French mgbanwe: uru ndị na-akpata, isi ihe, na-arụpụta

Narị afọ nke 18 na-ewere dị ka narị afọ nke French mgbanwe. Nkwatu ọchịchị ndị eze, na amamihe ije na atụ ụjọ kpuchiri ọbụna ọbara ihe ndị mere 1917 October mgbanwe ke obi ọjọọ ya. The French ahọrọ ịgbachi nkịtị na ihere na n'ụzọ ọ bụla romanticize oge a nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. The uru nke French mgbanwe nwere nnọọ njikọ. A pụtara ìhè ihe atụ nke otú ndị kasị bloodthirsty na egwu anụ ọhịa ahụ, disguising onwe ya na uwe nke nnwere onwe, ịha nhata na fraternity, njikere imi ha fangs n'ime onye ọ bụla, na aha ya - mgbanwe.

Ndabere nke mmalite nke mgbanwe: na socio-akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nsogbu

Rigoro ebekpo ke 1774, Louis XVI ahọpụta Robert Turgot General Finance njikwa, ma a dịgasị iche iche nke mgbanwe chọrọ a ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a jụrụ. Oké ozu ike rapagidesiri ha ihe ùgwù ha, na ihe nile levies na ahịa dina a ibu arọ n'ubu nke atọ ala na ụlọ, na-anọchite anya nke na France bụ 90%.

Na 1778, Turgot, na ụlọ ọrụ na-anọchi Nekker. Ọ abolishes serfdom nke ndị eze ngalaba, ịta n'oge ajụjụ, egbochi ndị ikpe na-akwụ ụgwọ, ma ndị a jikoro bụ nanị a dobe na oké osimiri. Absolutism na-adịghị ekwe ịzụlite ha ogologo-ikeketeorie mmekọahụ na ọha mmadụ. Ya mere, a mgbanwe nke aku na uba na ihe owuwu bụ naanị a okwu nke oge. Wee ebe mikwuo emie aku nsogbu, owụt ke uto nke ahịa na-anọghị nke ibu ke mmepụta. Onu oriri ka kụrụ ike kasị disadvantaged ndi nke bi, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị akpali podstegnuvshih uto nke revolutionary mmetụta na ọha mmadụ.

Ezi ihe nlereanya na gosiri US agha nke onwe, ume na-enwe olileanya nke revolutionary French. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere French mgbanwe, a nkenke (na echiche na-etozu okè), na ọ ga-kwuru, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nsogbu France. Oké ozu na-ewere onwe ya enịm n'etiti a oké nkume na a ike ebe - eze na ndị mmadụ. Ya mere ihe ike na-egbochi niile innovations na, echiche ya, egwu nnwere onwe na mmasị. King ghọtara na ọ dị mkpa na-ọ dịkarịa ala ihe: France ike agaghịkwa ebi na ochie.

The akpọkọta nke States General 5 May 1789

All atọ ọmụmụ-achụso ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha na nzube. Eze tụrụ anya izere ida nke aku na uba site ịgbazigharị ndị tax usoro. Oké ozu - ịnọgide na-enwe ya ọnọdụ, ọ mgbanwe ọma mkpa. Ndị nkịtị, ma ọ bụ a-atọ ala na ụlọ, tụrụ anya na ndị States-General ga-aghọkwa ebe a na ha na-ekwu akpatre nụrụ. Swan, na ịsha na Pike ...

Kpụ ọkụ arụmụka na ịtụle ruru ka oké nkwado nke ndị mmadụ nke ọma kpebiri na ihu ọma nke atọ Estate. 1200 oche 610, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ weghaara site ọha mmadụ. Na n'oge na-adịghị na ha nwere ohere iji gosi na ha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ike. June 17 na arena maka bọl ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị mmadụ, na-ewere uru nke mgbagwoju anya na vacillation n'etiti ndị ụkọchukwu na ndị oké ozu, mara ọkwa na e kere eke nke National Assembly, vowing ghara achụsakwa ruo mgbe a n'usoro ochichi. Ndị ụkọchukwu na nke ama akwado ha. The atọ ala na ụlọ gosiri na ọ dị mkpa a ga-atụle.

