Francis Bret Harte: biography, akwụkwọ, photos

Ebe ọ bụ na ọnwụ nke ndị a ma ama bụ onye so dee Bret Harte bụ ihe karịrị otu narị afọ. Ma ọrụ ya e dere na 60-70-ies nke XIX na narị afọ ruo ugbu a bụ nke bara uru n'ihi na ọha mmadụ na ụwa.

Mara eziokwu si biography of American dere

August 25, 1836 na State of New York na Albany mụrụ Francis Bret Harte - ama dere ezi uche prose na uri. Ọ na-aha ya bụ mgbe nna nna ya. Francis nna na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ozizi nke asụsụ Grik na ndị na ulo akwukwo. Site na nwata Bret Harte hụrụ n'anya na-agụ akwụkwọ. Atọ ya ụtọ ọrụ nke ndị dere dị ka Shakespeare, Dumas, Dickens, nke doro anya na-enwe mmetụta ya na-arụ ọrụ.

Na 1845, mgbe ọ bụ naanị 9 afọ, nna ya nwụrụ. The ezinụlọ bịara isi ike ego mere ugboro ugboro mgbanwe obibi. Ede akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na-amụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ruo mgbe afọ 13, na mgbe ahụ nwetara a ukochukwu irite a ndụ ma na-akwado ya na ezinụlọ ya.

Nne-ya, nke ugboro abụọ, ọ lụrụ, na 1854, Bret Harte gara biri na ya nọ California na San Francisco, ebe ọganihu nke gold rosh. Na obodo a, onye dere nwere ike irite a nkụzi na a ọgwụ, obu ozi na newspaperman. Ọ bụkwa onye nkụzi nọ n'ụlọ, a na-ede akụkọ na a prospector.

Malite edemede ọrụ

Jobs na San Francisco na The Californian magazine kwere Bret na-ebipụta ha akụkọ maka oge mbụ na 1856-m. Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara, ọ gara Uniontown na search of ndụ ka mma, na-mere ndokwa na n'akwụkwọ "Notern Californian" akụkọ. Ma na nke a obodo American dere anọghị ogologo. O nwere ike ịlaghachi San Francisco dị ka n'oge dị 1860, n'ihi na nke scandalous n'akwụkwọ na igbu ọchụ nke karịa 50 India nso n'osimiri Mbat.

Na mbata na California malitere na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye edemede na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Golden Era" Typewriting, na mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-ekwe ka ide ya ndetu. N'ihi ya, n'okpuru isiokwu bụ onye so dee malitere iputa mbinye aka - Bret Harte.

Ruo afọ atọ, a so dee aku n'akwụkwọ nke kasị dị ịrịba ama ná mmalite 70 ies nke Western American magazine The nweekwa Monthly ( "nweekwa Monthly"), na mgbe ahụ na akwụ ama. Na 1871 Gart Bret-ahapụ California ihe ọma. Ọ na-aga na a njem nke Eastern America na Canada. N'oge njem, ọ na-enye ya na nkuzi, nke dabeere na nsogbu nke ala nke California.

Na njedebe, na afọ iri anọ na afọ abụọ, Bret Hart hapụrụ US ma kwaga Europe. Onye dere gbalịrị onwe ya ọrụ nke American nnọchianya na Germany na UK - n'obodo ndị Krefeld na Glasgow. May 5, 1902, ke edide isua 66 Gart Bret akpa ke London.

Mbụ a maara

World ama American dere Francis Bret Harte me ya "California Stories". Ná ndụ ya nile, o jiri ezi uche dere. Ede akwụkwọ ọgụgụ dabeere n'ezi ihe dọọrọ mbara ọha anya ọrụ ya.

Ibi na San Francisco, Bret Harte, onye akwụkwọ nke oge anyị na-enwe ihe ịrịba uru, o dere, ya kacha mma ọrụ. Na 1870, o bipụtara a collection titled "Obi Ụtọ ebigbọ Camp". Akwụkwọ a nwere ụdị akụkọ: "Mliss", "bi n'ala ọzọ Poker Ewepụghị," "na-ekpere arụsị Wang Li." Eji ihe odide na akụkọ na-adịghị chepụtara echepụta na idealized. Writer gosipụtara eziokwu nke bụ ndụ n'ezie of America n'oge gold rosh na California.

Na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma

Kemgbe ahụ, dị ka Bret Hart ekpe California, ọ malitere na-enweta nnukwu edemede bụ onye ngọngọ. Ma, ịbụ na a mba ọzọ, onye dere enweghị ohere ka mkpa ihe maka ọrụ ha. Onye nke kasị mma akwụkwọ akụkọ nke mbubreyo novelist bụ "Gabriel Conroy", dere na 1876. Nke a collection na-agụnye ndị dị otú ahụ akụkọ dị ka "Clarence", "Steppe foundling" na "Suzy". N'oge a, Hart tọhapụrụ play "Abụọ nke Sandy Bar". Ọnụ na Mark Twain, o dere, ihe edemede "A Sin". Ọrụ ndị a na-adịghị aga nke ọma.

Adịbeghị anya otuto maka American dere ghọọ di ọku nkatọ. Enyi ya Mark Tven kwuru, sị: "Obi Ụtọ na-eji obi ụtọ Bret Harte akpa ke San Francisco!" Ebe ọ bụ na 1878, ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nke "California akụkọ banyere Gold egwuputa" ahụhụ uche na ego nsogbu. Ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ na Europe, ọ bụghị-aṅa ntị na ọrịa, ma na-enweghị ike imeta n'oge ịga nke ọma.

ama ama ọrụ

Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ Garth ibu paradigmatic. Ọ bụ ya bụ akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ: "The atọ tramps si Trinidad", "Chọta na kpakpando nile nke ìhè", "Esmeralda nkume kaniyon akụkọ.".

Ma mbụ ama na ebube onye dere mere ka akụkọ "Obi Ụtọ ebigbọ Camp", nke na-ewu ewu na ọ bụghị nanị na America, ma anya ya ala. Na ọrụ ya, Bret Harte kọwara sentimental akụkọ nke mere na otu n'ime California si obodo n'etiti gold miners. Ọ na-agwa nke otú ọbụna ọgba aghara nke ndị bi n'obodo nta ahụ na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè na-elekọta nwa ahụ, onye a hapụrụ nwa mgbei.

N'ihi na a ogologo oge n'ihi na nke a akụkọ, American ọha mmadụ aha ya bụ Bret Harte dere a mba ọzọ, "ihe ọjọọ American". Ma ọrụ ya na-echeghị na ọsọ ghọrọ-ewu ewu na Europe, ha na-sụgharịa n'ọtụtụ asụsụ.