Gịnị bụ automatism nke obi? gbasara obi automaticity

Gịnị bụ automatism nke obi? Azịza nke ajụjụ a bụ ẹdude ke ibuotikọ n'okpuru ebe a. Ke adianade do, o nwere ozi na imebi nke mmadụ ahụ ike mmetụta ndị a na-hotara na mbụ echiche.

Gịnị bụ automatism nke obi?

Akwara emep uta eri na ụmụ mmadụ nwere ikike na-eme Mbelata manụ usu wee sequentially nyefee ya ofụri Mbelata muscle Ọdịdị. E gosipụtara na ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ obi muscle bụ ike onwe n'ịwa ụtọ, na-eme ka rhythmic contractions. Ikike a na-akpọ automatism obi.

Akpata gbasara obi automaticity

Ịghọta ihe bụ automatism nke obi, ọ pụrụ ịbụ na ndị na-esonụ. Obi nwere kpọmkwem ike n'ịwa ihe ọkụ usu, sochiri ejide ya ruo muscular owuwu.

Sinoatrial ọnụ - ụyọkọ peysmekerskih mbụ ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ (nwere banyere 40% mitochondria loosely odude myofibrils, ọ dịghị T-usoro mejupụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke free calcium na-agụghị oké mepụtara sarcoplasmic netwọk) emi odude ke nri mgbidi nke elu vena cava, na confluence nke nri atrium .

Adịte atrioventricular ọnụ nke abụọ ụdị a kpụrụ site na mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-eduzi gboo si sinoatrial ọnụ, kama n'okpuru pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ nwere ike onwe n'ịwa ihe electric ụgwọ. Transitional mkpụrụ ndụ na-ebu ole na ole mitochondria (20-30%) na dịtụ ibu myofibrils karịa nke mbụ iji cell. Atrioventricular ọnụ emi odude ke interatrial septum n'elu ya na-agafere na excitation doo na ụkwụ ùkwù alaka ngọngọ (mitochondria nwere 20-15%).

Purkinje emep uta eri na-ọzọ ogbo nyefe nke excitation. Ha na ihe dị ke ufọt partitions n'ebe onye ọ bụla nke abụọ ùkwù alaka ngọngọ. Ndị a na mkpụrụ ndụ na-ebu mitochondria banyere 10%, ọzọ structurally ọzọ yiri gbasara obi muscle emep uta eri.

The n'amaghi n'ile ihe electric usu n'akparamagwa peysmekerskih sinoatrial ọnụ mkpụrụ ndụ, nke potentiates efegharị efegharị excitation akpali akpali 60-80 gafere kwa nkeji. Ọ bụ a ụzọ-iji ọkwọ ụgbọala. We efegharị efegharị na-ebute site ná abụọ na nke atọ conductive Ọdịdị larịị. Ha na-enwe ike ibu ma excitation wavelength na onwe eji Mbelata nke ala frequencies. Ọkwọ ụgbọala nke abụọ larịị mgbe a imi atrioventricular ọnụ, nke bụ ike ike ha 40-50 nkeji discharges na-anọghị nke inhibitory ọrụ nke imi ọnụ. Ọzọkwa, excitation na-ebute site ná Ọdịdị nke ngugu nke Ya, nke reproduces 30-40 gafere kwa nkeji, mgbe ahụ, electric ụgwọ aga na ngugu nke Ya ụkwụ (25-30 cpm) na Purkinje eriri usoro (20 pulses kwa nkeji) na-aba na-arụ ọrụ muscle sel nke myocardium .

A gboo si sinoatrial ọnụ onwe ha ike na-ebelata eletriki ọrụ nke kpatara owuwu. Ọ bụrụ na nsogbu na-arụ ọrụ nke mbụ na iji nke na-akwọ, ọrụ ya na-ahụ-guzo njikọ n'okpuru ndị conduction usoro.

Chemical Filiks na-enye obi automaticity

Gịnị bụ automatism nke obi na okwu nke onwu? Na molekụla larịị, ihe ndabere maka onwe ha omume nke electric ụgwọ (ihe nwere) na membranes peysmekerskih mkpụrụ ndụ bụ ọnụnọ nke a na-akpọ impulsatora. Ọrụ ya (n'obi ọrụ automatism) mejupụtara atọ.