Bastille

Mmalite nke French mgbanwe akara a nnukwu ihe ahụ merenụ - ewere nke Bastille. The French ememe nke ụbọchị dị ka a mba ezumike. Ma akụkọ ihe mere eme, echiche ha na-ekewa: e nwere na-arụ ụka na-eche na ihe ọ bụla collection na bụghị: agha de n'afọ ofufo nyefere onwe ya, na ya niile mere n'ihi nke akpachapụghị anya nke ìgwè mmadụ. Ozugbo ọ dị mkpa iji dokwuo anya ụfọdụ ihe. Inweta ikpe, na ọdachi ahụ metụtara. Ọtụtụ ndị na-agbalị Lower akwa, ọ na-enwe ndị a mberede. Agha nwere ike iguzogide, o nwere a egbe, na ahụmahụ. E nwere agaghị ezu oriri, ma akụkọ ihe mere eme maara ihe atụ nke ndị siri agbachitere ebe ewusiri ike.

Dabere na akwụkwọ anyị nwere ndị na-esonụ: na Minister nke Finance Nekkera osote commandant nke ebe e wusiri ike Pyuzho niile kwuru okwu-ekpochapụ nke Bastille, mgbe ekwupụta a n'ozuzu echiche. The eke nke ama ebe e wusiri ike-mkpọrọ ahụ nke a kara akara - na otú ọ ga-bibie. Ma akụkọ ihe mere eme na-amaghị subjunctive ọnọdụ: July 14, 1789 bụ inweta nke Bastille, na nke a bụ mmalite nke French mgbanwe.

n'usoro iwu ochichi obodo onyeeze

Mkpebi siri ike nke ndị France na-amanye ndị ọchịchị ga-agbanwe obi. Ọnọdụ Municipalities na ghọọ a mmekota - otu nọọrọ onwe ha revolutionary ọchịchị. ama French tricolor - a ọhụrụ mba ọkọlọtọ e kuchiri. National Nche gawa site de Lafayette, onye ghọrọ ama na US Agha nke Onwe. The National Assembly malitere guzobe a ọchịchị ọhụrụ na drafting nke a n'usoro ochichi. August 26, 1789 nakweere "Declaration nke Rights of Man na nke Citizen" - kacha mkpa akwụkwọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke French mgbanwe. Na ya na-kwuru bụ isi ikike na ohere nke ọhụrụ France. Ugbu a onye ọ bụla nwere ikike ohere nke akọ na uche na-eguzogide ndị mmegbu. M nwere ike na-agwa ibe ha echiche ma na-na-echebe site encroachments na onwe onwunwe. Ugbu a niile bụ hà tupu iwu na-enwe hà ntoolite ụtụ isi. The uru nke French mgbanwe gosipụtara ọ bụla akara nke a na-aga n'ihu akwụkwọ. Ezie na ọtụtụ mba Europe nọ na-ata ahụhụ site na-elekọta mmadụ inequality N'ịbụ remnants nke Middle Ages.

Ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe 1789-1791 gg. ọtụtụ ihe agbanweela n'ike n'ike, doo nke iwu na suppression nke ọ bụla nupụrụ isi na-eduzi megide ndị ogbenye. Ọ na-machibidoro iwu iso ịlụ na omume etiwapụ. Ọrụ ọzọ duhiere.

September 3, 1891 a iwu ọhụrụ e kuchiri. O nyere nri votu na a ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị òtù nke n'etiti strata. Kpọkọrọ a ọhụrụ Legislative Assembly, onye òtù ike-re-hoputara. All a mee ka radicalization nke ndị bi na-ekwe omume nke oké ụjọ na despotism.

The iyi egwu nke mpụga mbuso agha na ọdịda nke ọchịchị ndị eze

England-atụ egwu na doo nke elu aku mgbanwe imetụta mgbalị nke France, otú ike niile kwadebe mbuso agha nke Austria na Prussia A tụbara. Ịhụ Mba n'Anya Frenchmen akwado oku iji chebe ha n'ala nna. The National Nche nke France kwalitere a mgbanwe nke ike nke eze, oruru nke Republic na oke nke a ọhụrụ mgbakọ mba. Duke nke Brunswick agbala a manifesto nke o depụtara ya n'obi: wakpo France na-ebibi mgbanwe. Ozugbo mụtara banyere ya na Paris, ihe ndị mere na French mgbanwe wee malite ịkpa ngwa ngwa. August 10 nnupụisi gara Tuileries, na ndikan Swiss-eche ha nche, jidere asaa nke eze. Emi mmadụ e enịm ke Temple e wusiri ike.

