala enọ, akàrà, stampụ, iche-iche, akwụkwọ. Arumaaru kọwara na art. 292.

Ụdị akwụkwọ wayo

Dị na iche iche nke ndị dere, adịgboroja na-ewe nwere ike ịbụ n'ozuzu ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem. Na analysis of kanta ọkachamara na-ekpughe ihe kpọmkwem e rụrụ falsification nke akwụkwọ. Nkeji edemede 327 nke Criminal Usoro nwere a ndepụta mgbakwasị na nke kpebisiri ike site, ihe atụ, ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi arumaaru. Na nke a, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-agụnye niile dị mkpa nkọwa, nwere a mgbe nile udi, ma data weputara na ya, na-abụghị eziokwu. Ọzọkwa, e nwere ihe onwunwe falsification nke akwụkwọ. Nkeji edemede nke Criminal Usoro, na-akọwa onye ọ bụ ọzọ nke mpụ, nwere ike na-agụnye a full ma ọ bụ ele mmadụ anya n'ihu kanta. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a na udi ka adịgboroja akwụkwọ. Ha na-mere site na ụlọ ọrụ akwụsịwo ịdị adị ma ọ bụ nru ugha mmadụ, ọ bụghị gbaara site na nzukọ ma ọ bụ ndị ọkachamara ndị na-.

cleanup

E nwere ụzọ dị iche iche site na nke rụrụ falsification nke akwụkwọ. Erasure akpọ n'ibu mwepụ nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ederede. Dị ka a na-achị, ehichapu nchicha ma ọ bụ ịkpụcha na a mma, agụba ọrịa strok, akwụkwọ ozi, nọmba. Mgbe erasures agbajikwa top oyi akwa nke akwụkwọ, a òkè-ya nile a na-ewepụ ya na ndị ederede ọcha. Ihe ịrịba ama nke a na usoro na-agbanwe agbanwe gloss, ruffled emep uta eri, thinning nke akwụkwọ, ghara ịma ọdịiche ink edebe on top nke ederede, na na. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị ehichapu òkè masked, ezigbo varnished ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla siri ike. Ọzọkwa zobe erasures nwere ike ịbụ a na-aga n'ihu ọrịa strok nke ederede.

etching

Nke a na usoro bụ a flushing ma ọ bụ bleaching ọgwụ: oxidants, alkalis, asịd. The bekee nwere mmetụta ọ bụghị nanị na ederede a ga-ehichapụ, ma ozugbo na akwụkwọ, na ndabere okporo na na. Mgbe na-eji chemical etching ga-kwesiri ngosi mgbanwe akwụkwọ agba. Na-emekarị na-egosi na-acha odo odo tụrụ. A ga-enwekwa anya ihu agbasa ink mgbe ibi akwụkwọ site n'elu, na-agwụ ike nke ìhè nke ọrịa strok. Nke ikpeazụ bụ na ya pụta na-aga n'ihu mmetụta nke chemical reagent fọdụrụ akwụkwọ.

ọzọ ndetu

Ọ bụ ihe na mgbakwunye na onyeōzi ọcha nke iche iche okwu, odide, akwụkwọ ozi na paragraf. Ọzọ ndetu a rụrụ, na-emekarị na ink, otu na agba ka ẹdude ederede. The isi atụmatụ ndị dị otú ahụ e nwere protrude iche iche na aka dere atụmatụ ke tụnyere akụkụ. Letters nwere ike dị iche iche size, ọkpụrụkpụ. Ke adianade do, ihe otu aha nwere ike dị iche iche e dere, na akwụkwọ nwere ike ahụrụ site dị iche iche ịdị ukwuu etiti oge, atụmatụ akwụsị ede, ihu na-agbasa edoghi, dechapụ ahịrị, ọnụnọ nke ọrịa strok nke ederede na na.