Nkebi nke impulsatora:

• 1st adọ preparatory (superoxide site na mmekọrịta nke oxygen na ghaghị ebubo phospholipids na cell elu akpụkpọ ahụ peysmekerskoy ya enweta a na-adịghị mma ụgwọ, ọ na-enye ndị na-ezu ike nwere);
• 2nd adọ potassium na sodium ifịk iga, n'oge nke mpụga ndebe nke cell na-aghọ hà 30 mW;
• 3rd na-adọ na-awụlikwa elu electrochemical - eji ike eme n'oge imegharị ihe maka iji nke reactive oxygen umu (nke ionized oxygen na hydrogen peroxide) iji enzymes catalase na superoxide dismutase. Mere ike quanta abawanye biocapacity pacemaker nke mere na ọ na-akpata ihe emereme nwere.

Filiks usu-amụba mkpụrụ ndụ - pacemakers bụchaghị ime na ọnọdụ zuru ezu nke ọnụnọ molekụla oxygen, nke a napụtara thereto erythrocytes inflowing ọbara.

Mbenata ọrụ ma ọ bụ ele mmadụ anya n'ihu cessation nke ọrụ otu ma ọ bụ karịa nkebi impulsatora usoro mebiri kwetara ọrụ peysmekerskih mkpụrụ ndụ, na-eme arrhythmia. Igbochi otu n'ime usoro nke usoro ihe a na-eme na mberede gbasara obi njide. N'ịmata na ndị dị otú ahụ automatism obi, nwere ike ịghọta na usoro.

Mmetụta nke autonomic ụjọ usoro obi muscle

Ke adianade ha onwe ha ike na-n'ịwa eletriki gboo, ọrụ nke obi na-achịkwa n'ókè site a muscle innervating ọmịiko na parasympathetic irighiri akwara, na odida nke nke nwere ike imebi gbasara obi automaticity.

Mmetụta nke ọmịiko nkewa gbapụrụ ọsọ elu obi, nwere a na-akpali akpali mmetụta. Ọmịiko innervation nwere a mma chronotropic, inotropic, dromotropic mmetụta.

N'okpuru agbasokarị edinam nke ndị parasympathetic ụjọ usoro , deceleration depolarization peysmekerskih sel (inhibitory edinam), na ya mere ibelata nke obi ọnụego (ọjọọ chronotropic edinam), na conductivity ọnụ n'ime obi (ọjọọ dromotropic mmetụta), a ọnụ ke ume systolic mkpi (ọjọọ inotropic mmetụta), ma enwekwukwa excitability nke obi (nti batmotroponoe edinam). Nke ikpeazụ a na-iwere dị ka a mebiri nke gbasara obi automaticity ọrụ.

Akpata obi automatism

1. Myocardial ischemia.
2. Mbufụt.
3. Igbu egbu.
4. Mebiri itule sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium.
5. Mmiri ọgwụ dysfunction.
6. Mebiri nke mmetụta nke kwurula ọmịiko na parasympathetic endings.

Types of arrhythmias n'ihi imebi nke automaticity nke obi

1. Imi tachy-na bradycardia.
2. Na-eku ume (dimkpa) arrhythmia.
3. Extrasystole arrhythmia (imi, atrial, atrioventricular, ventricular).
4. Paroxysmal tachycardia.

Ịmata Ọdịiche arrhythmia ruru conduction ọrịa automaticity na reentry etolite ebili mmiri (reentry efegharị efegharị) na otu ma ọ bụ karịa kpọmkwem akụkụ nke obi, n'ihi bụ a fibrillation ma ọ bụ atrial flutter.

Ventricular fibrillation - otu n'ime ndị kasị-eyi ndụ egwu arrhythmias, nke bụ na ya pụta nke na mberede gbasara obi njide na ọnwụ. The kasị dị irè usoro ọgwụgwọ - eletriki defibrillation.

ọgwụgwụ

Ya mere na-atụle, ihe bụ automatism obi, nwere ike ịghọta ihe imebi kwere omume na ikpe nke na-arịa ọrịa. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-eme ka o kwe omume iji luso ọrịa mma na ụzọ dị irè karị.