The agha na ya mmetụta na mgbanwe

Iji kọwaa ná mkpirikpi ihe French mgbanwe, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ọnọdụ na French otu bụ a obodo mix nke ana enyo enyo, ụjọ, enweghị ntụkwasị obi na-elu ilu. Lafayette efehe n'ókè ebe e wusiri ike Longwy nyefere enweghị a ọgụ. Malitere nhicha, njide na igbu mmadụ n'ìgwè na ụzọ nke Jacobins. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Girondins na Convention ndị - ha na-ahazi na-azara ọnụ, na ọbụna ibido mmeri. Ha na atụmatụ ndị ọtụtụ: si mkpochapu Paris mmekota na kpọọ nke Holland. Site na oge France na-alụ agha fọrọ nke nta dum Europe.

Personal esemokwu, na-squabbles, adalata ibi ndụ na ụba na mgbochi - n'okpuru nduzi nke ihe ndị a na-emetụta Girondins malitere ịjụ oyi, na a uru na Jacobins. Betrayal nke General Dumouriez bụ zuru okè ngọpụ ebubo ndị ọchịchị nke na-akwado na ndị iro na-ewepụ ya site na ike. Danton duru Committee of Public Safety - onyeisi ike e lekwasị ke aka nke Jacobins. The uru nke French mgbanwe na ideals nke na ọ na-anọchi, nwere furu efu niile pụtara. Oké ụjọ na ime ihe ike kpochapụ France.

oké ụjọ Apogee

France na-aga site na otu nke kasị sie ike na oge na anyị onwe anyị ihe mere eme. Ya agha alaghachi azụ, n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-enwe mmetụta Girondins ada nnupụisi. Ke adianade do, ifịk na-akwado nke ọchịchị ndị eze. Ọnwụ nke Marat Robespierre bụ otú Akpata oyi wụrụ na ọ gụrụ ya agụụ na ọbara.

Public Safety Committee gafere ọrụ nke ọchịchị - a-efegharị efegharị nke oké ụjọ kpochapụ n'elu France. Mgbe doo nke iwu nke June 10, 1794 na ebubo na agọ ikike a na-azara ọnụ. Results nke French mgbanwe, n'oge ọchịchị aka ike nke Jacobins -. Odika banyere 35 puku nwụrụ anwụ ma na ihe karịrị 120 puku agba ọsọ n'agha ..

oké ụjọ atumatu otú etinye obi gị dum na ya creators, na Republic, ịghọ asị, gburu.

Napoleon Bonaparte

France e bled ọcha agha obodo, mgbanwe na-ebelatawo ya nsogbu na adịgide. Ihe niile agbanweela: ugbu a mkpagbu na mmaja e doro onwe ha Jacobins. Ha club bụ mechiri emechi, na Committee of Public Safety na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ furu efu ike. Convention, ichebe ọdịmma nke ndị e mma karịrị afọ nke mgbanwe, na Kama nke ahụ, ike ya n'ọkwá ya, ma ọkwá ya nọgidere precarious. N'iji nke a, Jacobins haziri a mutiny na May 1795, na n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ idiọk dara mbà n'obi, ma ọ accelerated na mgbasa nke Convention.

Agafeghị oke Republicans na Girondins ike ndekọ. France na-tọrọ ure, ndụ ịla n'iyi na-ada full nke omume ọma. Otu n'ime ndị kasị a ma ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Directory bụ Gụọ Barras. O kwuru Napoleon Bonaparte na propelled ya site n'ohu site n'izite agha mkpọsa.

People akpatre kwụsịrị inwe okwukwe na ndekọ na na ya ndú ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na nke a were Napoleon. November 9, 1799 e kwusara Kọnsụlet mode. All Executive ike lekwasị na-aka nke mbụ nnọchianya - Napoleon Bonaparte. The ọrụ nke ndị ọzọ na abụọ consuls nanị advisory. The mgbanwe bụ n'elu.

Mkpụrụ nke mgbanwe

Results nke French mgbanwe owụt ke mgbanwe nke aku na uba na ihe owuwu na mgbanwe na socio-aku mmekọahụ. The Church na oké ozu akpatre furu efu mbụ ya ike na mmetụta. France malitere aku rails nke ikeketeorie na ọganihu. Ya ndị mmadụ, n'obi na agha na ihe isi ike, nwere ike kacha ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma agha n'oge ahụ. The uru nke French mgbanwe dị ukwuu: uche nke ọtụtụ European mba kpụrụ ideals nke ịha nhata na nrọ nke nnwere onwe. Ma n'otu oge e a egwu nke ọhụrụ na revolutionary upheavals.