overprint

Ọ bụ na Nsonye nke typewritten odide, paragraf, okwu, dị iche iche na-agụ akụkọ. A, mgbanwe ndị a na-mere na a obere olu. Otú ọ dị, ha nwere ike budata emetụta ọdịnaya. Ya mere, dopechatyvaya onye nọmba, mkpụrụedemede, ị nwere ike ịgbanwe ego nke invoices, okwu, receipts. The iche atụmatụ ndị dị otú ahụ e nwere protrude mismatch kwụ ịrịba ama, ndị iche dị na size na ihe osise nke yiri odide, na agba mpe mpe akwa e ji esiji ákwà.

nnọchi nke mmiri

A, na ndị dị otú a n'ụzọ esorowo njirimara kaadị. Akwụkwọ ikike ngafe, gafee na ndị ọzọ na akwụkwọ na-anọchi karịa foto. Nyochawa, a usoro nwere ike mere ụzọ dị iche iche. Ka ihe atụ, foto nwere ike dochie anya kpamkpam, na-ahapụ a iberibe nke a akara, na otú pụta. Perekleivanie hụrụ ekpepụsị n'elu oyi akwa na-etolite a picture wee gburugburu ya, a mismatch na ọdịnaya, na nke nke akwụkwọ ozi nke ederede ibipụta na foto na akwụkwọ, na na. Na ikpe nke multi-page akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ mgbanwe ọcha nwere ike iche na size, a ịkpụ akara, agba ndo. Ọzọkwa anya ndiiche n'etiti mgbapu saịtị na Obere vidiyo na Nọmba, ụlọ, na usoro nke na peeji nke.

adịgboroja na-ewe nke signatures

Tampering na-na a rụrụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Karịsịa, ọ ga-simulated (eṅomi) authentic sample, na-edegharị na ojiji nke ngwaọrụ. Anya adịgboroja mbinye aka nwere ike mata site na ọnọdụ na-esote na ọrịa strok na-adịghị overlapped preparatory metụrụ na ihe ịrịba ama nke a slowdown na mmegharị (akwụsị, podrisovki masịrị endings edoghi).

adịgboroja Mbipụta

Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ a ga-gbaara site na stampụ na akàrà, bụ nke a kpọmkwem ederede na ihe ịrịba ama. Bipụtaghachiri esorowo panache, cliché imewe nke roba na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ, mmiri Iṅomi si mbụ na na. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji gbaara, na etiti nke a okirikiri ebipụta na-scanned Chọpụta nke ụkwụ anụ nke a compass. Ọ ga-apụta ìhè heterogeneity nke ụkpụrụ yiri na size nke akwụkwọ ozi, ha asymmetrical ọnọdụ ikwu na spacer ọcha. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị ọkachamara na-ekpughe ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ na mkpụrụ okwu ndị njehie na ederede na-ebipụta. Mgbe na-eji a na mpe mpe akwa achọpụtara reflectivity akwụkwọ ozi, enweghị ụfọdụ ọcha. Iji zere nke a ntụpọ, iji perekopirovaniya usoro. Ka ihe atụ, mbụ echiche a na-ewepụ site a nnyapade ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ egg-acha ọcha, na-etinyezi aka n'ụdị.

ntaramahụhụ

Iwu akọwaputa ibu n'ihi falsification nke akwụkwọ. Karịsịa, maka adịgboroja na-ewe nke asambodo na ndị ọzọ ukara akwụkwọ enye ikike ma ọ bụ gbochiri ya ịrụ ọrụ, n'ichepụta ka ahịa n'ihi uru ala kwuo, stampụ, akàrà, forms nyere:

• Mmachi nke nnwere onwe ruo 2 ma ọ bụ 3 afọ.
• Ijide maka 6 ọnwa.

The ugboro ugboro mpụ iwu na-enye aka 4 mkpọrọ afọ. Ọ bụrụ na a nwa amaala maara na akwụkwọ ahụ bụ a adịgboroja, ma jiri ya mee, o nwere ike inye:

• A ezi nke ruo 200 ugboro kacha nta ụgwọ ma ọ bụ hà ụgwọ ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ego maka oge site 1 2 ọnwa.
• Manye ma ọ bụ edozi ọrụ. Ke akpa idaha ha ogologo - ruo 240 awa abụọ - 2 afọ.
• Ijide ruo ọnwa isii.