Famous physics. Famous nuclear physics

Na-amụ iwu okike okorobịa ya na aku ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ gara aga. Enweghị mkpa akụrụngwa, ndị okpukpe ọchịchị aka ike, ndị siri ohere agum maka ndị na-enweghị ịrịba ama na ala - a nile enweghị ike ịkwụsị ọganihu nke echiche sayensi. Famous physics si gburugburu ụwa na-enwe ike ịmụta otú ebunye ọmụma karịrị anya, na-ọkụ eletrik, na ọtụtụ ihe, ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Gịnị bụ aha kasị mkpa maka akụkọ? Anyị depụta ụfọdụ ndị kasị eminent ọkachamara.

Albert Einstein

N'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị a mụrụ na March 1879 n'obodo Ulm, na Germany. Albert nna nna biri na Swabia, a ole na ole narị afọ, ma ya onwe ya ruo mgbe ikpeazụ ụbọchị ole na ole nọ na ebe nchekwa nke ihe nketa ha - kwuru na a aka nke ndịda German olu okwu. Gụrụ akwụkwọ na mpako na ụlọ akwụkwọ na mgbe ahụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ebe site ná mmalite họọrọ eke sayensị na sayensị. Na-erule afọ 16 ọ mụtara ihe nile a choro maka mbanye mahadum, ma ọ bụghị ịnagide udomo oro na asụsụ. O sina dị, n'oge na-adịghị, ọ ghọrọ a na-amụrụ nke Polytechnic University dị na Zurich. Nkụzi ya ndị a ma ama na V na mathematicians nke oge, n'ihi na ihe atụ, Hermann Minkowski, onye na-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-abịa na nke zuru okè usoro maka ngosipụta nke ozizi relativity. Ọtụtụ n'ime oge, Einstein nọrọ ke ụlọ nyocha, ma ọ bụ na-agụ ọrụ nke Maxwell, Kirchhoff na ndị ọzọ na-eduga ọkachamara na ubi. Mgbe amụ ụfọdụ oge Albert bụ onye nkụzi, na mesịrị ghọọ a technical ọkachamara patent ụlọ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ na nke o bipụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ya a ma ama ọrụ, na-eto ya ka ụwa. Ọ gbanwere otú ndị mmadụ chere banyere ohere bụ a usoro na-eme uka ka otu ụdị nke ike, na nke ukwuu na-amụ molekụla physics. Ịga nke ọma ya anya, e ọdịda nke Nobel chọr'inwe, na ọkà mmụta sayensị kwagara US, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ruo ọnwụ ya.

Nikola naa

Nke a nchepụta nke Austria na Hungarian Empire, ikekwe ihe ndị kasị ama physics na ụwa. Wuru n'ụzọ pụrụ agwa na revolutionary chọpụtara ya ma ama na-sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ọtụtụ ndị so dee na-emepụta maka ojiji nke oyiyi-ya na ọrụ ya. A muru ya na July 1856, na si n'oge afọ, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ maara nke ọma physics, ọ malitere na-egosi a ọchịchọ-anara sayensị. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, ọ chọpụtara onu nke nwetụ ugbu a, fluorescent ìhè na nyefe ike enweghị wires, azụlitewo a ime akara na a na usoro maka ịgwọ ujo, mere electric clocks, anyanwụ engine, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche na ngwaọrụ, nke natara karịrị narị atọ na nchọpụta Kemịkalụ. Ke adianade do, e kweere na radio echepụta mara physics Popov na Marconi, ma nke mbụ bụ ka naa. Modern electric ike dabeere nanị na ya onwe ya rụzuru na nchoputa. Otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ịrịba nwere nke Nikola bụ nyefe nke ugbu a iri ise kilomita. O jisiri ìhè a di na nwunye nke narị ìhè bulbs enweghị wires, ewu a nnukwu ụlọ elu nke ama àmụmà na égbè eluigwe ahụ a nụrụ nile obi. Ikpọ na ize ndụ ghọrọ ya edenyere. Na mberede, ndị film a na-gosiri site na nke a karịsịa ahụmahụ.

