Fulminate nke mercury

Na narị afọ nke 17, Johann Kunkel mbụ nwetara mercury fulminate. Ntụziaka maka mmepụta nke a compound a kọwara n'akwụkwọ ya, bụ nke e bipụtara mgbe ọnwụ nke My Chemical Romance. Mgbe ọ chọpụtara nke mercury fulminate ji ruo 1800. n'ichepụta nke compound Ntụziaka e meghere Edward Howard. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-amụ ọtụtụ n'ime ya Njirimara. The kpọmkwem chemical mejupụtara nke compound mata Liebig banyere 1824.

Ọ ga-kwuru na tupu ihe omume a na 1807, afọ Forsyth patented na ojiji nke umi dị ka ihe initiator nke detonation nke nwa ntụ ntụ. Na 1836, afọ e kere site egbe, nke na-eji percussion igniter. Percussion primers na Russia malitere na-emepụta si 1843, nke bụ afọ. Nobel na 1867 mepụtakwara na ọgbụgba ọkụ okpu, nke e ji mee ihe na ihe ịga nke ọma na detonation nke dynamite.

Mercury fulminate bụ ya zuru ezu na-egbu egbu compound. Ma isi ihe ize ndụ, dị ka ọ na-enyo, abụghị egbu egbu.

Ọdịdị nwekwara e kọwara agwọ salts kpamkpam site 1890. A ogige na sayensị na-ọzọ siri ike aha - fulminates ( "àmụmà").

N'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ, mercury fulminate mgbanye ndebe nke gunpowder na dynamite. Otú ọ dị, na-adịbeghị anya ọ malitere ga-eji, na ndị ọzọ na ogige. Ka ihe atụ, ọhụrụ wetere explosives - teneres na-edu ndú azide. Nke ikpeazụ bụ, dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị, na isi taa.

Mercury fulminate "egwu" mmiri. Ọzọkwa, na omume, ọ bụghị mgbe nile ike akpali iche nke abụọ ọrụ compound na ugboro ugboro na-achọ ọzọ detonator.

Mercury fulminate na-anọchi anya dị ka isi awọ ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha crystalline ntụ ntụ. Na akọrọ ụdị egosipụta elu uche ka ujo, ọkụ, na ndị ọzọ abrasion eguzogide. Ihe ahụ gbawaranụ na-adị mgbe oghe compound nke ndọpụ igirigi ibu sulphuric acid. Decomposition mercury fulminate akpata ike asịd, nakwa dị ka esi na ọrụ nke alkaline salts.

Formula mercury (agwo oyo) HG (CNO) 2.

Site okenye ihe ngwọta crystallization emee hemihydrate odo agba (n'ihi ọnụnọ nke adịghị hydrolysis ngwaahịa). Ọ bụghị nwere ezigbo solubility na ethanol.

White mgbanwe na-egosipụta a kwesiri ngosi iguzogide kwes na chemical-eguzogide. Agwagbu ìhè anyanwụ - na N'ezie nke irradiation amalite daa mbà n'obi na elu n'ígwé kpụrụ mercury.

The combustion ọnụego nke iji nke 15,5 mm / s. E mercury fulminate ifịk mmeghachi omume na magnesium ma ọ bụ aluminum, karịsịa na ọnụnọ nke mmiri. Ọ pụrụ ime ka ihe mgbawa. Na nke a, na e kwesịghị kọntaktị nke mercury fulminate na ndị a ọla.

Akọrọ compound gosiri a zuru ezu ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume na ọla kọpa, silver, cadmium. N'agbanyeghị nke ala (mmiri ma ọ bụ ọkọchị) anaghị eme na nchara ma ọ bụ ígwè.

Mgbe ọ gụrụ ịfụ compound erekasịchaala enweghị n'iwe. Na onodu nke ụfọdụ iri atọ percent iru mmiri kpamkpam tụfuru ya uche. Na okpomọkụ nke ihe karịrị iri ise degrees amalite ngwa ngwa decomposition nke mercury fulminate. Nke a na-eme ọbụna na akọrọ ọnọdụ. Na okpomọkụ nke 90-95 degrees maka ụbọchị ole na ole compound erekasịchaala kpamkpam. Nke a Nleta a odo na-abụghị na-agbawa agbawa ihe onwunwe. Mgbe na-agbakwụnye na compound 10% of ethyl compound ngosi kwụsie ike na okpomọkụ ruo iri asatọ degrees.

Burning na-elekọta abịakọrọ rụrụ, na-aga n'ime detonation. Ịrịba Ama oru compound na-eme ka ọnwụ nke Njirimara nke wetere mgbawa. The ike ọsọ nke detonation nke 2300 m / s, ma ọ bụrụ na njupụta dị 1.25 g / cm3. The okpomọkụ nke mgbawa - 1,79 MJ / n'arọ. Olu nke detonation ngwaahịa - 315 l / n'arọ.

Na ịpị na-rụrụ na a mgbali nke 250-300 kg / cm2 ọgbụgba ọkụ okpu.