Isaak Nyuton

Ọtụtụ maara nke ọma ọmụmụ physics mere a ịrịba onyinye, ma Newton a bụ ụdị a ọsụ ụzọ. Iwu ya bụ ihe ndabere nke ọtụtụ oge a echiche, na na oge nke ha chọpụtara bụ n'ezie revolutionary development. Omumu nke ama England na 1643. Site na nwata o nwere mmasị physics na ihe karịrị afọ dere ọrụ ọma na mgbakọ na mwepụ, astronomy na Gbasara Anya. Ọ mbụ jisiri ichepụta ihe ndị bụ isi iwu okike ya, nke o mmetụta dị ukwuu na dịkọrọ ndụ ọrụ. Ọ dịghị ihe ijuanya na Isaak Nyuton e kwetara na Royal Society nke London, na kemgbe oge ụfọdụ, na ya president.

Lev Landau

Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ maara nke ọma ọmụmụ physics, Landau na ọtụtụ doro anya na-egosipụta onwe ya na usoro iwu okirikiri. Kpara Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị a mụrụ na January 1908, n'ezinụlọ nke ihe engineer na a dọkịta. Ọ brilliantly na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu na debara aha na Baku mahadum, ebe ọ malitere ịmụ physics na onwu. N'ihi na iri na itoolu afọ enye ama bipụtara anọ research akwụkwọ. Amamiihe ọrụ e tinyeworo ọmụmụ nke kwantum na-ekwu na njupụta matrices, na electrodynamics. Landau rụzuru e ọdịda nke Nobel chọr'inwe, ke adianade do, a Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị natara ọtụtụ Stalin Nrite, dike nke Socialist Labor, bụ ùgwù so na Royal Society nke London na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mba ọzọ academies nke Sciences. Ọ rụkọrọ ọrụ na Heisenberg, Pauli na Bohr. Ikpeazụ mmetụta Landau bụ karịsịa - echiche ya pụtara na chepụtara na magnetik Njirimara nke free electrons.

Dzheyms Maksvell

Na-eme ka a ndepụta, nke ga-agụnye ndị kasị ama physics nke ụwa, ọ bụghị banyere aha. Dzheyms Klerk Maksvell bụ a British ọkà mmụta sayensị onye mepụtara oge gboo electrodynamics. A muru ya na June 1831, na-ama site 1860 nke ghọrọ onye òtù nke Royal Society. Maxwell kere mba mbụ physics laabu na ọrụ ngwá. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na electromagnetism, na kinetic Ozizi, haruru, Gbasara Anya, ekwedo na ndị ọzọ isiokwu. Ọ otu n'ime ndị mbụ jisiri ike a ngwaọrụ maka quantitative n'ihe nke na agba, mgbe e mesịrị na-akpọ Maxwell disk. Na ozizi ya, o weere niile mara eziokwu nke electrodynamics na ẹkenam echiche nke Ndahie ugbu a, nke site na ndọta. Maxwell owụt niile iwu na anọ arụmarụ. Ha analysis na-enye ohere na-egosi na iwu nile, nke di na mbụ na-amaghị.

Igor Kurchatov

A maara nke ọma nuclear physics nke Soviet Union nwekwara kwesịrị mkpotu. Igor Kurchatov toro na Crimea, e gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mahadum. Ebe ọ bụ na 1924 malitere na-arụ ọrụ dị ka otu nnyemaaka nke Department of Physics nke Azerbaijan Polytechnic Institute, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị goro na Leningrad. N'ihi na ihe ịga nke ọma na-amụ dielectrics ọ e ọdịda nke agụmakwụkwọ ogo dọkịta. N'okpuru idu ndú ya, ugbua na 1939 edeba aha ya n'usuu ndị cyclotron ọrụ. Igor Kurchatov ada ọrụ na nuclear Jeremaya mere na ama ada Soviet atọm oru ngo. mbụ nuclear ike osisi e meghere n'okpuru ya. Kurchatov kere mbụ Soviet atọm na hydrogen bombs. N'ihi ya rụzuru natara ọtụtụ ala enọ na Ọla.